Abstract
Wide nosed pygmy grasshoppers (Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae) are grasshoppers in which the frontal costa bifurcates into strongly divergent facial carinae, between which there is wide scutellum. Altogether seven genera and thirteen species inhabit India and Sri Lanka. Tribe Cladonotini is represented in this region by five genera and nine species (Cladonotus—4 spp., Deltonotus—2 spp., Gignotettix—1 sp., Hancockella—1 sp., and Yunnantettix—1 sp.), while the tribe Xerophyllini by two genera, Tettilobus (3 sp.) and Potua (1 sp.). For this Potua species it is not clear if it belongs to this genus. A simple identification key to Cladonotinae of India and Sri Lanka is provided. New synonyms are: Deltonotus humilis syn. nov., Epitettix tamilus syn. nov. and Potua aptera syn. nov., synonymous with Deltonotus gibbiceps. Deltonotus cristatus should be regarded nomen nudum. A new species, assigned to the genus Tettilobus is described from the Western Ghats of Kerala, Tettilobus trishula Skejo, Bhaskar et Stermšek sp. n. Furthermore, we present the first records of D. subcucullatus from India (Kerala).
References
Bhalerao, A.M., Naidu, N.M. & Paranjape, S.Y. (1987) Some observations on the nutrition—reproduction correlation in grouse locusts (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Animal Sciences, 96 (3), 323–327.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03180016
Bhaskar, D., Easa, P.S. & Hochkirch, A. (2018) Digitalisation of Indian Orthoptera types deposited in British Natural History Museum, London (NHM UK) and a checklist to Orthoptera of Kerala, India. Metaleptea, 38, 18–23.
Bhaskar, D., Easa, P.S., Sreejith, K.A., Skejo, J. & Hochkirch, A. (2019) Large scale burning for a threatened ungulate in a biodiversity hotspot is detrimental for grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera). Biodiversity and Conservation, 28 (12), 3221–3237.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01816-6
Blackith, R.E. (1988) The Tetrigidae (Orthoptera) of Sri Lanka. Entomologica Scandinavica, 30 (Supplement), 93–109.
Blackith, R.E. (1992) Tetrigidae (Insecta; Orthoptera) of Southeast Asia: Annotated catalogue with partial translated keys and bibliography. JAPAGA Press, Wicklow, 248 pp, key LI–LIV.
Bolívar, I. (1887) Essai sur les Acridiens de la tribu des Tettigidae. Annales de la Société Entomologiue de Belgique, 31, 175–313, 2 pls.
Bolívar, I. (1898) Contributions a l’etude des Acridiens especes de la Faune indo et austro-malaisienne du Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 39, 66–101.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9541
Bolívar, I. (1902) Ortópteros nuevos de España. Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, 2, 86–88.
Cigliano, M.M., Braun, H., Eades, D.C. & Otte, D. (2020) Orthoptera Species File. Version 5.0/5.0. Available from: http://Orthoptera.SpeciesFile.org (accessed 4 July 2020)
Deng, W.A. (2016) Taxonomic study of Tetrigoidea from China. PhD thesis, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 341 pp.
Deng, W.A. (2020) Taxonomic revision of the subfamily Cladonotinae (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from China with description of three new species. Zootaxa, 4789 (2), 403–440.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4789.2.5
Deng, W.A., Zheng, Z.M. & Wei, S.Z. (2007) Fauna of Tetrigoidea from Yunnan and Guangxi. Guangxi Science & Technology Press, Nanning, 458 pp.
Desutter-Grandcolas, L. & Jaiswara, R. (2012) Phalangopsidae crickets from the Indian Region (Orthoptera, Grylloidea), with the descriptions of new taxa, diagnoses for genera, and a key to Indian genera. Zootaxa, 3444 (1), 1–39.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3444.1.1
Devriese, H. (1991) Contribution a l’etude des Tetrigidae de Madagascar (Orthoptera). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Belge d’Entomologie, 127 (5–6), 119–131.
Devriese, H. (1996) Bijdrage tot de systematiek, morfologie en biologie van de West-Palearktische Tetrigidae. Nieuwsbrief / Lettre de contact Saltabel, 15, 2–38.
