Abstract
The North American species of the broad-nosed weevil genus Pachyrhinus Schönherr 1823 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Entiminae) are revised. Three species of Pachyrhinus are here recognized in North America: P. elegans (Couper 1865), P. californicus (Horn 1876), and P. cinereus (Casey 1888). Pachyrhinus lateralis (Casey 1888) and P. miscix (Fall 1901) are here designated as synonyms of P. elegans. Pachyrhinus crassicornis (Casey 1888) and P. albidus (Fall 1901) are here designated synonyms of P. cinereus (Casey 1888) The previously proposed synonymy of P. ferrugineus (Casey 1888) with P. californicus was confirmed. This revision includes detailed images of diagnostic characters as well as scanning electron micrographs of scale morphology for all species. A key to the Nearctic species of Pachyrhinus is provided. All Nearctic species of Pachyrhinus are considered minor pests of Pinus spp. [Pinaceae].
References
Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A. & Lyal, C.H.C. (1999) A world catalog of families and genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (Excepting Scolytidae and Platypodidae). Entomopraxis, Barcelona, 316 pp.
Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A., Barrios, H., Borovec, R., Bouchard, P., Caldara, R., Colonnelli, E., Gültekin, L., Hlavá, P., Korotyaev, B., Lyal, C.H.C., Machado, A., Meregalli, M., Pierotti, H., Ren, L., Sánchez-Ruiz, M., Sforzi, A., Silfverberg, H., Skuhrovec, J., Trýzna, M., Velázquez de Castro, A.J. & Yunakov, N.N. (2017) Cooperative Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Curculionoidea. Monografías electrónicas SEA 8. Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa S.E.A, Zaragoza, 729 pp.
Anderson, R.S. (2002) Curculionidae. In: Arnett, R.H. & Thomas, M.C. (Eds.), American Beetles. Vol. II. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 722–815.
Becker, E.C. (1974) Designation of lectotypes for 13 species of Coleoptera described by Couper in 1864 and 1865. Annales de la Société Entomologique du Quebec, 22, 14–17.
Blatchley, W.S. & Leng, C.W. (1916) Rhynchophora or weevils of North Eastern America. Nature Publishing Company, Indianapolis, 300 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.122480
Bright, D.E. & Bouchard, P. (2008) Insects and arachnids of Canada. Part 25. Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae. The Weevils of Canada and Alaska. Vol. 2. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario, 327 pp.
Burke, H.E. (1937) Important insect enemies of the Monterey pine. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting: Western Shade Tree Conference, 4, 21–37.
Chevrolat, L.A.A. (1866) Description de coléoptéres d’espagne nouveaux ou peu connus. 1er memoire, suite. Revue et Magazine de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee, 18, 24–29 + 100–118 + 321–326.
Couper, W. (1865a) Descriptions of new species of Canadian Coleoptera. Canadian Naturalist, 2, 60–63.
Couper, W. (1865b) List of Coleoptera taken at Quebec, and other parts of Lower Canada. Transactions of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, Session of 1864–5, New Series, Part 3, 27–36. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50769
Desbrochers, J. (1875) Diagnoses de Curculionides inédits. Opuscules Entomologique (Coléoptéres), 1, 1–36.
Downie, N.M. & Arnett, R.H. (1996) The beetles of northeastern North America: volume II. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainsville, Florida, 1721 pp.
Fall, H.C. (1901) Notes on Dichleonycha and Cantharis with descriptions of new species in other genera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 27, 308–310.
Furniss, R.L. & Carolin, V.M. (1977) Western forest insects. Miscellaneous Publication No. 1339. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, D.C., 654 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.131875
Germar, E.F. (1817) Miscellen und corespondenz-nachrichten. Magazin der Entomologie, 4, 339–341.
Gistel, J. (1856) Die mysterien der europäischen Insectenwelt. Vol. 12. Druck und Verlag von Tobias Dannheimer, Kempten, 532 pp.
Gösik, R., Hirsch, J. & Sprick, P. (2010) Biology and molecular determination of Pachyrhinus lethierryi (Desbrochers, 1875) with description of the mature larva and pupa (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae: Polydrusini). Snudbiller, 11, 80–95.
Hatch, M.H. (1971) The beetles of the Pacific Northwest: Part V: Rhipiceroidae, Sternoxi, Phytophaga, Rhyncophora, and Lamellicornia. University of Washington Publications in Biology. Vol. 16. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington, 622 pp.
Herbst, J.F.W. (1795) Natursystem aller bekannten in- und auslandischen Insekten, als eine forestzung der von Buffonshen Naturgestichte. Der kafer shester hheil. Mit 38 illuminierten kupfertafeln. Joachim Pauli, Berlin, 520 pp.
Herbst, J.F.W. (1797) Natursystem aller bekannten in-und auslandischen Insekten, als eine forestzung der von Buffonshen Naturgestichte. Der Kafer sebenter theil. VI. Theil. Pauli, Berlin, 346 pp.
Horn, G.H. (1876) The Rhyncophora of America North of Mexico. In: LeConte, J.L. & Horn, G.H., Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 15 (96), pp. 1–455.
Horn, G.H. (1894) The Coleoptera of Baja California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 2, 4, 302–411.
Jansen, M.A. & Franz, N.M. (2015) Phylogenetic revision of Minyomerus Horn 1876 sec. Jansen & Franz, 2015 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) using taxonomic concept annotations and alignments. Zookeys, 528, 1–133. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001
Jensen, G.L. (1963) A study of the morphology and systematics of the genera Polydrusus and Scythropus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Unpublished thesis, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 41 pp.
Jensen, G.L. & Koehler, C.S. (1969) Biological studies of Scythropus californicus on Monterey pine in Northern California. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 62, 117–120. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/62.1.117
Kono, H. & Morimoto, K. (1960) Curculionidae from Shanshi, North China. (Coleoptera). Mushi, 34, 71–87.
Majka, C.G., Anderson, R.S., McAlpine, D.F. & Webster, R.P. (2007) The weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidae) of the Maritime Provinces of Canada I: new records from New Brunswick. Canadian Entomologist, 139, 378–396. https://doi.org/10.4039/n06-008
Marseul, S.A. (1876) Mélanges (suite). Nouvelles et faits divers. L’abeille, Memoires d’Entomologie, 12, 368–389.
McNamara, J. (1991) Family Curculionidae: snout beetles or weevils. In: Bousquet, Y. (Ed.), Checklist of beetles in Canada and Alaska. Research Branch Publication 1861/E. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 329–356.
O’Brien, C.W. & Wibmer, G.J. (1982) Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae Sensu Lato) of North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). In: Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. No. 34. The American Entomological Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, pp. 1–382.
Pierce, W.D. (1909) Studies of North American weevils. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 37, 325–364. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.1708.325
Schöenherr, C.J. (1823) Tabula synoptica familiae Curculionidum. Isis Oken, Heft 10, 556–573.
Schöenherr, C.J. (1826) Curculionidum desposito methodica cum generum characteribus, descriptionibus atque observationibus variis, seu prodromus ad synonomiae insectorum partum 4. apud Fridericum Fleischer, Lipsea, 338 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9327
Yunakov, N.N. (2013) Tribe Polydrusini. In: Löbl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 8. Curculionidae II. Brill, Leiden, pp. 364–375.