Abstract
Despite a recent surge of taxonomic work on the dipsocoromorphan family Schizopteridae, new genus-level taxa remain to be documented and described. The curation of Malaise and Yellow Pan Trap sample residues from Central and South America and Cameroon resulted in the discovery of five undescribed species that based on combined molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses represent four phylogenetically isolated lineages within non-hypselosomatine Schizopteridae. To accommodate these new species, we here describe the four new genera Caucanannus gen. n. (Colombia, Ecuador, and Brazil) with Caucanannus perplexus sp. n. and Caucanannus novissimis sp. n.; Kamakonocoris gen. n. (Cameroon) with Kamakonocoris carinata sp. n.; Perittonannus gen. n. (Costa Rica) with Perittonannus antiquus sp. n.; and Rimanannus gen. n. (Cameroon) with Rimanannus camerunensis sp. n. The four genera are characterized by distinctive wing venation and male and female genitalic features. We provide habitus photographs and document morphological details using digital macrophotography as well as light compound microscopic and scanning electron microscopic images. Maps and measurements are also included.
References
Emsley, M.G. (1969) The Schizopteridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) with the description of new species from Trinidad. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 25, 1–154.
Henry, T.J. (2017) Biodiversity of Heteroptera. In: Foottit, R.G. & Adler, P.H. (Eds.), Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society, Vol. I. Second Edition. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, pp. 279–335.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118945568.ch10
Hill, L. (1980) Tasmanian Dipsocoroidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 19, 107–127.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1980.tb00972.x
Hill, L. (1992) A revision of Pachyplagoides Gross (Heteroptera: Schizopteridae). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 6, 245–260.
https://doi.org/10.1071/IT9920245
Hill, L. (1984) New genera of Hypselosomatinae (Heteroptera: Schizopteridae) from Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplement Series No. 103, 1–55.
https://doi.org/10.1071/AJZS103
Hill, L. (2013) A revision of Hypselosoma Reuter (Insecta: Heteroptera: Schizopteridae) from New Caledonia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 56, 407–455.
Hill, L. (2014) Revision of Silhouettanus with description of nine new species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Schizopteridae). Zootaxa, 3815 (3), 353–385.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3815.3.3
Hoey-Chamberlain, R. & Weirauch, C. (2016) Two new genera of big-eyed minute litter bugs (Hemiptera, Schizopteridae, Hypselosomatinae) from Brazil and the Caribbean. ZooKeys, 640, 79–102.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.640.9690
Hoey-Chamberlain, R. & Weirauch, C. (2019) Taxonomic revision of the New World big-eyed minute litter bug genus Ommatides Uhler (Hemiptera: Schizopteridae). Zootaxa, 4585 (1), 73.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.5
Johnson, K.P., Dietrich, C.H., Friedrich, F., Beutel, R.G., Wipfler, B., Peters, R.S., Allen, J.M., Petersen, M., Donath, A., Walden, K.K.O., Kozlov, A.M., Podsiadlowski, L., Mayer, C., Meusemann, K., Vasilikopoulos, A., Waterhouse, R.M., Cameron, S.L., Weirauch, C., Swanson, D.R., Percy, D., Hardy, N.B., Terry, I., Liu, S., Zhou, X., Misof, B., Robertson, H.M. & Yoshizawa, K. (2018) Phylogenomics and the evolution of hemipteroid insects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115, 12775–12780.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815820115
Knyshov, A., Hoey-Chamberlain, R. & Weirauch, C. (2018) Comparative morphology of male genitalic structures in the minute litter bugs Dipsocoromorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Journal of Morphology, 279, 1480–1517.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20885
Knyshov, A., Hoey-Chamberlain, R. & Weirauch, C. (2019) Hybrid enrichment of poorly preserved museum specimens refines homology hypotheses in a group of minute litter bugs (Hemiptera: Dipsocoromorpha: Schizopteridae). Systematic Entomology, 44 (4), 985–995.
https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12368
Knyshov, A., Leon, S., Hoey-Chamberlain, R. & Weirauch, C. (2016) Pegs, pouches, and spines: systematics and comparative morphology of the new world litter bug genus Chinannus Wygodzinsky, 1948. Entomological Society of America, Memoir, 2016, 108.
Knyshov, A., Weirauch, C. & Hoey-Chamberlain, R. (2020) Phylogenetic relationships and revised classification of the true bug infraorder Dipsocoromorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Cladistics. [under revision]
Leon, S. & Weirauch, C. (2016a) Scratching the surface? Taxonomic revision of the subgenus Schizoptera (Odontorhagus) reveals vast undocumented biodiversity in the largest litter bug genus Schizoptera Fieber (Hemiptera: Dipsocoromorpha). Zootaxa, 4184 (2), 255–284.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4184.2.2
Leon, S. & Weirauch, C. (2016b) Small Bugs, Big Changes: Taxonomic Revision of Orthorhagus McAtee & Malloch. Neotropical Entomology, 45, 559–572.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-016-0408-8
Platner, G.R., Velten, R.K., Planoutene, M. & Pinto, J.D. (1998) Slide-mounting techniques for Trichogramma (Trichogrammatidae) and other minute parasitic Hymenoptera. Entomological News, 110, 56–64.
Schuh, R.T. & Slater, J.A. (1995) True bugs of the world (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): classification and natural history. Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca & London, xii + 336 pp.
Weirauch, C. & Fernandes, J.A.M. (2015) The Minute Litter Bugs (Dipsocoromorpha). In: Panizzi, A.R. & Grazia, J. (Eds.), True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Neotropics. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 99–109.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9861-7_5
Weirauch, C. & Frankenberg, S. (2015) From “insect soup” to biodiversity discovery: taxonomic revision of Peloridinannus Wygodzinsky, 1951 (Hemiptera: Schizopteridae), with description of six new species. Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny, 73, 457–475.
Weirauch, C., Schuh, R.T., Cassis, G. & Wheeler, W.C. (2019) Revisiting habitat and lifestyle transitions in Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera): insights from a combined morphological and molecular phylogeny. Cladistics, 35, 67–105.
https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12233
Weirauch, C., Whorrall, K., Knyshov, A. & Hoey-Chamberlain, R. (2018) Giant among dwarfs: Meganannus lewisi, gen. n. and sp. n., a new genus and species of minute litter bugs from Costa Rica (Hemiptera: Schizopteridae). Zootaxa, 4370 (2), 156–170.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4370.2.4
Weirauch, C. & Štys, P. (2014) Litter bugs exposed: phylogenetic relationships of Dipsocoromorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) based on molecular data. Insect Systematics & Evolution, 45, 351–370.
https://doi.org/10.1163/1876312X-45012109