Abstract
Deep-water king crabs of the genus Paralomis White, 1856 collected during three cruises of the Fishery Oceanographic Research Vessel Sagar Sampada in the western Bay of Bengal (528–777 m depths), one cruise in the eastern Bay of Bengal off Great Nicobar Island (337 m depth), and four cruises in the southeastern Arabian Sea (315–1245 m) were identified. They are referred to Paralomis ceres Macpherson, 1989, recorded for the first time from Indian waters and P. indica Alcock & Anderson, 1899, reported for the first time from the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. In addition, this study reports the morphological variability among the P. indica populations in the shape of the carapace and dorsal rostral spines, nature of the branchial and cardiac regions and abdominal marginal spines, and the relative lengths of pereopods 2–4. Mitochondrial Cytochrome oxidase I (594 base pairs) and 16S rRNA (503 bp) gene sequences of P. ceres and P. indica (602 and 497 bp, respectively) revealed that they formed distinct lineages. A key to the Indian Ocean species of Paralomis is provided.
References
Ahyong, S.T. (2010) The marine fauna of New Zealand: king crabs of New Zealand, Australia and the Ross Sea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Lithodidae). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 123, 1–194.
Ahyong, S.T. (2020) First King Crabs from Papua New Guinea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Lithodidae). In: Corbari, L., Ahyong, S.T. & Chan, T.-Y. (Eds.), Deep-Sea Crustaceans from Papua New Guinea. Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos 31. Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 213, 121–140.
Alcock, A. (1899) Crustacea. Part VII. In: Illustrations of the Zoology of the Royal Indian Marine Surveying Steamer “Investigator”. Trustees of the Indian Museum. Calcutta, pls. XXXVI–XLV.
Alcock, A. (1901) A descriptive catalogue of the Indian deep-sea Crustacea Decapoda Macrura and Anomala, in the Indian Museum. Being a revised account of the deep-sea species collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, iv + 286 pp., pls. 1–3. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.30840
Alcock, A. & Anderson, A.R.S. (1899) Natural history notes from H.M. Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship “Investigator,” Commander T.H. Heming, R.N., commanding. ― Series III, no. 2. An account of the deep-sea Crustacea dredged during the surveying-season of 1897–98. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 3, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939908678071
Alcock, A. & MacGilchrist, A.C. (1905) Crustacea. Part XI. In: Illustrations of the Zoology of the Royal Indian Marine Surveying Steamer “Investigator”. Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, pls. LXVIII–LXXVI.
Anderson, A.R.S. (1896) Natural history notes from the R.I.M. Survey Steamer ‘Investigator,’ Commander C. F. Oldham, R. N., commanding. Series II, no. 21. An account of the deep sea Crustacea collected during the season 1894–95. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 65 (2), 88–106.
Balss, H. (1911) Nue Paguriden aus den Ausbeuten der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition “Valdivia” und der japonischen Expedition Prof. Dofleins. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 38 (1), 1–9.
Benedict, J.E. (1895) Descriptions of new genera and species of crabs of the family Lithodidae with notes on the young of Lithodes camtschaticus and Lithodes brevipes. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 17, 479–488. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.17-1016.479
Birstein, Y.A. & Vinogradov, L.G. (1972) Craboids (Decapoda, Anomura, Lithodidae) of the Atlantic sector of the Antarctic, South America and South Africa. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 51, 351–363, figs. 1–9.
Dawson, E.W. (1989) King crabs of the world (Crustacea: Lithodidae) and their fisheries: A comprehensive bibliography. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, Miscellaneous Publication, 101, 1–338.
Dawson, E.W. & Yaldwyn, J.C. (1971) Diagnosis of a new species of Paralomis (Crustacea, Anomura, Lithodidae) from New Zealand. Records of the Dominion Museum, 7, 51–54.
De Grave, S., Pentcheff, N.D., Ahyong. S.T., Chan, T.-Y., Crandall, K.A., Dworschak, P.C., Felder, D.L., Feldmann, R.M., Fransen, C.H.J.M., Goulding, L.Y.D., Lemaitre, R., Low, M.E.Y., Martin, J.W., Ng, P.K.L., Schweitzer, C.E., Tan, S.H., Tshudy, D. & Wetzer, R. (2009) A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 21, 1–109.
Eldredge, L.C. (1976) Two new species of lithodids (Anomura, Paguridea, Lithodidae) crabs from Guam. Micronesica, 12, 309–315.
Felsenstein, J. (1985) Phylogenies and the Comparative Method. The American Naturalist, 125, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1086/284325
Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. & Vrijenhoek, R. (1994) DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 3, 294–299.
Hall, S. & Thatje, S. (2010) King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis. Zoosystema, 32 (3), 495–524. https://doi.org/10.5252/z2010n3a10
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: A user-friendly Biological Sequence Alignment Editor and Analysis Program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41, 95–98.
