Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 4990 No. 1: 18 Jun. 2021
Type: Article
Published: 2021-06-18
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4990.1.3
Page range: 45-64
Abstract views: 456
PDF downloaded: 21

New and interesting palpigrades (Arachnida, Palpigradi) of the genera Koeneniodes Silvestri, 1913 and Prokoenenia Börner, 1901 from Asia

Natural History Research Center, Shanghai Natural History Museum, Shanghai Science & Technology Museum, Shanghai, 200041, China.
2Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterrânea, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG. CEP 37200-000, Brazil.
Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA. jgmayoral@hotmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8813-6804 Grupo de Investigación Protección Vegetal de Cultivos, CITE II-B, Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain.
Arachnida Palpigradi China Tibet soil fauna troglobite

Abstract

Two new species of palpigrades are described: a soil-dwelling species of the genus Koeneniodes Silvestri, 1913 from a broadleaf forest in Tibet and an extraordinary cave-dwelling species from Jinhua cave in China belonging to Prokoenenia Börner, 1901. Koeneniodes tibetanus sp. n. is related to Koeneniodes spiniger from Thailand. The two species share the presence of four thick and spiniform setae on the second lobe of the female genitalia; they differ in the number of thick setae on opisthosomal sternite IV, the number of cheliceral teeth, the coxal setal formula, and the morphology of the spiniform setae. Prokoenenia sarcodactylica sp. n. is based on an immature female from Jinhua Cave, Beijing. The presence of 18 finger-shaped blades in the lateral organs—unique among palpigrades –, the large body size (2150 μm) and the extremely long basitarsus IV (205 μm) indicate that the new species is the first undoubtedly cave–adapted Prokoenenia. This is also the first record of the genus Prokoenenia from China.

 

