Abstract
Details of the post-embryonic development of two Notodromadidae species, Notodromas trulla Smith & Kamiya, 2014 and Newnhamia fenestrata King, 1855, (subfamily Notodromadinae) are provided, and compared with previous ontogenetic studies on other podocopid families and superfamilies. The ontogenetic development is generally similar to other families, consisting of eight free-living juvenile stages and one adult stage, but the first instar, with a leg-like mandible, resembles that of the Cyprididae, rather than other families. From the A-7 instar onwards, the ventral margin of the carapace is a flattened ovoid, and the dorsolateral eye cups are separated, resembling those of the adults, suggesting that a neustonic lifestyle, similar to that of the adults, is embraced from a very early age. In addition to the ventral margin, other apomorphies of the Notodromadinae include spur-like protrusions on the walking legs of juveniles, which become reduced in adults, and features of the mandibles, probably related to neustonic feeding. Overall, Ne. fenestrata has more plesiomorphic features than No. trulla, and most differences between the two species are related to sexually selected characters, such as different sexually dimorphic features of the antennae. This suggests that sexual selection has been the main evolutionary driving force causing morphological divergence in the subfamily. The two taxa, one from Japan (No. trulla), the other Australia (Ne. fenestrata), have perhaps been separated since the breakup of Pangaea, which started in the Middle Jurassic. This suggests that despite the long geographical isolation, many aspects of ostracod anatomy have remained unchanged over long periods of time. On reviewing the taxonomy of the family, we conclude that monophyly needs to be confirmed with further work, and the subfamily Notodromadinae can be divided into two groups: the Notodromas-group and the Newnhamia-group.
References
Aguilar-Alberola, J.A. & Mesquita-Joanes, F. (2013) Ontogeny of Heterocypris bosniaca (Ostracoda: Cyprididae): descriptions of postembryonic instars and rediscovery of the neglected A-9 stage. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 33 (3), 348–371. https://doi.org/10.1163/1937240X-00002133
Anderson, F.W. (1966) New genera of Purbeck and Wealden Ostracoda. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology, 11 (9), 435–446.
Andersson, A. & Nilsson, D.E. (1981) Fine structure and optical properties of an ostracode (Crustacea) nauplius eye. Protoplasma, 107, 361–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01276836
Austen, P.A. & Batten, D.J. (2018) English Wealden fossils: an update. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association, 129, 171–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2018.02.007
Baltanás, A., Otero, M., Arqueros, L., Rossetti, G. & Rossi, V. (2000) Ontogenetic changes in the carapace shape of the non-marine ostracod Eucypris virens (Jurine). Hydrobiologia, 419, 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003994209369
Battish, S.K. (1981) Two new species of Centrocypris Vávra, 1895 (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Punjab, India. Journal of Natural History, 15, 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938100770091
Battish, S.K. (1987) A new Recent genus and species of Notodromadinid ostracod from India. Researches on Crustacea, 16, 127–135. https://doi.org/10.18353/rcustacea.16.0_127
Bonaduce, G. & Danielopol, D.L. (1988) To see and not be seen: the evolutionary problems of the Ostracoda Xestoleberididae. In: Hanai, T., Ikeya, N. & Ishizaki, K (Eds.), Evolutionary Biology of Ostracoda, Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy 11. Kodansha, Tokyo and Elsevier, Amsterdam, Oxford, New York and Tokyo, pp. 375–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5446(08)70196-1
Broodbakker, N.W. & Danielopol, D.L. (1982) The chaetotaxy of Cypridacea (Crustacea, Ostracoda) limbs: Proposals for a descriptive model. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 52, 103–120. https://doi.org/10.1163/26660644-05202003
Choi, B.-D., Wang, Y., Hu, L & Huh, M. (2020) Ostracod faunas from the Dalazi and Tongfosi formations (Yanji Basin, northeast China): Biostratigraphic, palaeogeographic and palaeoecological implications. Cretaceous Research, 105, 104018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2018.11.015
Claus, C. (1868) Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Ostracoden. I. Entwicklungsgeschichte von Cypris. Schriften der Gesellschaft zur Beförderung der Gesammten Naturwissenschaften zu Marburg, 9, 151–166.
Danielopol, D.L. (1978) Über Herkunft und Morphologie der Süßwasser-hypogäischen Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda). Sitzungsberichte der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Abteilung I, 187 (1/5), 1–162.
Danielopol, D.L., Baltanás, A., Namiotko, T., Geiger W., Pichler, M., Reina, M. & Roidmayr, G. (2008) Developmental trajectories in geographically separated populations of non-marine ostracods: morphometric applications for palaeoecological studies. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 88 (1), 183–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03043988
Danielopol, D.L., Pinto, R.L., Gross, M., Pereira, J.S. & Riedl, N. (2014) On the evolutionary biology of Elpidium ostracods (Limnocytheridae, Timiriaseviinae): a proposal for pluridisciplinary studies. Geo-Eco-Marina, 20, 87–129.
De Deckker, P. (1979) Comparative morphology and review of Australian Notodromadinae Kaufmann 1900. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 59 (5/6), 417–463.