Devriese, H. (1999) Revision des Xerophyllini d’Afrique (Orthoptera Tetrigidae). Belgian Journal of Entomology, 1 (1), 21–99.
Fieber, F.X. (1845) Entomologische Monographien. Sieben Abhandlungen. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, 5 (3), 277–416, 10 pls.
Gosse, P.H. (1877) On Hancockia eudactylota, a genus and species of mollusks supposed to be new. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series, 4 20, 316–319.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937708682238
Günther, K. (1938) Revision der Acrydiinae, I. Sectiones Tripetalocerae, Discotettigiae, Lophotettigiae, Cleostratae, Bufonidae, Cladonotae, Scelimenae verae. Mitteilungen aus dem zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 23 (2), 299–437.
Günther, K. (1939) Revision der Acrydiinae (Orthoptera), III. Sectio Amorphopi (Metrodorae Bol. 1887, aut.). Abhandlungen und Berichte aus den Staatlichen Museen für Tierkunde und Völkerkunde in Dresden, Neue Folge, Series A, Zoology, 20 (1), 16–335.
Günther, K. (1942) Die Acrydiinae der Oxforder Universitats-Expedition nach Sarawak vom Jahre 1932. Eos, Revista española de Entomología, 18, 339–346, 6 figs.
Günther, K. (1979) Die Tetrigoidea von Afrika südlich der Sahara (Orthoptera: Caelifera). Beiträge zur Entomologie, 29 (1), 7–183.
Hancock, J.L. (1904) The Tettigidae of Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica, 2, 97–157.
Hancock, J.L. (1907a) Orthoptera Fam. Acridiidae. Subfamily Tetriginae. Genera Insectorum, 48, 1–79, 4 pls.
Hancock, J.L. (1907b) Studies of the Tetriginae (Orthoptera) in the Oxford University Museum. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1907, 213–244, 21 pls.
Hancock, J.L. (1909) Further studies of the Tetriginae (Orthoptera) in the Oxford University Museum. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1909, 387–426, 7 pls.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1909.tb02160.x
Hancock, J.L. (1915) V. Indian Tetriginae (Acrydiinae). Records of the Indian Museum, 11, 55–137.
Hebard, M. (1930) Acrydiinae (Orthoptera, Acrididae) of Southern India. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 36, 565–592.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.117940
Hollier, J. & Heads, S. (2014) The type specimens of Orthoptera described by American entomologists in the collection of the Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Genève. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 121 (1), 63–76.
Hollier, J. (2013) An annotated list of the Orthoptera (Insecta) species described by Henri de Saussure, with an account of the primary type material housed in the Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Genève. Part 4: The Acridomorpha excluding the superfamily Acridoidea. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 120 (2), 203–219.
ICZN [International Comission on the Zoological Nomenclature] (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4th Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50608
Kim, T.W. & Pham, H.T. (2014) Checklist of Vietnamese Orthoptera (Saltatoria). Zootaxa, 3811 (1), 53–82.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3811.1.3
Kirby, W.F. (1910) A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera (Orthoptera Saltatoria, Locustidae vel Acridiidae). The Trustees of the British Museum, London, 674 pp.
Kirby, W.F. (1914) Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Orthoptera (Acrididae). Taylor & Francis, London, 276 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.109305
Li, W., Boonmee, S., Eungwanichayapant, P.D. & Zha, L.S. (2018) Notes on Gibbotettix and Austrohancockia (Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae) with description of two new species. Entomological News, 127 (4), 303–314.
https://doi.org/10.3157/021.127.0401
Liang, G.Q. & Zheng, Z. (1998) Orthoptera Tetrigoidea. Fauna Sinica, Insecta. Science Press Beijing, 278 pp.
Liang, G.Q. (1990) Eine neue Gattung und neue Art der Tetrigidae von China (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Entomologische Nachrichten, 34 (5), 213–214
Liang, G.Q., Chen, Y.Q., Li, Q. & Chen, Y.L. (2009) A new genus and new species of Cladonotidae (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea) from Yunnan, China. Entomotaxonomia, 31 (4), 255–258.
Lin, L.L. & Zheng, Z.M. (2014) Taxonomic study of the genus Deltonotus Hancock (Orthoptera: Cladonotidae) with description of a new species. Zoological systematics, 39 (4), 576–578.
