Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2021-06-04
Page range: 241–274
Abstract views: 240
PDF downloaded: 13

Taxonomy of the Panorpa guttata group (Mecoptera: Panorpidae), with descriptions of fourteen new species from China

College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, P.R. China.
Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, P.R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali, Yunnan, 671003, P.R. China. The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali University, Yunnan, 671003, P.R. China.
Mecoptera biodiversity fauna new species scorpionflies taxonomy Oriental Region

Abstract

Panorpa Linnaeus, 1758 is the largest genus in the scorpionfly family Panorpidae. It is considered a paraphyletic taxon and needs further revisions. In this paper, we present a taxonomic study of the Panorpa guttata group, including 23 closely related species, with fourteen species new to science: Panorpa caoweii Wang, sp. n., Panorpa dali Wang, sp. n., Panorpa duanyu Wang & Gong, sp. n., Panorpa hani Wang, sp. n., Panorpa hirundo Wang, sp. n., Panorpa huangguiqiangi Wang, sp. n., Panorpa jiangrixini Wang, sp. n., Panorpa jinfoshana Wang, sp. n., Panorpa latiloba Wang, sp. n., Panorpa nanzhao Wang, sp. n., Panorpa stella Wang, sp. n., Panorpa substricta Wang, sp. n., Panorpa xiaofeng Wang & Gong, sp. n., and Panorpa xuzhu Wang & Gong, sp. n. We also provide a distributional map, keys to species, and discussions regarding the taxonomic implications and biological information of the P. guttata group.

 

References

  1. Bicha, W. (2006) New scorpionflies (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) from Jalisco, Michoacan, and Oaxaca, Mexico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 108, 24–34.

    Bicha, W. (2018) Biodiversity of Mecoptera. In: Foottit, R.G. & Adler, P.H. (Eds.), Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society, II. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, pp. 705–720.

    https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118945582.ch23

    Bicha, W. (2019) Scorpionflies (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) collected during Project Tiger with the description of three new species from Thailand. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 95, 49–63.

    https://doi.org/10.3956/2019-95.2.49

    Byers, G.W. (1996) Descriptions and distributional records of American Mecoptera. IV. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 55, 519–547.

    https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.782

    Byers, G.W. (1997) Four puzzling new species of mecoptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 99, 681–692.

    Byers, G.W. (2000) Four new Mecoptera from Mexico. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 73, 77–83.

    Byers, G.W. (2002a) Mecoptera from Taiwan. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 75, 252–258.

    Byers, G.W. (2002b) Scorpionflies, haningflies, and other Mecoptera. The Kansas School Naturalist, 48, 252–258.

    Byers, G.W. (2009) Mecoptera: scorpionflies, hangingflies. In: Resh, V.H. & Cardé, R.T. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Insects. Second Edition. Academic Press, Cambridge, pp. 611–614.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374144-8.00170-3

    Byers, G.W. (2011) Additions to the Mecoptera of Mexico. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 84, 1–11.

    https://doi.org/10.2317/JKES080923.1

    Cai, L.-J., Huang, P.-Y. & Hua, B.-Z. (2008) Sinopanorpa, a new genus of Panorpidae (Mecoptera) from the Oriental China with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa, 1941 (1), 43–54.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1941.1.4

    Carpenter, F.M. (1931) Revision of the Nearctic Mecoptera. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 72, 205–277.

    https://doi.org/10.2307/20023217

    Cheng, F.Y. (1957) Revision of the Chinese Mecoptera. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 116, 1–118.

    Chou, I., Ran, R.-B. & Wang, S.-M. (1981) Studies on the classification of Chinese Mecoptera (I, II). Entomotaxonomia, 3, 1–18.

    Chou, I., Wang, S.-M., Li, Z.-D. & Tong, X.W. (1987) New species of Mecoptera from Hunan Province (I)—Studies on the Classification of Chinese Mecoptera (III). Entomotaxonomia, 9, 201–212.

    Dunford, J.C. & Somma, L.A. (2008) Scorpionfies (Mecoptera). In: Capinera, J.L. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Entomology. Second Edition. Vol. 4. S-Z. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 3304–3310.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4077

    Ennos, A.R. & Wootton, R.J. (1989) Functional wing morphology and aerodynamics of Panorpa germanica (Insecta: Mecoptera). Journal of Experimental Biology, 143, 267–284.

    https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.143.1.267

    Esben-Petersen, P. (1915) A synonymic list of the order Mecoptera together with descriptions of new species. Entomologiska Meddelelser,10, 216–242.

