Abstract
Félix de Azara described five species of “Alondra” in his seminal work on birds of Paraguay in 1805. Two of these are pipits Anthus: No. 146 Alondra Chií and No. 147 Alondra Correndera. Vieillot (1818) then formally described the two based entirely on Azaraʼs descriptions, respectively Anthus chii and Anthus correndera. The former has long been considered unidentifiable, though it has also been used frequently as a valid name for the Yellowish Pipit Anthus lutescens. The latter of the two names has been in valid usage since its description for the Correndera Pipit A. correndera of southern and Andean South America. In this paper we confirm that the description of No. 146 Alondra Chií is clearly identifiable and Anthus chii is the valid name for the Yellowish Pipit under the Principle of Priority, and Anthus turdinus of Merrem is a junior synonym of it. The description No. 147 Alondra Correndera is shown to refer to Ochre-breasted Pipit A. nattereri and not A. correndera as currently understood. However, the two names have been in constant usage for their respective species since their description, and thus we designate a neotype of the Correndera Pipit for current A. correndera under Article 75.6 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to conserve current usage and avoid unnecessary nomenclatural confusion.
References
Azara, F. de (1805) Apuntamientos para la Historia Natural de los Páxaros del Paraguay y Rio de la Plata. Tomo 2. Imprenta de la Viuda Ibarra, Madrid, 562 pp.
Berlepsch, H. von (1887) Appendix systematisches verzeichniss in der Republik Paraguay bisher beobachteten vogelarten. Journal für Ornithologie, 35, 113‒134.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02006191
Bertoni, A. de W. (1901) Aves nuevas del Paraguay. Continuación a Azara. Anales Científicos Paraguayos, 1, 1‒216.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13398
Bertoni, A. de W. (1913) Sobre aves del Paraguay, poco conocidas. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 17, 217‒223.
Bertoni, A. de W. (1939) Catálogos sistemáticos de los vertebrados del Paraguay. Revista de la Sociedad Científica del Paraguay, 4, 3‒60.
Buffon, C. (1799) Histoire naturelle. Oiseaux tome cinquième. Didot, Paris, 456 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.64910
Canevari, M., Canevari, P., Carrizo, G.R., Harris, G., Rodríguez Mata, J. & Straneck, R.J. (1991) Nueva Guia de las Aves Argentinas. Tomo 2. Fundación ACINDAR, Buenos Aires, 497 pp.
Contreras, J.R., González-Romero, N. & Berry, L.M. (1990) Lista preliminar de la avifauna de la República del Paraguay. Cuadernos Técnicos Félix de Azara, 2, 1‒42.
Daubenton, M. (1799) Planches enluminées d’histoire naturelle. s.n., Paris, 1003 pp., 1 fig., 738 pls.
del Castillo, H., Clay, R., Lesterhuis, A. & Smith, P. (2015) Species lists of birds for South American countries and territories: Paraguay. Version 2 September 2015. Available from: http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm (accessed 11 March 2020)
Gill, F., Donsker, D. & Rasmussen, P. (2021) IOC World Bird List. Version 11.1. Available from: https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/ (accessed 8 February 2021)
https://doi.org/10.14344/IOC.ML.11.1
Gmelin, J.F. (1789) Systema Naturae. Vol. 1. Part 2. 13th Edition. impensis Georg. Emanuel. Beer, Lipsiae, 531 pp.
Guyra Paraguay (2004) Lista Comentada de las Aves del Paraguay. Guyra Paraguay, Asunción, 200 pp.
Hall, B.P. (1961) The taxonomy and identification of pipits (genus Anthus). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History Zoology, 7, 245‒289.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.21963
Hartert, E. & Venturi, S. (1909) Note sur les oiseuax de la Republique Argentine. Novitates Zoologicae, 16, 159‒267.
Hartlaub, C.J.G. (1847) Systematischer Index zu Don Félix du Azara´s Apuntamientos para la Historia Natural de los Páxaros del Paraguay y Río de la Plata. Schünemann, Bremen, 34 pp.
Hayes, F. (1995) Status, Distribution and Biogeography of the Birds of Paraguay. American Birding Assocation, Monographs in Field Ornithology. Vol. 1. American Birding Assocation, Albany, New York, 230 pp.
