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Type: Article
Published: 2020-02-10
Page range: 492–508
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Marine Tardigrada from the Mexican Caribbean with the description of Styraconyx robertoi sp. nov. (Arthrotardigrada: Styraconyxidae)

El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-Unidad Chetumal. Departamento de Ecología y Sistemática. Av. Centenario km 5.5, Chetumal Quintana Roo, México
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-Unidad Chetumal. Departamento de Ecología y Sistemática. Av. Centenario km 5.5, Chetumal Quintana Roo, México
Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-Unidad Chetumal. Departamento de Ecología y Sistemática. Av. Centenario km 5.5, Chetumal Quintana Roo, México
Natural History Museum of Denmark, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Tardigrada Meiofauna Mesoamerican Barrier Reef biodiversity lagoon interstitial subtidal sediments

Abstract

Marine tardigrades were sampled at three sites on Mexico’s Caribbean coast. Eleven taxa were collected, one of which is described as a new species. Styraconyx robertoi sp. nov. is characterized by: asymmetric primary clavae; dorsal cuticle with a grid-like sculpture; claws with reduced accessory hooks; females with peduncles on only two digits (the external) of legs I–IV; males with peduncles only on the external digits of legs I–III and peduncles on all four digits of leg IV. Styraconyx robertoi sp. nov. is most similar to Scraticuliformis Chang & Rho, 1998 and S. kristenseni Renaud-Mornant, 1981 by having asymmetric primary clavae but differs from S. craticuliformis mainly by the number of peduncles and from S. kristenseni mainly by the presence of a grid-like dorsal sculpture. Additionally, a comparison of material collected from the same region, but reported previously only as genus level records, was carried out in order to produce a refined list of the known Mexican marine tardigrade species.

 

References

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    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3955.3.6

    Bartels, P.J., Fontoura, P. & Nelson, D.R. (2018) Marine tardigrades of the Bahamas with the description of two new species and updated keys to the species of Anisonyches and Archechiniscus. Zootaxa, 4420 (1), 43–70.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4420.1.3

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    Binda, M.G. (1978) Risistemazione di alcuni tardigradi con l’istituzione di un nuovo genere di Oreellidae e della nuova famiglia Archechiniscidae. Animalia, 5, 307–314.

    Chang, C.Y. & Rho, H.S. (1998) Three new tardigrade species associated with barnacles from the Thai coast of Andaman Sea. Korean Journal of Biological Sciences, 2, 323–331.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/12265071.1998.9647426

    D’Addabbo Gallo, M., de Zio Grimaldi, S., Morone De Lucia, R.M. & Troccoli, A. (1992) Halechiniscidae and Echiniscoididae from the Western Mediterranean Sea (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 33, 299–318.

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    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1980.tb00657.x

    Kristensen, R.M. & Higgins, R.P. (1984) Revision of Styraconyx (Tardigrada: Halechiniscidae) with description of two new species from Disko Bay, West Greenland. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 391, 1–40.

    https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.391

    Kristensen, R.M. & Higgins, R.P. (1989) Marine Tardigrada from the Southeastern United States coastal waters. I. Paradoxipus orzeliscoides n. gen., n. sp. (Arthrotardigrada: Halechiniscidae). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 108, 262–282.

    https://doi.org/10.2307/3226344

    Kristensen, R.M. & Mackness, B.S. (2000) First record of the marine tardigrade genus Batillipes (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from South Australia with a description of a new species. Records of the South Australian Museum, 33 (2), 73–87.

    Kristensen, R.M. & Renaud-Mornant, J. (1983) Existence d’arthrotardigrades semi-benthiques de genres nouveaux de la sous-famille des Styraconyxinae subfam. nov. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 24, 337–353.

    Marcus, E. (1927) Zur Anatomie und Ökologie mariner Tardigraden. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 53, 487–588.

    McKirdy, D.J., Schmidt, P. & McGinty-Bayly, M. (1976) Interstitielle Fauna von Galapagos. XVI. Tardigrada. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, Mainz, 58, 409–449.