Henderson, J.R. (1888) Report on the Anomura collected by H.M.S Challenger during the years 1873–1876. In: Murray, J. (Ed.), Zoology. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873–76 Under the Command of Captain George S. Nares, R.N., F.R.S. and the Late Captain Frank Tourle Thomson, R.N. prepared under the Superintendence of the late Sir C. Wyville Thomson, Knt., F.R.S. &c. Regius Professor of Natural History in the University of Edinburgh Director of the civilian scientific staff on board and now of John Murray, LL.D., Ph.D., &c. one of the naturalists of the Expedition. Vol. 27. Published by Order of Her Majesty’s Government. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, Edinburgh and Dublin, pp. i–xi, 1–221, pls. 1–21. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6513
Hombron, J.B. & Jacquinot, H. (1842–1854) Crustacés. In: Atlas d’Histoire Naturelle. Zoologie. Voyage au Pôle Sud et dans l’Océanie sur les corvettes l’Astrolabe et la Zélée pendant les années 1837–1838–1839–1840. Crustacés. Gide, Paris, pls. 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.65972
Kazmi, Q.B. & Siddiqui, F.A. (2006) An illustrated key to the Malacostraca (Crustacea) of the Northern Arabian Sea. Part VI. Pakistan Journal of Marine Science, 15 (1), 11–79.
Kensley, B. (1981) The South African Museum’s Meiring Naude cruises. Part 12. Crustacea Decapoda of the 1977, 1978, 1979 cruises. Annals of the South African Museum, 83, 49–78.
Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35 (6), 1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Edition 10. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], iii + 824 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542
MacGilchrist, A.C. (1905) Natural history notes from the R.I.M.S. ‘Investigator’, Capt. T.H. Heming, R. N. (retired), commanding.—Series III., No. 6. An account of the new and some of the rarer decapod Crustacea obtained during the surveying seasons 1901–1904. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 15, 233–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/03745480509443038
Macpherson, E. (1982) A new species of Paralomis (Decapoda Anomura) from the southeastern Atlantic. Crustaceana, 43 (2), 142–146. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854082X00461
Macpherson, E. (1988a) Three new species of Paralomis (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Lithodidae) from the Pacific and Antarctic Oceans. Zoologica Scripta, 17, 69–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1988.tb00087.x
Macpherson, E. (1988b) Lithodid crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Lithodidae) from Madagascar and La Réunion (SW Indian Ocean) with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, Series 4, 10, 117–133.
Macpherson, E. (1988c) A revision of the family Lithodidae Samouelle, 1819 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura) in the Atlantic Ocean. Monografias de Zoologia Marina, 2, 1–153.
Macpherson, E. (1989) A new species of the genus Paralomis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Lithodidae) from the Indian Ocean. Scientia Marina, 53 (1), 117–120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1988.tb00087.x
McLaughlin, P.A., Komai, T., Lemaitre, R. & Rahayu, D.L. (2010) Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea) Part I—Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement, 23, 5–107.
Noever, C. & Glenner, H. (2018) The origin of king crabs: hermit crab ancestry under the magnifying glass. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 182 (2), 300–318. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx033
Padate, V.P., Cubelio, S.S. & Takeda, M. (2020) Description of a new species of deep-water king-crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) from the southeastern Arabian Sea. Zootaxa, 4845 (1), 71–82. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4845.1.5
Palumbi, S.R. (1996) Nucleic acids II: The polymerase chain reaction. In: Hillis, D.M., Moritz, C. & Mable, B.K. (Eds.), Molecular systematics. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts, pp. 321–381.
Saint Laurent de, M. & Macpherson, E. (1997) Une nouvelle espèce du genre Paralomis White, 1856, des sources hydrothermales du Sud-ouest Pacifique (Crustacea, Decapoda, Lithodidae). Zoosystema, 19 (4), 721–727.
Samouelle, G. (1819) The Entomologist’s Useful Compendium, or an Introduction to the Knowledge of the British Insects, Comprising the Best Means of Obtaining and Preserving Them, and a Description of the Apparatus Generally Used; Together with the Genera of Linné, and the Modern Method of Arranging the classes Crustacea, Myriapoda, Spiders, Mites and Insects, From Their Affinities and Structure, According to the Views of Dr. Leach. Also an Explanation of the Terms used in Entomology; a Calendar of the Times of Appearance and Usual Situations of 3,000 Species of British Insects; with Instructions for Collecting and Fitting up Objects for the Microscope. Thomas Boys, London, 496 pp., 12 pls. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.34177
Smith, S.I. (1882) Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, on the East Coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake,” Commander J.R. Bartlett, U.S.N., Commanding. XVII.—Report on the Crustacea. Part I. Decapoda. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College, 10 (1), 1–104, pls. 1–14.
Spiridonov, V., Türkay, M., Arntz, W.E. & Thatje, S. (2006) A new species of the genus Paralomis (Crustacea: Decapoda: Lithodidae) from the Spiess seamount near Bouvet Island (Southern Ocean), with notes on habitat and ecology. Polar Biology, 29, 137–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-005-0087-0
Takeda, M. (2019) A new crab-shaped Anomura of the genus Paralomis White, 1856 (Crustacea, Decapoda) from the depths off Okino-Torishima, southernmost island in Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series A (Zoology), 45, 23–30.
Takeda, M. & Bussarawit, S. (2007) A new species of the genus Paralomis White, 1856 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Lithodidae) from the Andaman Sea. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series A (Zoology), 33 (2), 51–59.
Thatje, S., Hall, S., Hauton, C., Held, C. & Tyler, P. (2008) Encounter of lithodid crab Paralomis birsteini on the continental slope off Antarctica, sampled by ROV. Polar Biology, 31 (9), 1143–1148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-008-0457-5
White, A. (1856) Some remarks on Crustacea of the genus Lithodes, with a brief description of a species apparently hitherto unrecorded. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2, 111, 263–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935708697729