    Esben-Petersen, P. (1921) Mecoptera. Monographic revision: collections zoologiques du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps. Catalogue Systématique et Descriptif, 5, 1–172.

    Fu, Q. & Hua, B.-Z. (2009) A new species of Panorpa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) from Yunnan, China. Entomotaxonomia, 31, 201–205.

    Gao C., Ma, N. & Hua, B.-Z. (2016) Cerapanorpa, a new genus of Panorpidae (Insecta: Mecoptera) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa, 4158 (1), 93–104.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4158.1.5

    Hu, G.-L., Yan, G., Xu, H. & Hua, B.-Z. (2015) Molecular phylogeny of Panorpidae (Insecta: Mecoptera) based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 85, 22–31.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.01.009

    Hua, B.-Z. & Cai, L.-J. (2009) A new species of the genus Panorpa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) from China with notes on its biology. Journal of Natural History, 43, 545–552.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930802610519

    Hua, B.-Z. & Chou, I. (1998) Panorpidae (Mecoptera) in Hainan Island. Entomotaxonomia, 20, 133–139.

    Hua, Y., Tao, S.-H. & Hua, B.-Z. (2018) An enigmatic new species of Panorpa Linneaus from the Bashan Mountains (Mecoptera, Panorpidae). Zookeys, 777, 109–118.

    https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.777.26056

    Issiki, S. (1933) Morphological studies on the Panorpidae of Japan and adjoining countries and comparison with American and European forms. Japanese Journal of Zoology, 4, 315–416.

    Jiang, L., Hua, Y., Hu, G.-L. & Hua, B.-Z. (2019) Habitat divergence shapes the morphological diversity of larval insects: insights from scorpionflies. Scientific Reports, 9, 12708.

    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49211-z

    Ma, N. & Hua, B.-Z. (2011) Furcatopanorpa, a new genus of Panorpidae (Mecoptera) from China. Journal of Natural History, 45, 2251–2261.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2011.595517

    MacLachlan, R. (1875) XI. A sketch of our present knowledge of the neuropterous fauna of Japan (excluding Odonata and Trichoptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 23, 167–190.

    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1875.tb01906.x

    Miao, Y., Wang, J.-S. & Hua, B.-Z. (2019) Molecular phylogeny of the scorpionflies Panorpidae (Insecta: Mecoptera) and chromosomal evolution. Cladistics, 35, 385–400.

    https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12357

    Mickoleit, G. (1971) Zur phylogenetischen und funktionellen Bedeutung der sogenannten Notalorgane der Mecoptera (Insecta, Mecoptera). Zeitschrift für Morphologie der Tiere, 69, 1–8.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00294385

    Mickoleit, G. (1975) Die Genital- und Postgenitalsegmente der Mecoptera-Weivchen (Insecta, Holometabola) I. Das Exoskelet. Zeitschrift für Morphologie der Tiere, 80, 97–135.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00281741

    Mickoleit, G. (1976) Die Genital- und Postgenitalsegmente der Mecoptera-Weibchen (Insecta, Holometabola) II. Das Dach der Geritalkammer. Zoomorphologie, 85, 133–156.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00995408

    Misof, B., Erpenbeck, D. & Sauer, K.P. (2000) Mitochondrial gene fragments suggest paraphyly of the genus Panorpa (Mecoptera, Panorpidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 17, 76–84.

    https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2000.0817

    Navás, L. (1908) Neuropteros nuevos. Memorias de la real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, 3, 401–423.

    Palmer, C.M. (2010) Diversity of feeding strategies in adult Mecoptera. Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews, 3, 111–128.

    https://doi.org/10.1163/187498310X519716

    Penny, N.D. & Byers, G.W. (1979) A check-list of the Mecoptera of the world. Acta Amazonica, 9, 365–388.

    https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921979092365

    Rust, M.K. & Byers, G.W. (1976) The Mecoptera of India and adjacent regions. The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 51, 19–90.