    Miller, W.R. & Perry, E.S. (2016) The coastal marine Tardigrada of the Americas. Zootaxa, 4126 (3), 375–396.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4126.3.4

    Møbjerg, N., Jørgensen, A. & Kristensen, R.M. (2019). Ongoing revision of Echiniscoididae (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscoidea), with the description of a new interstitial species and genus with unique anal structures. Zoological Journal of Linnean Society, 181, 1–18.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz122

    Pérez-Pech, W.A., Anguas-Escalante A., de Jesús-Navarrete A. & Hansen J.G. (2018) Primer registro genérico de tardígrados marinos en costas de Quintana Roo, México. Academia Journals, 4 (10), 1909–1912.

    Pérez-Pech, W.A., Hansen, J.G., DeMilio, E., de Jesús-Navarrete, A., Martínez Mendoza, I., Rocha Olivares, A. & Vargas-Espositos, A. (2020) First records of marine tardigrades of the genus Coronarctus (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada, Arthrotardigrada) from Mexico. Check List. [in press]

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    https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.1265

    Pollock, L.W. (1970) Batillipes dicrocercus n. sp., Stygarctus granulatus n. sp. and other Tardigrada from Woods Hole, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 89 (1), 38–52.

    https://doi.org/10.2307/3224613

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    Pollock, L.W. (1983) A closer look at some marine Heterotardigrada. II: The morphology and taxonomy of Bathyechiniscus with a description of B. craticulus n. sp. from the Caribbean. The Bulletin of Marine Science, 33, 109–117.

    Pollock, L.W. (1995) New marine tardigrades from Hawaiian beach sand and phylogeny of the family Halechiniscidae. Invertebrate Biology, 114 (3), 220–235.

    https://doi.org/10.2307/3226877

    Ramazzotti, G. (1962) Il Phylum Tardigrada. Memorie dell’Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, 14, 1–595.

    Renaud-Debyser, J. (1959) Études sur la faune interstitielle des Iles Bahamas. III. Tardigrades. Vie et Milieu, 10, 296–302.

    Renaud-Mornant, J. (1974) Une nouvelle famille de Tardigrades marins abyssaux: les Coronarctidae fam nov (Heterotardigrada). Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris, 278, 3087–3090.

    Renaud-Mornant, J. (1981) Tardigrades marins (Arthrotardigrada) du Pacifique Sud. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Série 4e, Section A, 3, 799–813.

    Renaud-Mornant, J. (1982) Sous-famille et genre nouveaux de Tardigrades marins (Arthrotardigrada). Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Série 4e, Section A, 1–2, 89–94.

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    https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1067728

    Romano III, F.A., Gallo, M., D’Addabbo, R., Accogli, G., Baguley, J. & Montagna, P. (2011) Deep-sea tardigrades in the northern Gulf of Mexico with a description of a new species of Coronarctidae (Tardigrada : Arthrotardigrada), Coronarctus mexicus. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 49, 48–52.

    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00597.x

    Santos, E., Rubal, M., Veiga, P., da Rocha, C.M.C. & Fontoura, P. (2018) Batillipes (Tardigrada, Arthrotardigrada) from the Portuguese coast with the description of two new species and a new dichotomous key for all species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 425, 1–32.

    https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.425

    Schulz, E. (1951) Über Stygarctus bradypus n. g. n. sp., einen Tardigraden aus dem Kustengrundwasser, und seine phylogenetische Bedeutung. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 8, 86–97.

    Schulz, E. (1953) Eine neue Tardigraden-Gattung von der pazifischen Küste. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 151, 306–310.

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    Schulz, E. (1963) Über die Tardigraden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 171, 3–12.

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    Bartels, P.J., Fontoura, P. & Nelson, D.R. (2015) New records of marine tardigrades from Moorea, French Polynesia, with the description of Styraconyx turbinarium sp. nov. (Arthrotardigrada, Halechiniscidae). Zootaxa, 3955 (3), 389–402.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3955.3.6

    Bartels, P.J., Fontoura, P. & Nelson, D.R. (2018) Marine tardigrades of the Bahamas with the description of two new species and updated keys to the species of Anisonyches and Archechiniscus. Zootaxa, 4420 (1), 43–70.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4420.1.3

    Bello, G. & de Zio Grimaldi, S. (1998) Phylogeny of the genera of the Stygarctidae and related families (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 237, 171–183.

    Binda, M.G. (1978) Risistemazione di alcuni tardigradi con l’istituzione di un nuovo genere di Oreellidae e della nuova famiglia Archechiniscidae. Animalia, 5, 307–314.

