Abstract
The taxonomic status of the Bay of Bengal nominal sparid species Coius datnia Hamilton, 1822 and Acanthopagrus longispinnis (Valenciennes, 1830) are reviewed and investigated both morphologically and genetically. Because of inadequate description and no type specimen, Coius datnia has recently been considered to belong to Sparidentex, a genus without molarifom teeth. Critical examination of the original description and examination of specimens from the type locality and adjacent areas reveal that Coius datnia belongs to Acanthopagrus, a genus with an inner series of molars. Furthermore, examination of specimens previously recognized as Acanthopagrus longispinnis (Valenciennes 1830), and recent collection of fresh specimens from lower Ganges estuary in Bangladesh, show that morphological differences between Acanthopagrus datnia and A. longispinnis are minor, and they are genetically identical. The longer second anal-fin spine in A. longispinnis (>21% SL) is, in fact, a feature of some younger A. datnia. Accordingly, A. datnia is regarded as a senior synonym of A. longispinnis, and is distinguished from its congeners by the presence of 12 dorsal-fin spines (rarely 11 or 13), 3½ scale rows between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line, pelvic and anal-fins pale yellow to yellow with black streaks present in the interradial membranes of anal-fin rays, and caudal fin grey or yellowish grey. A neotype (and neogenotype) has been designated for Acanthopagrus datnia (Hamilton, 1822).
References
Akazaki, M. (1962) Studies on the spariform fishes: anatomy, phylogeny, ecology and taxonomy. Misaki Marine Biological Institute Kyoto University, Special Report, 1, 1–368.
Amir, S.A., Siddiqui, P.J.A. & Masroor, R. (2014) A new sparid fish of genus Sparidentex (Perciformes: Sparidae) from coastal waters of Pakistan (north western Indian Ocean). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 46 (2), 471–477.
Baldwin, C.C., Weigt, L.A., Smith, D.G. & Mounts, J.H. (2009) Reconciling genetic lineages with species in western Atlantic Coryphopterus (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 38, 113–114.
Barman, R.P., Mishra, S.S., Kar, S., Mukherjee, P. & Saren, S.C. (2007) Marine and Estuarine Fish Fauna of Orissa. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper No. 260, 1–186.
Bauchot, M.L. & Daget, J. (1972) Catalogue critique des types de Poissons du Muśeum national d’Historienaturelle. (Suite) (Famille des Sparidae). Bulletin du Muśeum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Série 3, 24 (Zoologie), 18, 33–99.
Bauchot, M.L. & Skelton, P.H. (1986) Sparidae. In: Daget, J., Gosse, J.-P. & van den Audenaerde, D.F.E. Thys. (Eds.), Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa. CLOFFA. Vol. 2. ISNB Bruxelles, MRAC Tervuren, ORSTOM, Cloffa, Paris, pp. 331–332.
Bauchot, M.L. & Smith, M.M. (1983) Sparidae. In: Fisher, W. & Bianchi, G. (Eds.), FAO Species Identification Sheets for Fisheries Purposes―Western Indian Ocean. Fishing Area 51. Vol. 4. FAO, Rome, pp. 1‒11. [“SPARID Acanth 1” to “SPARID Spond 2”]
Benchalel, W. & Kara, M.H. (2010) Biométrie et dimorphism esexuel du sarcommun Diplodus sargussargus des côtes de l’Estalgérien. Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France, 135 (3–4), 149–162.
Bleeker, P. (1853) Nalezingen op de ichthyologische fauna van Bengalenen Hindostan. Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunstenen Wetenschappen, 25 (8), 1–164.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60451
Bleeker, P. (1877) Sur les especesconfondues sous les noms de Chrysophrys hasta, berda, calamari et schlegeli. Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Netherlands). Afdeeling Natuurkunde, Amsterdam, 11, 1–12.
Chiba, S.N., Iwatsuki, Y., Yoshino, T. & Hanzawa. N. (2009) Comprehensive phylogeny of the family Sparidae (Perciformes: Teleostei) inferred from mitochondrial gene analyses. Gene and Genetics System, 84, 153‒170.
https://doi.org/10.1266/ggs.84.153
Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A. (1829) Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Troisième. Livre Troisieme. Chapitre XXIII. Des Thérapons, des Datnia, des Pelâtes et des Hélotes. HistorieNaturelle des Poissons, 3, 1–500
Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A. (1830) Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. Livre Sixième. Partie I. Des Sparoïdes. Historie naturelle des poissons, 6, 1–559, pls. 141–169
Cuvier, G. (1829) Le Règne Animal, distribuéd’après son organisation, pour servir de base à l’histoire naturelle des animaux et d’introduction à l’anatomie comparée. Edition 2. Règne Animal, 2, 1–406.