References

  1. Botero-Trujillo, R., Ott, R. & Carvalho, L.S. (2017) Systematic revision and phylogeny of the South American sun-spider genus Gaucha Mello-Leitão (Solifugae: Mummuciidae), with description of four new species and two new generic synonymies. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 75 (1), 3–44.
  2. Bu, Y. & Chen, J. (2019) Progress on the systematic study of Palpigradi. Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences, 31 (7), 705–713.
  3. Bu, Y., Souza, M.F.V.R. & Ferreira, R.L. (2019) A new locality of Koeneniodes madecassus Remy, 1950 (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) in China, with the first complete redescription of a Koeneniodes species. Zootaxa, 4658 (3), 541–555. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4658.3.6
  4. Bu, Y., Souza, M.F.V.R, Mayoral, J. (2021) Discovery of the genus Eukoenenia (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) from China and description of a new species. Journal of Arachnology. [in press]
  5. Christian, E. & Christophoryová, J. (2013) Eukoenenia florenciae (Arachnida: Palpigradi): lessons from a newcomer to central Europe and the island of Tenerife. Biologia, 68 (6), 1182–1188. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-013-0266-3
  6. Condé, B. (1956) Microtéliphonides cavernicoles des Alpes de Provence et du Vercors. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 28 (2), 199–204 + 512–518.
  7. Condé, B. (1972) Les Palpigrades cavernicoles d’Autriche. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 79 (3), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.97125
  8. Condé, B. (1977) Nouveaux palpigrades du Muséum de Genève. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 84 (3), 665–674. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.91415
  9. Condé, B. (1984) Palpigrades (Arachnida) d’Europe, des Antilles, du Paraguay et de Thaïlande. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 91 (2), 369–391. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.81884
  10. Condé, B. (1988) Nouveaux palpigrades de Trieste, de Slovénie, de Malte, du Paraguay, de Thaïlande e de Bornéo. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 95 (3), 723–750. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.81931
  11. Condé, B. (1990) Palpigrades endogés de Singapour et de l’Indonésie. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 97 (3), 681–697. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.79757
  12. Condé, B. (1991) Prokoenenia millotorum Remy, type du nouveau genre Triadokoenenia (Arachnida, Palpigradida). Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 13 (4) A, 351–360.
  13. Condé, B. (1992) Palpigrades cavernicoles et endogés de Thaïlande et des Célèbes (1ère note). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 99 (3), 655–672. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.79845
  14. Condé, B. (1993) Palpigrades de Brunei et de Hong Kong. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 100 (1), 25–29. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.82496
  15. Condé, B. (1994) Palpigrades cavernicoles et endogés de Thaïlande et des Célèbes (2e note). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 101 (1), 233–263. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.79906
  16. Condé, B. (1996) Les Palpigrades, 1885–1995: acquisitions et lacunes. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, Hors Série, 87–106.
  17. Condé, B. (1998) Palpigradida. In: Juberthie, C. & Decu, V. (Eds.), Encyclopaedia Biospeleologica. Vol. II. Société Internationale de Biospeologie, Moulis-Bucarest, pp. 913–920.
  18. Condé, B. & Neuherz, H. (1977) Palpigrades de la grotte de Raudner, près de Stiwoll (Kat. Nr. 2783/04) dans le paléozoïque de Graz, Styrie, Autriche. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 84 (4), 799–806. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.91423
  19. Ferreira, R.L., Souza, M.F.V.R., Machado, E.O. & Brescovit, A.D. (2011) Description of a new Eukoenenia (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) and Metagonia (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Brazilian caves, with notes on their ecological interactions. Journal of Arachnology, 39 (3), 409–419. https://doi.org/10.1636/Ha11-03.1
  20. Giribet, G., McIntyre, E., Christian, E., Espinasa, L., Ferreira, R.L., Francke, O.F., Harvey, M.S., Isaia, M., Kováč, Ĺ., McCutchen, L., Souza, M.F.V.R. & Zagmajster, M. (2014) The first phylogenetic analysis of Palpigradi (Arachnida)—the most enigmatic arthropod order. Invertebrate Systematics, 28, 350–360. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS13057
  21. Hansen, H.J. (1901) On six species of Koenenia, with remarks on the order Palpigradi. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 22, 193–240.
  22. Harvey, M.S. (2003) Catalogue of the smaller arachnid orders of the world: Amblypygi, Uropygi, Schizomida, Palpigradi, Ricinulei and Solifugae. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 385 pp. https://doi.org/10.1071/9780643090071
  23. Lourenço, W.R. (2018) The evolution and distribution of noxious species of scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, 24, 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40409-017-0138-3
  24. Mayoral, J.G. & Barranco, P. (2013) Rediscovery of the troglobious palpigrade Eukoenenia draco (Peyerimhoff 1906) (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae), with notes on the adaptations to a cave-dwelling life. Zootaxa, 3635 (2), 174–184. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3635.2.5
  25. Mayoral, J.G. & Barranco, P. (2017) A cave-dwelling Iberian palpigrade (Arachnida: Palpigradi) of the Eukoenenia mirabilis group. Zootaxa, 4363 (4), 561–568. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4363.4.8
  26. Shakhatreh, M.R., Miranda, G.S., Bader-Katbeh, A., Baker, M.A.A. & Amr, Z.S. (2020) Charinus ioanniticus (Amblypygi: Charinidae), first record of a whip spider from Jordan. Arachnologische Mitteilungen/Arachnology Letters, 59 (1), 35–37. https://doi.org/10.30963/aramit5906
  27. Souza, M.F.V.R. & Ferreira, R.L. (2012) A new highly troglomorphic species of Eukoenenia (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) from tropical Brazil. The Journal of Arachnology, 40, 151–158. https://doi.org/10.1636/Ha11-26.1
  28. Souza, M.F.V.R. & Ferreira, R.L. (2013) Two new species of the enigmatic Leptokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first record of the genus outside intertidal environments. PLoSONE, 8 (11), e77840. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077840
  29. Souza, M.F.V.R. & Ferreira, R.L. (2018) Pandora is on Earth: new species of Eukoenenia (Palpigradi) emerging at risk of extinction. Invertebrate Systematics, 32, 581–604. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS17049
  30. Souza, M.F.V.R. & Ferreira, R.L. (2020) Three new cave-dwelling Eukoenenia (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) from limestone caves in Northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4808 (2), 251–283. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4808.2.2
  31. Souza, M.F.V.R., Mayoral, J. & Ferreira, R.L. (2020) A new troglobitic palpigrade from Central Brazil, with notes on a new opisthosomal character (Arachnida: Palpigradi). Zootaxa, 4869 (4), 493–514. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4869.4.2
  32. Silvestri, F. (1913) Novi generi e specie de Koeneniidae (Arachnida, Palpigradi). Bollettino di Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria Portici, 7, 211–217.
  33. Tian, M., Deharveng, L., Bedos, A., Li, Y., Xue, Z., Feng, B. & Wei, G. (2011) Advances of cave biodiversity survey: a result based mainly on invertebrates. Proceedings of the 17th National Congress of Speleology, Yinshuidong, Hubei, 2011, pp. 149–163.
  34. Yin, W.Y. (1992) Subtropical soil animals of China. Science Press, Beijing, 618 pp.
  35. Zhang Y.H. & Zhu D.H. (2012) Large Karst Caves Distribution and Development in China. Journal of Guilin University of Technology, 32 (1), 20–28.