    Chang, C.Y. & Rho, H.S. (1998) Three new tardigrade species associated with barnacles from the Thai coast of Andaman Sea. Korean Journal of Biological Sciences, 2, 323–331.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/12265071.1998.9647426

    D’Addabbo Gallo, M., de Zio Grimaldi, S., Morone De Lucia, R.M. & Troccoli, A. (1992) Halechiniscidae and Echiniscoididae from the Western Mediterranean Sea (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 33, 299–318.

    D’Addabbo Gallo, M., Morone De Lucia, M.R. & de Zio Grimaldi, S. (1989) Two new species of the genus Styraconyx (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 30, 17–33.

    de Jesús-Navarrete, A. (2003) Diversity of Nematoda in a Caribbean atoll: Banco Chinchorro, Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science, 73, 47–56.

    de Jesús-Navarrete, A. (2007) Nematodos de los arrecifes de Isla Mujeres y Banco Chinchorro, Quintana Roo, México. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 42, 193–200.

    https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-19572007000200006

    Doyère, L.M. (1840) Mémoire sur les Tardigrades. I. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris, Série 2, 14, 269–361.

    Grimaldi de Zio, S., D’Addabbo Gallo, M., Morone de Lucia, R. & D’Addabo, L. (1987) Marine Arthrotardigrada and Echiniscoidea (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada) from the Indian Ocean. Bollettino di Zoologia, 54 (4), 347–357.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/11250008709355608

    Jordán-Dahlgren, E. (1993) El ecosistema arrecifal coralino del Atlántico Mexicano. Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 45, 157–175.

    Jørgensen, A., Boesgaard, T.M., Møbjerg, N. & Kristensen, R.M. (2014) The tardigrade fauna of Australian marine caves: With descriptions of nine new species of Arthrotardigrada. Zootaxa, 3802 (4), 401–443.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3802.4.1

    Kristensen, R.M. (1983) Loricifera, a new phylum with Aschelminthes characters from the meiobenthos. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 21 (3), 163–180.

    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.1983.tb00285.x

    Kristensen, R.M. (1984) On the biology of Wingstrandarctus corallinus nov. gen. et spec., with notes on the symbiontic bacteria in the subfamily Florarctinae (Arthrotardigrada). Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dansk naturhistorisk Forening, 145, 201–218.

    Kristensen, R.M. & Hallas, T.E. (1980) The tidal genus Echiniscoides and its variability, with erection of Echiniscoididae fam. n. (Tardigrada). Zoologica Scripta, 9, 113–127.

    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1980.tb00657.x

    Kristensen, R.M. & Higgins, R.P. (1984) Revision of Styraconyx (Tardigrada: Halechiniscidae) with description of two new species from Disko Bay, West Greenland. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 391, 1–40.

    https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.391

    Kristensen, R.M. & Higgins, R.P. (1989) Marine Tardigrada from the Southeastern United States coastal waters. I. Paradoxipus orzeliscoides n. gen., n. sp. (Arthrotardigrada: Halechiniscidae). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 108, 262–282.

    https://doi.org/10.2307/3226344

    Kristensen, R.M. & Mackness, B.S. (2000) First record of the marine tardigrade genus Batillipes (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from South Australia with a description of a new species. Records of the South Australian Museum, 33 (2), 73–87.

    Kristensen, R.M. & Renaud-Mornant, J. (1983) Existence d’arthrotardigrades semi-benthiques de genres nouveaux de la sous-famille des Styraconyxinae subfam. nov. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 24, 337–353.

    Marcus, E. (1927) Zur Anatomie und Ökologie mariner Tardigraden. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 53, 487–588.

    McKirdy, D.J., Schmidt, P. & McGinty-Bayly, M. (1976) Interstitielle Fauna von Galapagos. XVI. Tardigrada. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, Mainz, 58, 409–449.

    Miller, W.R. & Perry, E.S. (2016) The coastal marine Tardigrada of the Americas. Zootaxa, 4126 (3), 375–396.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4126.3.4

    Møbjerg, N., Jørgensen, A. & Kristensen, R.M. (2019). Ongoing revision of Echiniscoididae (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscoidea), with the description of a new interstitial species and genus with unique anal structures. Zoological Journal of Linnean Society, 181, 1–18.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz122

    Pérez-Pech, W.A., Anguas-Escalante A., de Jesús-Navarrete A. & Hansen J.G. (2018) Primer registro genérico de tardígrados marinos en costas de Quintana Roo, México. Academia Journals, 4 (10), 1909–1912.

