Abstract
The Chinese soft scale species in the genus Coccus Linnaeus, 1758 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) were studied. Coccus cambodiensis Takahashi and the Malaysian species C. cameronensis Takahashi are considered to be non-congeneric with Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758, the type species of Coccus, and are transferred to Prococcus Avasthi, 1993, as Prococcus cambodiensis (Takahashi, 1942), comb. n. and Prococcus cameronensis (Takahashi, 1952), comb. n. The generic diagnosis of Prococcus is revised. In the genus Coccus, two new species are described and illustrated based on adult females: Coccus nanningensis Cao & Feng, sp. n. from Guangxi, China, on Ficus carica (Moraceae), and Coccus cephalotaxus Cao & Feng, sp. n. from Shannxi, China, on Cephalotaxus sinensis (Taxaceae). Identification keys to separate adult females of Prococcus from Coccus, the 14 species of Coccus found in China, and all three species of Prococcus are provided.
References
Ali, S.M. (1971) A catalogue of the Oriental Coccoidea (Part V) (Insecta: Homoptera: Coccoidea) (with an index). Indian Museum Bulletin, 6, 7–82.
Avasthi, R.K. & Shafee, S.A. (1991) Revision of the genus Coccus Linn. in India (Insecta, Homoptera, Coccidae). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 88 (3), 329–348.
Avasthi, R.K. (1993) Three new genera of Coccidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 90 (1), 73–77.
Ben-Dov, Y. (1977) Taxonomy of the long brown scale Coccus longulus (Douglas), stat. n. (Homoptera: Coccidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 67, 89–95. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300010919
Ben-Dov, Y. (1981) A new species of Coccus (Hemiptera: Coccidae) from mango in Israel, and a redescription of C. gymnospori (Green). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 71, 649–654. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300010178
Choi, J.Y. & Lee, S.H. (2018) Review of the genus Coccus Linnaeus from Korea, with description of a new species (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Coccidae). ZooKeys, 734, 121–135. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.734.22774
Choi, J.Y. & Lee, S.H. (2020) Molecular phylogeny of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha), with a discussion of their waxy ovisacs. Systematic Entomology, 52 (2), 396–414. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12404
De Lotto, G. (1957) On some Ethiopian species of the genus Coccus (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of southern Africa, 20 (2), 295–314.
De Lotto, G. (1959) Further notes on Ethiopian species of the genus Coccus (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of southern Africa, 22,150–173.
Douglas, J.W. (1887) Note on some British Coccidae (No. 8). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 24, 95–101 + 165–171.
Fernald, M.E. (1903) A catalogue of the Coccidae of the world. Bulletin of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, 88, 1–360.
García Morales, M., Denno, B.D., Miller, D.R., Miller, G.L., Ben-Dov, Y. & Hardy, N.B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http://scalenet.info (accessed 6 December 2021) https://doi.org/10.1093/database/bav118.
Gavrilov-Zimin, I.A. (2013) New scale insects (Homoptera: Coccinea) from Sulawesi and New Guinea, with some other additions to the Indonesian fauna. Tropical Zoology, 26 (2), 64–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2013.807570
Gill, R.J., Nakahara, S. & Williams, M.L. (1977) A review of the genus Coccus Linnaeus in America north of Panama (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Occasional Papers in Entomology, State of California, Department of Food and Agriculture, 24, 1–44.
Granara de Willink, M.C., Pirovani, V.D. & Ferreira, P.S.F. (2010) Coccus species affecting Coffea arabica in Brazil (Coccoideae: Coccidae) and the redescription of two species. Neotropical Entomology, 39 (3), 391–399. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2010000300013
Green, E.E. (1889) Descriptions of two new species of Lecanium from Ceylon. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 25, 248‒250.
Green, E.E. (1896) Catalogue of Coccidae collected in Ceylon. Indian Museum Notes, 4, 2‒10.
Green, E.E. (1904) s.n. In: The Coccidae of Ceylon. Pt. III. Dulau & Co., London, pp. 171‒249.
Gullan, P.J., Kondo, T., Fiala, B. & Quek, S.P. (2018) Taxonomy of coccids (Hemiptera: Coccidae: Coccus L.) associated with Crematogaster ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the stems of Macaranga plants (Euphorbiaceae) in Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 4521 (1), 001–051. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4521.1.1
Hamon, A.B. & Williams, M.L. (1984) The soft scale insects of Florida (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas, Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, 11, 1–194.
Hodgson, C.J. (1967) Notes on Rhodesian Coccidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea): Part 1: The genera Coccus, Parasaissetia, Saissetia and a new genus Mashona. Arnoldia, Rhodesia, 3, 1–22.
Hodgson, C.J. (1968) Four new species and a new genus of Coccidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea) from Africa. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B), 37 (7–8), 114–120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1968.tb00208.x
Hodgson, C.J. (1994) The Scale Insect Family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. CAB International, Wallingford, 639 pp.
Hodgson, C.J. & Henderson, R.C. (2000) Coccidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Fauna of New Zealand, 41, 1–264.
Kuwana, S.I. (1914) Coccidae of Japan, V. Journal of Entomology and Zoology, 6, 1‒8.
Łagowska, B. & Hodgson, C.J. (2019) On some new and old soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Africa, with description of a new Coccus species and introduction of a new genus. Zootaxa, 4612 (3), 373–386. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4612.3.4
Lin, Y.P., Kondo, T., Gullan, P. & Cook L.G. (2013) Delimiting genera of scale insects: molecular and morphological evidence for synonymizing Taiwansaissetia Tao, Wong and Chang with Coccus Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Systematic Entomology, 38, 249–264. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00664.x
Lin, Y.P., Tanaka, H., Kondo, T. & Cook, L.G. (2017) A newly recognised species that has been confused with the global polyphagous pest scale insect, Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae). Zootaxa, 4320 (3), 571–591. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4320.3.10
Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 4 + 824 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542
Maskell, W.M. (1898) Further coccid notes: with descriptions of new species, and discussion of points of interest. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 30 (1897), 219‒252.
Newstead, R. (1917) Observations on scale-insects (Coccidae)-III. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 7, 343–380. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000748530001806X
Takahashi, R. (1932) Records and descriptions of the Coccidae from Formosa. Part 2. Journal of the Society of Tropical Agriculture, Formosa, 4, 41‒48.
Takahashi, R. (1942) Some injurious insects of agricultural plants and forest trees in Thailand and Indo-China. II. Coccidae. Report. Government Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Formosa, 81, 1‒56.
Takahashi, R. (1952) Some species of nondiaspine scale insects from the Malay peninsula. Insects Matsumurana, 18 (1–2), 9–17. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2115/9528
Tang, F.D. (1991) The Coccidae of China. Shanxi United Universities Press, Taiyuan, China, 377 pp. [in Chinese]
Wang, F. & Feng, J.N. (2012) A new species of Coccus (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Coccidae) from China. ZooKeys, 244, 59–65. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.244.4045
Yang, P.L. (1982) General classification of scale insects in China. Shanghai Science & Technology, Shanghai, 425 pp.