Hellmayr, C.E. (1921) Remarques sur les especes néotropicales du genre Anthus. El Hornero, 2, 180‒192.
Hellmayr, C.E. (1935) Catalogue of the birds of the Americas Part 8. Field Museum of Natural History Publication, No. 347, Zoological Series, 13, 1‒541.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4th Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, The Natural History Museum, London, 126 pp.
Laubmann, A. (1939) Die Vögel von Paraguay I. Strecker und Schröder Verlag, Stuttgart, 246 pp.
Lesson, M.R.P. (1839) Description de treize oiseaux nouveaux, suivies de rectifications sur quelques espèces déjà publiées. Revue Zoologique, 2, 100‒104.
Mayr, E. & Greenway, J.C. (1960) Check-list of the Birds of the World. A Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters. Vol. 9. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachussetts, 506 pp.
Merrem, B. (1820) Anthus turdinus. In: Ersch, J.S. & Gruber, J.G. (Eds.), Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Künste. Vol. 4. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 290.
Narosky, T. & Yzurieta, D. (1993) Birds of Argentina and Uruguay. A Field Guide. Vazquez Mazzini Editores, Buenos Aires, 335 pp.
Narosky, T. & Yzurieta, D. (2003) Guía para la Identificación de las Aves de Argentina y Uruguay. Edición de Oro. Vázquez Mazzini Editores, Buenos Aires, 431 pp.
d’Orbigny, A. & Lafresnaye, A. (1837) Synopsis Avium. Magasin de Zoologie, 7 (2), 1‒88.
Partridge, W.H. (1954) Estudio preliminar sobre una colección de aves de Misiones. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, 3, 88‒153.
Pelzeln, A. von (1871) Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835. A. Pichlers Witwe & Sohn, Wien, 462 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3654
Pereya, J.A. (1945) La Obra Ornitológica de Don Félix de Azara. Biblioteca Americana, Buenos Aires, 140 pp.
Pucheran, M. (1855) Mémoire sur les types peu connus de passeraux dentirostres de la collection du Musée de Paris. Archives du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle Paris, 7, 321‒380.
Ridgely, R.S. & Tudor, G. (1989) The Birds of South America. Volume 1. The Oscine Passerines. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 516 pp.
Ridgway, R. (1904) The birds of Middle and North America Part 3. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 50, 1‒801.
Schade, F. & Masi Pallarés, R. (1971) Las Aves del Paraguay y un Indice 5a Parte. Revista Paraguaya de Microbiología, 6, 103‒128.
Sclater, P.L. (1878) Preliminary remarks on the Neotropical pipits. Ibis, 2 (4), 356‒367.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1878.tb07047.x
Smith, P. & Clay, R.P. (2021) B.O.U. Annotated Checklist of the Birds of Paraguay. British Ornithologists Union, Peterborough. [in preparation]
Smith, P. & Clay, R.P. (2015) New and noteworthy bird records from “Área de Reserva para Parque Nacional San Rafael (Caazap and Itapúa departments, Paraguay). Paraquaria Natural, 3 (2), 22‒26.
Tyler, S.J. (2004) Family Motacillidae (Pipits and Wagtails). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Christie, D. (Eds.), Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 9. Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, pp. 686‒786.
Van Els, P. & Norambuena, H. V. (2018) A revision of species limits in Neotropical pipits Anthus based on multilocus genetic and vocal data. Ibis, 160, 158‒172.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12511
Vieillot, J.P. (1818) Nouveau dictionnaire d’histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l’agriculture, à l’économie rurale et domestique, à la médicine, etc. par una société de naturalistes et d’agriculteurs. Tome 26. Nouvelle Édition. Deterville, Paris, 584 pp.
Voelker, G. (1999) Molecular evolutionary relationships in the avian genus Anthus (Pipits: Motacillidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 11, 84‒94.
https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1998.0555
Zimmer, J.T. (1952) A new subspecies of pipit from Argentina and Paraguay. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 65, 31‒34.
Zimmer, J.T. (1953) Studies of Peruvian Birds. No. 65. The jays (Corvidae) and pipits (Motacillidae). American Museum of Natural History Novitates, 1649, 1‒28.