Abstract
Nola estonica Õunap sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Nolinae) is described based on type material from Estonia. The lectotype is designated for Glaphyra atomosa Bremer, 1861, which is reinstated from a subspecies of Nola aerugula (Hübner, [1793]) to a full species: Nola atomosa (Bremer, 1861) stat. rev. The status of these three taxa as separate species is supported by the results of phylogenetic analysis of DNA barcodes, as well as external and genital morphology of adult specimens. Two new synonyms are established as follows: Nola atomosa (Bremer, 1861) = Nola candidalis Staudinger, 1892 syn. nov. and Nola shin Inoue, 1982 syn. nov. N. estonica occurs sympatrically with N. aerugula in Estonia, and with N. atomosa in South Korea and easternmost Russia. While the available data suggest a disjunct distribution of N. estonica (eastern Europe and the temperate Far East), it appears highly possible that the species has a wide transpalaearctic distribution.
References
Aarvik, L., Bengtsson, Å., B., Elven, H., Ivinskis, P., Jürivete, U., Karsholt, O., Mutanen, M. & Savenkov, N. (2017) Nordic-Baltic Checklist of Lepidoptera. Norwegian Journal of Entomology, Supplement 3, 1–236.
Da, W., Wang, M. & Hu, Y.-Q. (2021) Description of a new species and a new record of the genus Nola Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Nolinae) from Tibet, China. Zootaxa, 4926 (2), 293–295. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4926.2.9
De Freina, J.J. & Witt, T.J. (1987) Die Bombyces und Sphinges der Westpalaearktis (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Band 1. Edition Forschung & Wissenschaft Verlag GmbH, München, 708 pp.
DeSalle, R. & Goldstein, P. (2019) Review and interpretation of trends in DNA barcoding. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 7, 302. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00302
Eversmann, E. (1842) Quaedam lepidopterorum species novae, in Rossia orientali observatae, nunc describae et depictae. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 15, 543–565.
Fibiger, M. & Karsholt, O. (1998) First records of Nola harouni from Europe and comments on the taxonomic status of N. centonalis holsatica (Nolidae). Nota Lepidopterologica, 21, 194–205.
Fibiger, M., Ronkay, L., Steiner, A. & Zilli, A. (2009) Noctuidae Europaeae. Vol. 11. Pantheinae, Dilobinae, Acronictinae, Eustrotiinae, Nolinae, Bagisarinae, Acontiinae, Metoponiinae, Heliothinae, and Bryophilinae. Entomological Press, Sorø, 504 pp.
Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. & Vrijenhoek, R. (1994) DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 3, 294–299.
Hampson, G.F. (1901) New species of Syntomidae and Arctiadae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, 45, 165–186.
Hampson, G.F. (1914) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum. Supplement. Vol. 1. Catalogue of the Amatidae and Arctiadae (Nolinae and Lithosianae) in the collection of the British Museum. Printed by Order of the Trustees, London, 858 pp.
Hacker, H., Schreier, H.-P. & Goater, B. (2012) Revision of the tribe Nolini of Africa and Western Palaearctic Region (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Noctuidae, Nolinae). Esperiana, 17, 1–614.
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41, 95–98.
Hebert, P.D., Penton, E.H., Burns, J.M., Janzen, D.H. & Hallwachs, W. (2004) Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101, 14812–14817. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0406166101
Hebert, P.D.N. & Gregory, T.R. (2005) The promise of DNA barcoding for taxonomy. Systematic Biology, 54, 852–859. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150500354886
Heydemann, F. (1934) Einige für Schleswig-Holstein beachtenswerte oder neue Lepidopteren. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift, 27, 417–422.
Holloway, J. D. (2003) The Moths of Borneo. Part 18. Nolidae. Southdene Sdn. Bhd. Kuala Lumpur, 279 pp.
Inoue, H. (1998) Nolinae (Noctuidae) from Nepal. Moths of Nepal. Part 5. Tinea, 15 (Supplement 1), 89–98.
Jürivete, U. & Õunap, E. (2020) Estonian Lepidoptera. Catalogue. Eesti Lepidopteroloogide Selts, Tallinn, 192 pp.
Kristensen, N.P. (1999) 4. Skeleton and muscles: adults. In: Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.), Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Vol. 2. Morphology, Physiology and Development. Handbook of Zoology IV. Arthropoda: Insecta. Part 36. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and New York, pp. 39–131. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110893724.39
László, G.M., Ronkay, G. & Ronkay, L. (2014) Taxonomic studies on the genus Nola Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Nolidae, Nolini). Fibigeriana Supplement, 2, 201–262.
Lempke, B.-J. (1938) Celama centonalis Hb. et Celama holsatica Sauber. Lambillionea, 38, 27–38.
Matov, A. Yu. (2019) Nolidae. In: Sinev, S. Yu. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Russia. Zoological Institute RAS. St. Petersburg. pp. 317–319.
Miller, S.E., Hausmann, A., Hallwachs, W. & Janzen, D.H. (2016) Advancing taxonomy and bioinventories with DNA barcodes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B – Biological Sciences, 371, 20150339. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0339
Nupponen, K. & Fibiger, M. (2006) Additions and corrections to the list of Bombyces, Sphinges and Noctuidae of the Southern Ural Mountains. Part I. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae, Lemonidae, Sphingidae, Notodontidae, Noctuidae, Pantheidae, Lymantriidae, Nolidae, Arctiidae). Esperiana, 12, 167–195.
Oh, S.-H. (2001) A Review of the Subfamily Nolinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in Korea (I): Genus Nola Leech. Insecta Koreana, 18, 123–137.
Õunap. E., Viidalepp, J. & Saarma, U. (2005) Phylogenetic evaluation of the taxonomic status of Timandra griseata and T. comae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae). European Journal of Entomology, 102, 607–615. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2005.085
Õunap, E., Viidalepp, J. & Saarma, U. (2008) Systematic position of Lythriini revised: transferred from Larentiinae to Sterrhinae (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Zoologica Scripta, 37, 405–413. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00327.x
Sauber, A. (1916) Nola centonalis Hb. n. var. holsatica. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift, 10, 97.
Sasaki, A. (2011) Nolidae. In: Kishida, Y. (Ed.), The Standard of Moths in Japan II. Gakken Education Publishing, Tokyo, pp. 170–189.
Sinev, S.Yu., Anikin, V.V. & Zolotuhin, V.V. (2017) Volgo-Ural Pyraloidea and Pterophoridae described by E. Eversmann. In: Anikin, V.V., Sachkov, S.A. & Zolotuhin, V.V. (Ed.), “Fauna Lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis”: from P. Pallas to present days. Proceedings of the Museum Witt Munich, 7, pp. 380–386.
Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A. & Kumar, S. (2013) MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30, 2725–2729. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197
Thompson, J.D., Higgins, D.G. & Gibson, T.J. (1994) ClustalW: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research, 22, 4673–4680. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.22.4673
Tiitsaar, A., Valdma, D., Õunap, E., Remm, J., Teder, T. & Tammaru, T. (2019) Distribution of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in Estonia: Results of a systematic mapping project reveal long-term trends. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 56, 147–185. https://doi.org/10.5735/086.056.0114
Warnecke, G. (1917) Über einige Probleme der Schmetterlingsfauna der ostfriesischen Inseln. Abhandlungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Bremen, 30, 118–125.