Day, F. (1876) The Fishes of India; being a Natural History of the Fishes Known to Inhabit the Seas and Fresh Waters of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Bernard Quaritch, London, 320 + XII pp., LXVIII pls.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.62705
Day, F. (1889) The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Fishes. Vol. 2. Taylor & Francis, London, 509 pp.
Dolganov, V.N., Kharin, V.E. & Zemnukhov, V.V. (2008) New records of a rare species of spariform fish Acanthopagrus schlegelii (Bleeker, 1854) (Osteichthyes: Sparidae) from Russian waters of the Sea of Japan, with notes on the taxonomy of the genus Acanthopagrus Peter, 1855. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 34 (4), 220–223.
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063074008040020
Eggleston, D. (1974) Sparidae. In: Fisher, W. & Whitehead, P.J.P. (Eds.), FAO Species Identification Sheets for Fishery Purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 57) and Western Central Pacific. Fishing Area 71. Vol. 4. FAO, Rome, pp. 1–17. [‘SPARID Argy 1’ to ‘SPARID Tai 1’]
Fowler, H.W. (1929) Further notes and descriptions of Bombay shore fishes. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 33 (1), 100–119
Fowler, H.W. (1933) The fishes of the families Banjosidae, Lethrinidae, Sparidae, Girellidae, Kyphosidae, Oplegnathidae, Gerridae, Mullidae, Emmelichthyidae, Sciaenidae, Sillaginidae, Arripidae, and Enoplosidae collected by the United States Bureau of Fisheries Steamer “Albatross”, chiefly in Philippine seas and adjacent waters. In: United States National Museum Bulletin. 100 (12). Smithsonian Institution, Washington, pp. 1–465.
Fricke, R. & Eschmeyer, W.N. (2017) Guide to Fish Collections. Available from: http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/collections.asp. (accessed 27 July 2017)
Fricke, R. Eschmeyer, W.N. & van der Laan, R. (2019) Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Available from: http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp (accessed 17 June 2019)
Fujiwara, K., Ito, S. & Motomura, M. (2017) First Japanese record of Acanthopagrus taiwanensis (Perciformes: Sparidae) from Kagoshima Prefecture. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 64 (2), 107–112.
Günther, A. (1859) Catalogue of the Acanthopterygian Fishes in the Collection of British Museum. Vol. I. British Museum, London, XXXI + 524 pp.
Hamilton, F. (1822) An Account of the Fishes Found in the River Ganges and its Branches. Vol. 1 & 2. Constable, Edinburgh, 405 pp., 39 pls.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.59540
Hasan, M.E. (2009) Some Aspects of the Reproductive Biology and Ecology of a Sparid, Yellowfin Seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) in two Estuaries of the South-East Coast of Bangladesh. Unpublished MPhil Theses, Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 100 pp.
Hora, S.L. & Mukerji, D.D. (1936). Notes on Fishes in the Indian Museum. XXVII. On two collections of fish from Maungmagan, Tavoy District, Lower Burma. Records of the Indian Museum, 38, 15–39.
Hubbs, C.L. & Lagler, K.F. (1958) Fishes of the Great Lakes region. Cranbrook Institute of Science Bulletin, 26, 1–213.
Hubbs, C.L. & Lagler, K.F. (2004) Fishes of the Great Lakes Region. Revised Edition. The University of Michigan Press, Michigan, 276 pp.
https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.17658
Hussain, M.M. (1969). Marine and Estuarine Fishes of the North-eastern Part of Bay of Bengal. Scientific Researches, 7 (1), 26–55.
