Abstract
Two species of Orussidae are described: Ophrynopus rufocephalus new species and Ophrynopus savinai new species. The new taxa are analyzed with an existing data set for the Orussidae of the world. The results of the analyses indicate that the generic classification within the ophrynopine clade needs to be adjusted. Argentophrynopus Vilhelmsen & D.R. Smith, 2002 new synonym and Ophrella Middlekauff, 1985 new synonym are treated as junior synonyms of Ophrynopus Konow, 1897. This results in the following additional taxonomic changes: Ophrynopus amazonicus (Westwood, 1874) combination reestablished, Ophrynopus eldorado (Vilhelmsen, 2013) new combination, Ophrynopus enigmus (Vilhelmsen & D.R. Smith, 2002) new combination, Ophrynopus gauldi (Vilhelmsen & D.R. Smith, 2002) new combination, Ophrynopus seagi (Vilhelmsen, 2016) new combination. Furthermore, Ophrynopus andrei Konow, 1897 new synonym is regarded as a junior synonym of Ophrynopus fulvostigma (Westwood, 1874). A revised key to Ophrynopus spp. is presented.
References
Benson, R.B. (1935) On the genera of the Orussidae. With an account of the African species (Hymenoptera Symphyta). Occasional Papers of the Rhodesian Museum, 4, 1–10.
Benson, R.B. (1938) On the Australian Orussidae, with a key to the genera of the world (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11, 2 (7), 1–15.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03745481.1938.9755433
Benson, R.B. (1955) Some woodwasps from Chile and the Argentine (Orussidae and Xiphydriidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B, Taxonomy, 24 (5–6), 110–112.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1955.tb01485.x
Blank, S.M., Vilhelmsen, L. & Smith, D.R. (2010) Ophrynon (Hymenoptera: Orussidae) in California: diversity, distribution and phylogeny. Insect Systematics & Evolution, 41, 3–27.
https://doi.org/10.1163/139956009X12550095535756
Blank, S.M. & Vilhelmsen, L. (2016) Two new parasitoid wasp species of the Australasian genus Orussobaius (Hymenoptera: Orussidae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 74, 83–103. [http://www.senckenberg.de/files/content/forschung/publikationen/arthropodsystematics/asp_74_1/05_asp_74_1_blank_83-103.pdf ]
du Buysson, R. (1910) Hyménoptères nouveaux ou peu connus. Revue d’Entomologie, 28, 172–176.
Cameron, P. (1883) Hymenoptera. Families Tenthredinidae-Chrysididae. In: Godman, F.D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia centrali-americana, 1, pp. 1–70.
Engel, M.S. (2008) An orussid wood wasp in amber from the Dominican Republic (Hymenoptera: Orussidae). Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 111, 39–44.
https://doi.org/10.1660/0022-8443(2008)111[39:AOWWIA]2.0.CO;2
Goloboff, P.A. & Catalano, S.A. (2016) TNT version 1.5, including a full implementation of phylogenetic morphometrics. Cladistics, 32, 221–238.
https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12160
Konow, F.W. (1897a) Systematische und kritische Bearbeitung der Siriciden-Tribus Oryssini. Természetrajzi Füzetek, 20, 602–610. (published 1 November 1897)
Konow, F.W. (1897b) Zwei neue Siriciden und einige palaearktische Tenthrediniden. Entomologische Nachrichten, 23, 372–376. [published 15 December 1897]
Maddison, W.P. & Maddison, D.R. (2018) Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Version 3.6. Available from: http://www.mesquiteproject.org (version released 27 December 2018)
Middlekauff, W.W. (1983) A revision of the sawfly family Orussidae for North and Central America (Hymenoptera: Symphyta, Orussidae). University of California Publications in Entomology, Berkeley, 101, 1–46.
Middlekauff, W.W. (1985) A new genus of Orussidae from Panama (Hymenoptera: Symphyta, Orussidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 61, 184–186.