    Thornhill, R. (1975) Scorpionflies as kleptoparasites of web-building spiders. Nature, 258, 709–711.

    https://doi.org/10.1038/258709b0

    Thornhill, R. (1980) Rape in Panorpa scorpionflies and a general rape hypothesis. Animal Behaviour, 28, 52–59.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(80)80007-8

    Thornhill, R. & Sauer, K.P. (1991) The notal organ of the scorpionfly (Panorpa vulgaris): An adaptation to coerce mating duration. Behavioral Ecology, 2, 156–164.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/2.2.156

    Tong, X. & Hua, B.-Z. (2019) Nuptial feeding and genital coupling of Neopanorpa scorpionflies (Insecta: Mecoptera: Panorpidae) with notal organs of various lengths. Contributions to Zoology, 88, 498–512.

    https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-20191409 van der Weele, H.W. (1909) Mecoptera and Planipennia of Insulinde. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 31, 1–100. Wang, J.-S., Gao, X.-T. & Hua, B.-Z. (2019) Two new species of the genus Panorpa (Mecoptera, Panorpidae) from eastern China and a new synonym. Zookeys, 874, 149–164.

    https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.36314

    Wang, J.-S. & Hua, B.-Z. (2016) Two new species of the genus Panorpa Linnaeus (Mecoptera, Panorpidae) from Yunnan, China. Zookeys, 587, 151–162.

    https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.587.7674

    Wang, J.-S. & Hua, B.-Z. (2017) An annotated checklist of the Chinese Mecoptera with description of male Panorpa guttata Navás, 1908. Entomotaxonomia, 39, 24–42.

    https://doi.org/10.11680/ entomotax.2017003

    Wang, J.-S. & Hua, B.-Z. (2018) A Color Atlas of the Chinese Mecoptera. Henan Science and Technology Press, Zhengzhou, 351 pp.

    Wang, J.-S. & Hua, B.-Z. (2019a) Megapanorpa, a new genus with a single anal horn in males from oriental China (Mecoptera: Panorpidae). Entomological Science, 22, 64–79.

    https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12336

    Wang, J.-S. & Hua, B.-Z. (2019b) Taxonomy of the genus Neopanorpa van der Weele, 1909 (Mecoptera, Panorpidae) from the Oriental Region, with the description of two new species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 543, 1–17.

    https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2019.543

    Wang, J.-S. & Hua, B.-Z. (2020) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the enigmatic scorpionfly genus Leptopanorpa MacLachlan (Mecoptera: Panorpidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. [publishend online]

    https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12363

    Wang, J.-S. & Hua, B.-Z. (2021) Morphological phylogeny of Panorpidae (Mecoptera: Panorpoidea). Systematic Entomology. [in press]

    https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12474

    Westwood, O. (1841) A monograph of the genus Panorpa, together with descriptions of species of various allied genera. Annales and Magazine of Natural History, Series I, 8, 298–300.

    Willmann, R. (1989) Evolution und phylogenetisches System der Mecoptera (Insecta: Holometabola). Abhandlungen der Senckenber-gischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 554, 1–153.

    Zhong, W., Ding, G. & Hua, B.-Z. (2015a) The role of male’s anal horns in copulation of a scorpionfly. Journal of Zoology, 295, 170–177.

    https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12194

    Zhong, W. & Hua, B.-Z. (2013a) Dicerapanorpa, a new genus of East Asian Panorpidae (Insecta: Mecoptera: Panorpidae) with descriptions of two new species. Journa of Natural History, 47, 1019–1046.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.752540

    Zhong, W. & Hua, B.-Z. (2013b) Mating behaviour and copulatory mechanism in the scorpionfly Neopanorpa longiprocessa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae). PLoS ONE, 8, e74781.

    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074781

    Zhong, W., Qi, Z.-Y. & Hua, B.-Z. (2015b) Atypical mating in a scorpionfly without a notal organ. Contributions to Zoology, 84, 305–315.

    https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08404003

    Zhou, X. & Zhou, W.-B. (2007) Mecoptera. In: Li, Z.-Z. & Jin, D.-C. (Eds.), Insects from Leigongshan Landscape. Guizhou Science and Technology Publishing House, Guiyang. pp. 450–456.

    Zhou, X. & Zhou, W.-B. (2010) Mecoptera. In: Chen, X.-S., Li, Z.Z. & Jin, D.-C. (Eds.), Insects from Mayanghe Landscape. Guizhou Science and Technology Publishing House, Guiyang, pp. 56–58.