Abstract
The imagos of Cincticostella gosei (Allen, 1975), which were reared from mature nymphs in Spring 2021 in China, are described in detail for the first time, along with the eggs. Junior synonyms Ephemerella nigromaculata Xu et al., 1980 and Ephemerella tianmushanensis Xu et al., 1980 are confirmed upon new materials and types. Compared to congeners, the males of C. gosei have dark tibiae and gently curved forceps. In addition, the nymphs of this species are redescribed and photographed in detail. Morphologically, the nymph can be identified by pairs of smaller tergal spines on the abdomen and lack of maxillary palp. The smaller body size is also helpful to its identification among Chinese Cincticostella species. The characters of C. gosei seem like those of Ephacerella Paclt, 1994 in smoothly bent forceps and narrowed penes from base to apex.
References
Allen, R.K. (1975) Ephemerella (Cincticostella): A revision of the nymphal stages. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 51 (1), 16–22.
Allen, R.K. (1980) Geographic distribution and reclassification of the subfamily Ephemerellinae (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). In: Flannagan, J.F. & Marshall, K.E. (Eds.), Advances in Ephemeroptera Biology. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 71–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3066-0_6
Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: Multiple Sequence Alignment with High Accuracy and High Throughput. Nucleic Acids Research, 32, 1792–1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340
Edmunds, G.F. & Murvosh C.M. (1995). Systematic changes in certain Ephemeroptera studied by R.K. Allen. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 71 (3), 157–160.
Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. & Vrijenhoek, R. (1994) DNA Primers for Amplification of Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I from Diverse Metazoan Invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 3, 294–299.
Gose, K. (1969) Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) from Thailand. In: Kira, T. & Iwata, K. (Eds.), Nature and Life in Southeast Asia. Vol. VI. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, pp. 125–138.
Gui, H. (1985) A catalog of the Ephemeroptera of China. Journal of Nanjing Normal University (Natural Science), 4, 79–97. [in Chinese]
Hrivniak, L., Sroka, P., Godunko, R.J. & Žurovcovà, M. (2017) Mayflies of the Genus Epeorus Eaton, 1881 s.l. (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) from the Caucasus Mountains: A New Species of Caucasiron Kluge, 1997 from Georgia and Turkey. Zootaxa, 4341 (3), 353–374. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4341.3.2
Ishiwata, S. (2003) A revision of the genus Cincticostella (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) from Japan. Species Diversity, 8, 311–346.
https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.8.311
Jacobus, L.M. & McCafferty, W.P. (2008) Revision of Ephemerellidae genera (Ephemeroptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 134 (1–2), 185–274.
https://doi.org/10.3157/0002-8320(2008)134[185:ROEGE]2.0.CO;2
Kluge, N.J. (2004) The Phylogenetic System of Ephemeroptera. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 442 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0872-3
Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. (2016) MEGA7: molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33, 1870–1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
Martynov, A.V., Selvakumar, C., Palatov D.M., Subramanian K.A., Sivaramakrishnan K.G., Vasanth, M. & Jacobus, L.M. (2021) Overview of Indian and Nepali representatives of the Cincticostella nigra (Uéno, 1928) complex (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae), with discussion about Cincticostella Allen, 1971 species complexes. ZooKeys, 1040, 123–166.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1040.64280
Martynov, A.V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K.A., Sivaramakrishnan, K.G., Chandra, K., Palatov, D.M., Sinha, B. & Jacobus, L.M. (2019) Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa, 4551 (2), 147–179.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
Ogden, T.H., Osborne, J.T., Jacobus, L.M. & Whiting, M.F. (2009) Combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of Ephemerellinae (Ephemerellidae: Ephemeroptera), with remarks about classification. Zootaxa, 1991 (1), 28–42. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1991.1.2
Xie, H., Jia, Y.Y., Chen, P., Jacobus, L.M. & Zhou, C.F. (2009) Two new Cincticostella species from China with a larval key to species of the genus (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Zootaxa, 2299 (1), 53–61.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2299.1.5
Xu, J.Z., You, D.S., Su, C.R. & Xu, Y.Q. (1980) Two new species of genus Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Journal of Nanjing Normal University (Natural Science), 2, 5–8. [in Chinese]
You, D.S. & Gui, H. (1995) Ephemeroptera. In: Economic Insect Fauna of China. Fasc. 48. Science Press, Beijing, 152 pp. [in Chinese]
Zhang, W., Han, N., Zhang, M., Wang, Y.F. & Zhou, C.F. (2020) The Imaginal and Detailed Nymphal Characters of Cincticostella fusca (Kang & Yang, 1995) (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Zootaxa, 4729 (2), 277–285.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4729.2.8
Zheng, X.H.E. & Zhou, C.F. (2021) First detailed description of adults and nymph of Cincticostella femorata (Tshernova, 1972) (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Aquatic Insects, 1–13.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2020.1871026
Zhou, C.F. (2013) A species list of Chinese mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera). In: Tojo, K., Tanida, K. & Nozaki, T. (Eds.), Biology of Inland Waters. 2. Supplement. Proceedings of the first symposium of the Benthological Society of Asia, 2013, pp. 167–225.
Zhou, C.F., Gui, H. & Su, C.R. (1997) Insects of Funiu Mountain (Ephemeroptera). A study on the taxonomy and fauna of insects in Henan, 2, 221–222. [in Chinese]
Zhou, C.F., Su, C.R. & Gui, H. (2015) Outline of Chinese Mayflies. Science Press, Beijing, 310 pp. [in Chinese]