Muhammad, A.A., Tan, M.K., Abdullah, N.A., Azirun, M.S., Bhaskar, D. & Skejo, J. (2018) An annotated catalogue of the pygmy grasshoppers of the tribe Scelimenini Bolívar, 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with two new Scelimena species from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. Zootaxa, 4485 (1), 1–70. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4485.1.1
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., da Fonesca, G.A.B. & Kent, J. (2000) Biodiversity Hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403, 853–858.
https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501
Otte, D. (1997) Tetrigoidea and Tridactyloidea (Orthoptera: Caelifera) and Addenda to OSF. Vols. 1–5. Orthoptera Species File, 6, 1–261.
Otte, D. (1979 [1978]) The primary types of Orthoptera (Saltatoria, Blattodea, Phasmatodea, and Mantodea) at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 130, 26–87.
Paranjape, S.Y. & Bhalerao, A.M. (1985) Bioecological observations on a pigmy locust, Potua sabulosa Hancock (Tetrigidae: Orthoptera). Psyche, a Journal of Entomology, 92, 331–336.
https://doi.org/10.1155/1985/30570
París, M. (1994) Catálogo de tipos de ortopteroides (Insecta) de Ignacio Bolivar, I: Blattaria, Mantodea, Phasmoptera y Orthoptera (Stenopelmatoidea, Rhaphidophoroidea, Tettigonioidea, Grylloidea, Tetrigoidea). Eos, Revista española de Entomología, 69, 143–264.
Reynolds, J.D., Blackith, R.E. & Blackith, R.M. (1988) Dietary observations on some tetrigids (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from Sulawesi (Indonesia). Journal of Tropical Ecology, 4, 403–406.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467400003072
Sandrasagara, T.R. (1949 [1950]) A catalogue of the named Ceylonese Tetrigidae, Eumastacidae and Acrididae (Insecta: Orthoptera) in the collection of the Colombo Museum, with records of distribution. Records of the Indian Museum, 47, 135–157.
Saussure, H. (1861) Orthoptera nova americana (Diagnoses praeliminares). II. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée, 2 (13), 126–130 + 156–164 + 313–324 + 397–402.
Saussure, H. (1862[1861]) Etudes sur quelques orthoptères du Musée de Genève. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 4 (1), 469–494.
Scudder, S.H. (1897) Guide to the genera and classification of North American Orthoptera found north of Mexico, 1897, 1–87.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9189
Shishodia, M.S. (1991) Taxonomy and zoogeography of the Tetrigidae (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea) of north eastern India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Miscellaneous Publication, Occasional Paper, 140, 1–204.
Shishodia, M.S. (2007) Insecta: Orthoptera: Tetrigidae. Fauna of Mizoram. State (Mizoram) Fauna Series, Zoological Survey of India, 14, 217–229.
Shishodia, M.S., Chandra, K. & Gupta, S.K. (2010) An annotated checklist of Orthoptera (Insecta) from India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Miscellaneous Publication, Occasional Paper, 314, 1–366.
Singh, A. (1964) Revision of certain Pyrgomorphid genera previously included in the Orthacridini (Orthoptera), together with descriptions of closely related new genera. PhD thesis, McGill University, Montreal, 322 pp.
Skejo, J. & Bertner, P. (2017) No more dust and exoskeletons—in vivo photographic records provide new fata on Eufalconius pendleburyi Günther, 1938 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from the Titiwangsa Mts. Annales Zoologici, 67 (4), 665–672.
https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2017.67.4.003
Skejo, J., Gupta, S.K., Chandra, K., Panhwar, W.A. & Franjević, D. (2019) Oriental macropterous leaf-mimic pygmy grasshoppers—genera Oxyphyllum and Paraphyllum (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) and their taxonomic assignment. Zootaxa, 4590 (5), 546–560.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4590.5.3
Storozhenko, S. Yu. (2011) A new species of the genus Deltonotus Hancock, 1904 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae) from Vietnam. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 315 (4), 478–482.
Storozhenko, S. Yu. (2012) A new species of the genus Epitettix Hancock, 1907 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae) from Vietnam. Russian Entomological Journal, 21 (2), 185–187.
https://doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.21.2.12
Storozhenko, S. Yu. & Paik, J.C. (2011) Review of the genus Bidentatettix Zheng, 1992 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae, Cladonotinae). Korean journal of soil biology, 15, 48–52.