Ross, H.H. (1937) A generic classification of the Nearctic sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Illinois Biological Monographs, 15 (2), 1–173.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50339
Schmidt, S. & Vilhelmsen, L. (2002) Revision of the Australasian genus Orussobaius Benson, 1938 (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Orussidae). Australian Journal of Entomology, 41, 226–235.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6055.2002.00300.x
Smith, D.R. (1988) A synopsis of the sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) of America south of the United States: Introduction, Xyelidae, Pamphiliidae, Cimbicidae, Diprionidae, Xiphydriidae, Siricidae, Orussidae, Cephidae. Systematic Entomology, 13, 205–261.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1365-3113.1988.tb00242.x
Smith, F. (1859) Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected at Celebes by Mr. A. R. Wallace. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 3, 132–178.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1859.tb00077.x
Togashi, I. (2000) Description of a new species of the genus Stiricorsia [sic] Konow (Hymenoptera: Orussidae) from Japan. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 102, 105–107.
Tosawa, N. & Sugihara, Y. (1934) Ueber eine neue Oryssus Arten aus Japan. Transactions of the Kansai Entomological Society, 5, 1–2. [in Japanese]
Vilhelmsen, L. (1996) The preoral cavity of lower Hymenoptera (Insecta): comparative morphology and phylogenetic significance. Zoologica Scripta, 25, 143–170.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1996.tb00156.x
Vilhelmsen, L. (2003) Phylogeny and classification of the Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera), a basal parasitic wasp taxon. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 139, 337–418.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00080.x
Vilhelmsen, L. (2004) The old wasp and the tree: fossils, phylogeny and biogeography in the Orussidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 82, 139–160.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00327.x
Vilhelmsen, L. (2016) A new species of Ophrella Middlekauff, 1985 (Hymenoptera, Orussidae) from French Guiana. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 51, 171–185.
https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.51.9075
Vilhelmsen, L. (2020) From hairpin to safety pin: evolution of the ovipositor apparatus in Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Zoomorphology, 139, 37–49.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-019-00468-y
Vilhelmsen, L., Blank, S.M., Costa, V.A., Alvarenga, T.M. & Smith, D.R. (2013) Phylogeny of the ophrynopine clade revisited: review of the parasitoid sawfly genera Ophrella Middlekauff, Ophrynopus Konow and Stirocorsia Konow (Hymenoptera: Orussidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 27, 450−483.
https://doi.org/10.1071/is13006
Vilhelmsen, L., Blank, S.M., Liu, Z. & Smith, D.R. (2014) Discovery of new species confirm oriental origin of Orussus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Orussidae). Insect Systematics & Evolution, 45, 51–91.
https://doi.org/10.1163/1876312X-00002087
Vilhelmsen, L., Blank, S.M., Sechi, D., Ndiaye, M.M., Niang, A.A., Guisse, A. & van Noort, S. (2017) The Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Africa. Proceedings of the entomological Society of Washington, 119, 879–930.
https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.119.SpecialIssue.879
Vilhelmsen, L., Isidoro, N., Romani, R., Basibuyuk, H.H. & Quicke, D.L.J. (2001) Host location and oviposition in a basal group of parasitic wasps: the subgenual organ, ovipositor apparatus, and associated structures in the Orussidae (Hymenoptera, Insecta). Zoomorphology, 121, 63–84.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s004350100046
Vilhelmsen, L. & Smith, D.R. (2002) Revision of the ‘ophrynopine’ genera Argentophrynopus, n. gen., Guiglia Benson, Kulcania Benson, Ophrella Middlekauff, Ophrynon Middlekauff, Ophrynopus Konow, and Stirocorsia Konow (Hymenoptera: Orussidae). Insect Systematics & Evolution, 33, 387–420.
https://doi.org/10.1163/187631202X00217
Vilhelmsen, L. & Zimmermann, D. (2014) Baltorussus total makeover: Rejuvenation and sex change in an ancient parasitoid wasp lineage. PLoS ONE, 9 (6), e98412.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098412
Westwood, J.O. (1874) ‘Thesaurus entomologicus Oxoniensis; or, illustrations of new, rare, and interesting insects, for the most part contained in the collection presented to the University of Oxford by the Rev. F.W. Hope, M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S. & c. with forty plates from drawings by the author.’ Clarendon Press, Oxford, xxiv + 205 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14077
Zhang, Q., Kopylov, D.S., Rasnitsyn, A.P., Zheng, Y. & Zhang, H. (2020) Burmorussidae, a new family of parasitic wasps (Insecta, Hymenoptera) from mid‐Cretaceous Burmese amber. Papers in Palaeontology, 1–11. [Earlyview, 30 April 2020]