Iwatsuki, Y. (2013) Review of the Acanthopagrus latus complex (Perciformes: Sparidae) with descriptions of three new species from the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. Journal of Fish Biology, 83, 64−95.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12151
Iwatsuki, Y. & Carpenter, K.E. (2006) Acanthopagrus taiwanensis, a new sparid fish (Perciformes), with comparisons to Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskål, 1775) and other nominal species of Acanthopagrus. Zootaxa, 1202 (1), 1‒19.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1202.1.1
Iwatsuki, Y. & Carpenter, K.E. (2009) Acanthopagrus randalli (Perciformes: Sparidae), a new black seabream from the Persian Gulf. Zootaxa, 2267 (1), 43−54.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2267.1.3
Iwatsuki, Y. & Heemstra, P.C. (2010) Taxonomic review of the Western Indian Ocean species of the genus Acanthopagrus Peters, 1855 (Perciformes: Sparidae), with description of a new species from Oman. Copeia, 2010 (1), 123‒136.
https://doi.org/10.1643/CI-08-073
Iwatsuki, Y. & Heemstra, P.C. (2011) A review of the Acanthopagrus bifasciatus species complex (Pisces: Sparidae) from the Indian Ocean, with redescriptions of A. bifasciatus (Forsskål 1775) and A. catenula (Lacepède 1801) Zootaxa, 3025 (1), 38‒50.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3025.1.2
Iwatsuki, Y. & Heemstra, P.C. (2020) Sparidae. In: Heemstra, P.C., Heemstra, E., Ebert, D.A., Holleman, W. & Randall, J.E. (Eds.), Coastal Fishes of Western Indian Ocean. [in press]
Iwatsuki, Y. & Kimura, S. (1997) Gerres methueni Regan, 1920, a senior synonym of G. rappi (Barnard, 1927) (Pisces: Gerreidae). Ichthyological Research, 44, 1–7.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02672752
Iwatsuki, Y., Kimura, S. & Yoshino, T. (2001) Gerres limbatus Cuvier and G. lucidus Cuvier from the Indo-Malay Archipelagos, the latter corresponding to young of the former (Perciformes: Gerreidae). Ichthyological Research, 48, 307–314.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-001-8151-4
Iwatsuki, Y., Kimura, S. & Yoshino, T. (2006) A new sparid, Acanthopagrus akazakii, from New Caledonia with notes on nominal species of Acanthopagrus. Ichthyological Research, 53, 406–414.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-006-0365-z
Iwatsuki, Y., Kume, M. & Yoshino, T. (2010) A new species, Acanthopagrus pacificus from the western Pacific (Pisces, Sparidae). Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series A, 36 (4), 115–130.
Iwatsuki, Y., Jawad, L.A., Tanaka, F., Al-Busaidi, H., Al-Mamry, J.M. & Al-Kharusi, L.H. (2013) Omani fishes collected in the vicinity of Mutrah, Gulf of Oman and Madrakah, southern Oman through 3 to 13 October 2010. Bulletin of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 59, 29–41.
Jordan, D.S. & Thompson, W.F. (1912) A review of the sparid and related families of perch-like fishes found in the waters of Japan. Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, 41, 521–601.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.41-1875.521
Joshi, K.K., Sreeram, M.P., Zacharia, P.U., Abdussamad, E.M., Varghese, M., Habeeb, O.M.M.J.M., Jayabalan, K., Kanthan, P., Kannan, P., Sreekumar, K.M., George, G. & Varsha, M.S. (2016) Check list of fishes of the Gulf of Mannar Ecosystem, Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 58 (1), 83–103.
https://doi.org/10.6024/jmbai.2016.58.1.1895-05
Khan, R.A. (2003) Fish faunal resources of Sunderban estuarine system with special reference to the biology of some commercially important species. Records of the Zoological Survey of India. Miscellaneous Publication, Occasional Paper, 209, 1–150.
Kottelat, M. (2013) The fishes of the inland waters of Southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 27, 1–663.
Lloyd, R.E. (1907) Notes on a collection of marketable fish from Akyab, with a description of a new species of Lactarius. Records of the Indian Museum, 1, 219–231.
Manisseri, M.K., Antony, G., George, R.M., Nair, R.J., Joshi, K.K. & Geetha, P.M. (2012) Marine Biodiversity Museum (A Designated National Repository) Catalogue. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, 85 pp.
McGrouther, M. (2015) Glossary of Fish Terms. Australian Museum. Available from: http://australianmuseum.net.au/glossary-of-fish-terms (accessed 27 July 2017)
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), New Orleans, Louisiana, 14 November 2010, pp. 1–8.
https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
Minos, G., Kokokiris, L. & Kentouri, M. (2008) Allometry of external morphology and sexual dimorphism in the red porgy (Pagrus pagrus). Belgian Journal of Zoology, 138 (1), 90–94.