Storozhenko, S. Yu. & Pushkar, T.I. (2015) Taxonomic review of the genus Yunnantettix (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae) from the Oriental region. Vestnik Zoologii, 49 (3), 211–218.
https://doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2015-0023
Storozhenko, S. Yu. & Pushkar, T.I. (2017) A new genus of pygmy locusts (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae) from the Malay Peninsula. Annales Zoologici, 67 (1), 47–53.
https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2017.67.1.006
Storozhenko, S. Yu. & Dawwrueng, P. (2015) New and little-known pygmy grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from Thailand. Zootaxa, 4052 (5), 527–554.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4052.5.2
Tumbrinck, J. (2014) Taxonomic revision of the Cladonotinae (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from the islands of South-East Asia and from Australia, with general remarks to the classification and morphology of the Tetrigidae and descriptions of new genera and species from New Guinea and New Caledonia. In: Telnov, D. (Ed.), Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea. Vol. 2. Latvian Entomological Society, Riga, pp. 345–396, 28 pl.
Tumbrinck, J., Deranja, M., Adžić, K., Pavlović, M. & Skejo, J. (2020) Cockscomb-shaped twighopper, Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n., a new and rare pygmy grasshopper species from Sri Lanka (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae). Zootaxa, 4821 (2), 333–342.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4821.2.5
Uvarov, B.P. (1927) Distributional records of Indian Acrididae. Records of the Indian Museum, 29, 233–239.
Uvarov, B.P. (1940) Twenty-eight new generic names in Orthoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History London, Series 11, 5 (26), 173–176.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222934008527035
Vickery, V.L. (1996) Primary types and type designations of insects in the Lyman Entomological Museum. Notes of the Lyman Entomological Museum and Research Laboratory, 19, 2–11.
Wagan, M.S. & Kevan, D.K. (1992) Studies on some Tetrigidae (Orthoptera) from India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Tropical Zoology, 5 (2), 167–194.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.1992.10539191
Walker, F. (1871) s.n. In: Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum. The Trustees of the British Museum, London, 5, pp. 811–850.
Wiedemann, C.R.W. (1830) Achias dipterorum genus a Fabricio condituum; illustratum novisque speciebus auctum et conventui physicorum Germanorum oblantum. C.F. Mohr, Kiliae Holsatorum, 16 pp, 2 pl.
Willemse, C.M.J. (1928) Revision des Acridiodea, décrites par De Haan, avec descriptions de nouvelles espèces. Zoologische Mededelingen, 11 (1), 1–27.
Willemse, C.M.J. (1930) Fauna Sumatrensis (Bijdrage Nr. 62): Preliminary revision of the Acrididae (Orthoptera). Overgedrukt uit het Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 73, 1–210.
Yin, X.C., Shi, J. & Yin, Z. (1996) Synonymic Catalogue of Grasshoppers and their Allie sof the World (Orthoptera: Caelifera). China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 1266 pp.
Zha, L.S., Yu, F., Boonmee, S., Eungwanichayapant, P.D. & Wen, T. (2017) A new species of the genus Scelimena (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) in Thailand and notes on its biology and ecology. Entomological News, 126 (5), 372–382.
https://doi.org/10.3157/021.126.0505
Zha, L.S., Wen, T., Boonmee, S. & Eungwanichayapant, P.D. (2016) Notes on the genus Yunnantettix Zheng (Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand. Zootaxa, 4205 (4), 373–385.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4205.4.6
Zheng, Z.M. (1995) New genera and new species of Cladonotinae from China (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 20 (3), 342–347.
Zheng, Z.M. (2005) Fauna of Tetrigoidea from Western China. Science Press, Beijing, 501 pp. [in Chinese with English summary]
Zheng, Z.M. & Liu, L.L. (2016) A new species in the genus Epitettix Hancock (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea: Cladonotidae) from Yunnan Province. Entomotaxonomia, 31 (1), 1–4.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11515-005-0015-2
Zheng, Z.M. & Liang, G.Q. (1985) Studies on the Tetrigidae from China. Entomotaxonomia, 7 (1), 51–56.