Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2021-04-06
Page range: 259–282
Abstract views: 123
PDF downloaded: 15

The endless search for type specimens; illustrations of eleven spider (Araneae, Mygalomorphae) species described by Eugène Simon

Zoological Museum, Center of Natural History, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany. Research Associate, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, U.S.A.
Fundación OTONGA, Calle Rither y Bolivia Quito, Ecuador.
Araneae holotype type designation taxonomy South America

Abstract

French arachnologist Eugène Simon is considered one of the most prolific arachnologists of all time. Unfortunately, Simon often provided very short descriptions with or without illustrations which makes recognition of his species difficult for subsequent taxonomists. Eugène Simon described 3,789 species of spiders in his career, and most of his type specimens are assumed to be held in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris, France. We present here the images of eleven Mygalomorphae species described by E. Simon that were never thoroughly illustrated: Cyrtaucheniidae: Fufius albovittatus, F. atramentarius, F. ecuadorensis; Dipluridae: Masteria cavicola, Diplura riveti, and Linothele soricina; Halonoproctidae: Ummidia asperula; Idiopidae: Idiops argus, I. fulvipes, I. opifex and Theraphosidae: Heterothele caudicula.

 

References

  1. Álvarez-Padilla, F. & Hormiga, G. (2007) A protocol for digesting internal soft tissues and mount­ing spiders for scanning electron microscopy. Journal of Arachnology, 35, 538–542.

    https://doi.org/10.1636/Sh06-55.1

    Ausserer, A. (1871) Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Arachniden-Familie der Territelariae Thorell (Mygalidae Autor). Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 21, 117–224, pl. I.

    Ayoub, N.A., Garb, J.E., Hedin, M. & Hayashi, C.Y. (2007) Utility of the nuclear protein-coding gene, elongation factor-1 gamma (EF-1γ), for spider systematics, emphasizing family level relationships of tarantulas and their kin (Araneae: Mygalomorphae). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 42, 394–409.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.07.018

    Berland, L. (1913) Araignées. In: Gauthier-Villars et Cie (Eds.), Mission du Service géographique de l’armée pour la mesure d’un arc du méridien équatorial en Amérique du Sud (1899-1906). Tome 10. Ministère de l´instruction publique, Paris, pp. 78–119.

    Bond, J.E. (2004) Systematics of the Californian euctenizine spider genus Apomastus (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Cyrtaucheniidae): the relationship between molecular and morphological taxonomy. Invertebrate Systematics, 18, 361–376.

    https://doi.org/10.1071/is04008

    Bond, J.E., Hedin, M.C, Ramirez, M.G. & Opell, B.D. (2001) Deep molecular divergence in the absence of morphological and ecological change in the Californian coastal dune endemic trapdoor spider Aptostichus simus. Molecular Ecology, 10, 899–910.

    https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01233.x

    Bond, J.E., Hendrixson, B.E., Hamilton, C.A. & Hedin, M. (2012) A reconsideration of the classification of the spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Arachnida: Araneae) based on three nuclear genes and morphology. PLoS One, 7, e38753.

    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038753

    Bücherl, W., Timotheo da Costa, A. & Lucas, S. (1971) Revisão de alguns tipos de aranhas caranguejeiras (Orthognatha) estabelecidos por Cândido de Mello-Leitão e depositados no Museu Nacional do Rio. Memórias do Instituto Butantan, 35, 117–138.

    Coyle, F.A. (1995) A revision of the funnelweb mygalomorph spider subfamily Ischnothelinae (Araneae, Dipluridae). Bulletin of the AMNH, 226, 1–133.

    Dupérré, N. & Harms, D. (2018) Raising the dead: rediscovery and redescription of some lost spider types (Araneae) described by Eugène Simon. Evolutionary Systematics, 2, 1–20.

    https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.2.24122

    Dupérré, N. & Tapia, E. (2020) Megadiverse Ecuador: a review of Mysmenopsis (Araneae, Mysmenidae) of Ecuador, with the description of twenty-one new kleptoparasitic spider species. Zootaxa, 4761 (1), 1–81.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4761.1.1

    Ferretti, N., Peìrez-Miles, F. & Gonzaìlez, A. (2014) Historical relationships among Argentinean biogeographic provinces based on mygalomorph spider distribution data (Araneae: Mygalomorphae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 49, 1–10.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2014.903616

    Gabriel, R. (2016) Revised taxonomic placement of the species in the Central American genera Davus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1892, Metriopelma Becker, 1878, and Schizopelma F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897, with comments on species in related genera (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arachnology, 17 (2), 61–92.

    https://doi.org/10.13156/arac.2006.17.2.61

    Gerschman de P., B.S. & Schiapelli, R.D. (1973) La subfamilia Ischnocolinae (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Entomology, 4, 43–77.

    Goloboff, P.A. (1993) A reanalysis of mygalomorph spider families (Araneae). American Museum Novitates, 3056, 1–32.