    Pérez-Pech, W.A., Hansen, J.G., DeMilio, E., de Jesús-Navarrete, A., Martínez Mendoza, I., Rocha Olivares, A. & Vargas-Espositos, A. (2020) First records of marine tardigrades of the genus Coronarctus (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada, Arthrotardigrada) from Mexico. Check List. [in press]

    Plate, L.H. (1888) Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Tardigraden. Zoologische Jahrbücher, 3, 487–550.

    https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.1265

    Pollock, L.W. (1970) Batillipes dicrocercus n. sp., Stygarctus granulatus n. sp. and other Tardigrada from Woods Hole, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 89 (1), 38–52.

    https://doi.org/10.2307/3224613

    Pollock, L.W. (1975) Observations on marine Heterotardigrada including a new genus from the western Atlantic Ocean. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 16, 121–132.

    Pollock, L.W. (1983) A closer look at some marine Heterotardigrada. II: The morphology and taxonomy of Bathyechiniscus with a description of B. craticulus n. sp. from the Caribbean. The Bulletin of Marine Science, 33, 109–117.

    Pollock, L.W. (1995) New marine tardigrades from Hawaiian beach sand and phylogeny of the family Halechiniscidae. Invertebrate Biology, 114 (3), 220–235.

    https://doi.org/10.2307/3226877

    Ramazzotti, G. (1962) Il Phylum Tardigrada. Memorie dell’Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, 14, 1–595.

    Renaud-Debyser, J. (1959) Études sur la faune interstitielle des Iles Bahamas. III. Tardigrades. Vie et Milieu, 10, 296–302.

    Renaud-Mornant, J. (1974) Une nouvelle famille de Tardigrades marins abyssaux: les Coronarctidae fam nov (Heterotardigrada). Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris, 278, 3087–3090.

    Renaud-Mornant, J. (1981) Tardigrades marins (Arthrotardigrada) du Pacifique Sud. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Série 4e, Section A, 3, 799–813.

    Renaud-Mornant, J. (1982) Sous-famille et genre nouveaux de Tardigrades marins (Arthrotardigrada). Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Série 4e, Section A, 1–2, 89–94.

    Richters, F. (1908) Marine Tardigraden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 33, 77–85.

    Richters, F. (1909) Tardigraden-Studien. Bericht der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt am Main, 40, 28–48.

    Richters, F. (1926) Tardigrada. In: Kükenthal, W. & Krumbach, T. (Eds.), Handbuch der Zoologie. Vol. 3. Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin and Leipzig, pp. 58–61.

    Roberts, C.M., McClean, C.J., Vernon, J.E.N., Hawkins, J.P., Allen, G.R., McAllister, D.E., Mittermeier, C.G., Schueler, F.W., Spalding, M., Wells, F., Vynne, C. & Werner, T.B. (2002) Marine Biodiversity Hotspots and Conservation Priorities for Tropical Reefs. Science, 295 (5558), 1280–1284.

    https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1067728

    Romano III, F.A., Gallo, M., D’Addabbo, R., Accogli, G., Baguley, J. & Montagna, P. (2011) Deep-sea tardigrades in the northern Gulf of Mexico with a description of a new species of Coronarctidae (Tardigrada : Arthrotardigrada), Coronarctus mexicus. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 49, 48–52.

    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00597.x

    Santos, E., Rubal, M., Veiga, P., da Rocha, C.M.C. & Fontoura, P. (2018) Batillipes (Tardigrada, Arthrotardigrada) from the Portuguese coast with the description of two new species and a new dichotomous key for all species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 425, 1–32.

    https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.425

    Schulz, E. (1951) Über Stygarctus bradypus n. g. n. sp., einen Tardigraden aus dem Kustengrundwasser, und seine phylogenetische Bedeutung. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 8, 86–97.

    Schulz, E. (1953) Eine neue Tardigraden-Gattung von der pazifischen Küste. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 151, 306–310.

    Schulz, E. (1955) Studien an marinen Tardigraden. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 11, 73–79.

    Schulz, E. (1963) Über die Tardigraden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 171, 3–12.

    Suárez-Morales, E. & Gasca, R. (1998) Updated checklist of the free-living marine Copepoda (Crustacea) of Mexico. Anales del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Serie Zoología, 69 (1), 105–109.

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