Misra, K.S. (1959) An aid to the identification of the common commercial fishes of India and Pakistan. Records of the Indian Museum, 57, 1–320.
Mohanty, S.K., Mishra, S.S., Khan, M., Mohanty, R.K., Mohapatra, A. & Pattnaik, A.K. (2015) Ichthyofaunal diversity of Chilika Lake, Odisha, India: an inventory, assessment of biodiversity status and comprehensive systematic checklist (1916–2014). Check List, 11 (6), 1817, 1–19.
https://doi.org/10.15560/11.6.1817
Munro, I.S.R. (1948) Sparidentex hasta (Valenciennes), a new name for Chrysophrys cuvieri Day. Copeia, 1948, 275–280.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1438716
Munro, I.S.R. (1949) Revision of Australian silver breams Mylio and Rhabdosargus. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 12, 182–223, pls. 116−123.
Orrell, T.M. & Carpenter, K.E. (2004) A phylogeny of the fish family Sparidae (porgies) inferred from mitochondrial sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 32, 425–434.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.01.012
Orrell, T.M., Carpenter, K.E., Musick, J.A. & Graves, J.E. (2002) Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Analysis of the Sparidae (Perciformes: Percoidei) from Cytochrome b Sequences. Copeia, 2002 (3), 618–631.
https://doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002[0618:PABAOT]2.0.CO;2
Pal, M., Kar, S. & Mishra, S.S. (2014) An overview of the fishes of Indian Sundarbans and their conservation status. Journal of Environment & Sociobiology, 11 (2), 171–186.
Palumbi, S.R. (1996) Nucleic acids II: the polymerase chain reaction. In Hillis DM, Moritz C, Mable BK, eds. Molecular Systematics, Second Edition. Sinauer & Associates Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts, pp. 205–247.
Rahman, A.K.A. & Ruma, F. (2007) Acanthopagrus latus (Houttuyn, 1782). In: Siddiqui, K.U., Islam, M.A., Kabir, S.M.H., Ahmed, M., Ahmed, A.T.A., Rahman, A.K.A., Haque, E.U., Ahmed, Z.U., Begum, Z.N.T., Hasan, M.A., Khondker, M. & Rahman, M.M. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh. Vol. 23. Freshwater Fishes. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, pp. 1–191.
Rahman, A.K.A. (1974) A checklist of the freshwater bony fishes of Bangladesh. Directorate of Fisheries, Bangladesh. Freshwater Fisheries Research Station, Chandpur, Bulletin No. 1, 1–18.
Rahman, A.K.A. (1989) Freshwater Fishes of Bangladesh, First Edition. Zoological Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 364 pp.
Rahman, A.K.A. (2005) Freshwater Fishes of Bangladesh, Second Edition. Zoological Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 394 pp.
Russell, B.C. & Craig, M.T. (2013) Anampses viridis Valenciennes 1840 (Pisces: Labridae)—a case of taxonomic confusion and mistaken extinction. Zootaxa, 3722 (1), 083–091.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3722.1.7
Russell, B.C. Hasan, M.E. & Durand, J.-D. (2019) Scolopsis igcarensis Mishra, Biswas, Russell, Satpathy & Selvanayagam, 2013, a junior synonym of S. vosmeri (Bloch, 1792) (Perciformes: Nemipteridae). Zootaxa, 4629 (4), 589–599.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.7
Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: Maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics, 22, 2688–2690.
https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446
Sukumaran, S., Gopalakrishnan, A., Sebastian, W., Vijayagopal, P., Nandakumar Rao, S., Raju, N., Ismail, S., Abdussamad, E.M., Asokan, P.K., Said Koya, K.P. & Rohit, P. (2016) Morphological divergence in Indian oil sardine, Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes, 1847– Does it imply adaptive variation? Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2016, 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13060
Talwar, P.K. & Jhingran, A.G. (1991) Inland Fishes of India and Adjacent Countries. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, 1158 pp.
Tamura, K. & Nei, M. (1993) Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 10, 512–526.
Ward, R.D., Zemlak, T.S., Innes, B.H., Last, P.R. & Hebert, P.D.N. (2005) DNA Barcoding Australia’s fish species. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 360, 1847–1857.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1716
Xia, R., Durand, J.-D. & Fu, C. (2016) Multilocus resolution of Mugilidae phylogeny (Teleostei: Mugiliformes): Implications for the family’s taxonomy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 96, 161–177.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.12.010