    Hedin, M. & Bond, J.E. (2006) Molecular phylogenetics of the spider infraorder Mygalomorphae using nuclear rRNA genes (18S and 28S): Conflict and agreement with the current system of classification. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 41, 454–471.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.017

    Hedin, M., Starrett, J. & Hayashi, C. (2013) Crossing the uncrossable: novel trans-valley biogeographic patterns revealed in the genetic history of low-dispersal mygalo- morph spiders (Antrodiaetidae, Antrodiaetus) from California. Molecular Ecology, 22, 508–526.

    https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12130

    Hedin, M., Derkarabetian, S., Ramírez, M.J., Vink, C. & Bond, J.E. (2018) Phylogenomic reclassification of the world’s most venomous spiders (Mygalomorphae, Atracinae), with implications for venom evolution. Scientific Reports, 8, 1636.

    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19946-2

    Hendrixson, B. E., & Bond, J. E. (2005) Two sympatric species ofAntrodiaetus from south- western North Carolina (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Antrodiaetidae). Zootaxa, 872 (1), 1.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.872.1.1

    Janowski-Bell, M.E. & Horner, N.V. (1990) Movement of the male brown tarantula, Aphonopelma hentzi (Araneae, Theraphosidae), using radio telemetry. Journal of Arachnolgy, 27, 503–512.

    Opatova, V., Hamilton, C.A., Hedin, M., Montes de Oca, L., Král, J. & Bond, J.E. (2020) Phylogenetic systematics and evolution of the spider infraorder Mygalomorphae using genomic scale data Systematic Biology, 69 (4), 671–707.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz064

    Passanha, V. & Brescovit, A.D. (2018) On the Neotropical spider subfamily Masteriinae (Araneae, Dipluridae). Zootaxa, 4463 (1), 1–73.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4463.1.1

    Pérez-Miles, F., Lucas, S.M., Silva Jr., P.I. da & Bertani, R. (1996) Systematic revision and cladistic analysis of Theraphosinae (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Mygalomorph, 1, 33–68.

    Platnick, N.I. & Raven, R.J. (2013) Spider Systematics: Past and Future. Zootaxa, 3683 (5), 595–600.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3683.5.8

    Raven, R.J. (1985) The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): Cladistics and systematics. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 182, 1–180.

    Raven, R.J. (2010) A review of the Mygalomorphae: biology, morphology and systematics. Book of Abstracts of the 18th International Congress of Arachnology, Siedle, Poland, 11–17 July 2010. [unknown pagination]

    Simon, E. (1886) Arachnides recueillis en 1882-1883 dans la Patagonie méridionale, de Santa Cruz à Punta Arena, par M. E. Lebrun, attaché comme naturaliste à la Mission du passage de Vénus. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, 11, 558–577.

    Simon, E. (1888) Études arachnologiques. 21e Mémoire. XXIX. Descriptions d’espèces et de genres nouveaux de l’Amérique centrale et des Antilles. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, Series 6, 8, 203–216.

    Simon, E. (1889g) Révision des Aviculariidae de la République de l’Ecuador. Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, 42, 399–404.

    Simon, E. (1889m) Arachnides. In: Voyage de M. E. Simon au Venezuela (décembre 1887-avril 1888). 4e Mémoire. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 6 (9), 169–220.

    Simon, E. (1891) Études arachnologiques. 23e Mémoire. XXXVIII. Descriptions d’espèces et de genres nouveaux de la famille des Aviculariidae. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 60, 300–312.

    Simon, E. (1892a) Histoire naturelle des araignées. Deuxième édition, tome premier. Roret, Paris, 256 pp.

    https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51973

    Simon, E. (1892c) Arachnides. In: Raffrey, A., Bolivar, I. & Simon, E., Études cavernicoles de l’île Luzon. Voyage de M. E. Simon aux l’îles Phillipines (mars et avril 1890). 4e Mémoire. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 61, pp. 35–52.

    Simon, E. (1892e) On the spiders of the island of St. Vincent. Part 1. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 549–575, Pl. XLII.

    Simon, E. (1903a) Histoire naturelle des araignées. Deuxième édition, tome second. Roret, Paris, pp. 669–1080.

    Simon, E. (1903j) Études arachnologiques. 34e Mémoire. LVI. Descriptions de deux espèces nouvelles de la famille des Avicularides recueillis dans l’Ecuador par M. le Dr Rivet et faisant partie des collections du Muséum de Paris. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 72, 314.

    Stockman, A.K., Beamer, D.A. & Bond, J.E. (2005) An evaluation of a GARP model as an approach to predicting the spatial distribution of non-vagile invertebrate species.

    Diversity and Distributions, 12, 81–89.

    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00225.x

    Wheeler, W.C., Coddington, J.A., Crowley, L.M., Dimitrov, D., Goloboff, P.A., Griswold, C.E., Hormiga, G., Prendini, L., Ramirez, M.J. & Sierwald, P. (2017) The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling. Cladistics, 33, 574–616.

    https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12182

    World Spider Catalog (2020) World Spider Catalog. Version 21.5. Natural History Museum Bern, Bern. Available from: http://wsc.nmbe.ch (accessed 5 December 2020)