De Deckker, P. & Martens, K. (2013) Extraordinary morphological changes in valve morphology during the ontogeny of several species of the Australian ostracod genus Bennelongia (Crustacea, Ostracoda). European Journal of Taxonomy, 35, 1–37. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2013.36
Díaz, A. & Martens, K. (2018) On Argentodromas bellanella gen. nov., sp. nov. (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from a stream in northeastern Argentina (South America). Zoological Studies, 57 (10), 1–13.
El Hajj, L., Horne, D.J., Baudin, F., Gèze, R. & Azar, D. (2020) The first non‐marine ostracod fauna from the Lower Barremian dysodiles of Lebanon. Lethaia, 54, 129–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/let.12393
Fox, H.M. (1964) On the larval stages of cyprids and on Siphlocandona (Crustacea, Ostracoda). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 142, 165–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1964.tb05160.x
Fox, H.M. (1966) Ostracods from the environs of Pallanza. Memorie dell’Istituto Italiano de Idrobiologia, 20, 25–39.
George, S. & Martens, K. (2003) On a new species of the genus Newnhamia King, 1855 (Crustacea, Ostracoda) raised from Chalakkudy River sand, (Kerala, India), with notes on the taxonomy and distribution of the Notodromadidae. Hydrobiologia, 497, 25–37. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025453302991
Ghaouaci, S., Yavuzatmaca, M., Külköylüoğlu, O. & Amarouayache, M. (2017) An annotated checklist of the non-marine ostracods (Crustacea) of Algeria with some ecological notes. Zootaxa, 4290 (1), 140–154. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4290.1.8
Ghetti, P.F. (1970) The taxonomic significance of ostracod larval stages: with examples from the Burundi ricefields. Bollettino di Zoologia, 37, 103–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/11250007009438670
Green, J. (1973) A new species of Oncocypris (Ostracoda) from a crater lake in West Cameroon. Journal of Zoology, 171, 251–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1973.tb02219.x
Gurney, R. (1921) Fresh-water Crustacea collected by Dr. P. A. Buxton in Mesopotamia and Persia. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 27, 835–343.
Hall, R. (2009) Southeast Asia’s changing palaeogeography. Blumea, 54, 148–161. https://doi.org/10.3767/000651909X475941
Hartmann, G. (1963) Zur Phylogenie und Systematik der Ostracoden. Zeitschrift für zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung, 1 (1–2), 1–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.1963.tb01626.x
Hartmann, G. & Puri, H.S. (1974) Summary of neontological and paleontological classification of Ostracoda. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 70, 7–73.
Holmes, J.A., Fothergill, P.A., Street-Perrott, F.A. & Perrott, A. (1998) A high-resolution Holocene ostracod record from the Sahel zone of Northeastern Nigeria. Journal of Paleolimnology, 20, 369–380. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007923304411
Horne, D.J. & Martens, K. (1998) An assessment of the importance of resting eggs for the evolutionary success of Mesozoic non-marine cypridoidean Ostracoda (Crustacea). Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Special Issues in Advanced Limnology, 52, 549–561.
Horne, D.J. & Smith, R.J. (2004) First British record of Potamocypris humilis (Sars, 1924), a freshwater ostracod with a disjunct distribution in Europe and southern Africa. Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 43 (1–2), 297–306.
Horne, D.J., Smith, R.J., Whittaker, J.E. & Murray, J.W. (2004) The first British record and a new species of the superfamily Terrestricytheroidea (Crustacea, Ostracoda): morphology, ontogeny, lifestyle and phylogeny. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 142, 253–288. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00134.x
Hornibrook, N. de B. (1955) Ostracoda in the deposits of Pyramid Valley Swamp. Records of the Canterbury Museum, 6 (4), 267–277.
Janz, H. (1997) Die Ostrakoden der kleini-Schichten des miozänen Kratersees von Steinheim am Albuch (Süddeutschland). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B, 251, 1–101.
Janz, H. (2000) An example of intralacustrine evolution at an early stage: the freshwater ostracods of the Miocene crater lake of Steinheim (Germany). Hydrobiologia, 419, 103–117. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003914830750
Kaji, T. (2010) Ontogeny and function of the fifth limb in cypridocopain ostracods. Zoological Science, 27, 673–677. https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.27.673
Kaufmann, A. (1900) Cypriden und Darwinuliden der Schweiz. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 8, 209–423. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.10584
Kesling R.V. (1951) The morphology of ostracod molt stages. Illinois Biological Monographs, 21, 1–324. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50392
King, R.L. (1855) On Australian entomostracans. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Van Diemen’s Land, 3 (1), 56–75.
Kiss, A. (2004) Field and laboratory observations on the microhabitat and food selection as well as predator avoidance of Notodromas monacha (Crustacea: Ostracoda). Revista Española de Micropaleontología, 36 (1), 147–156.
Klie, W. (1935) Süßwasser-Ostracoden aus Uruguary. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 29, 282–295.
Klie, W. (1938) Ostracoden aus Formosa. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 8, 21–33.
Klie, W. (1944) Ostracoda. Exploration du Parc National Albert, Mission H. Damas (1935–1936), 12, 1–62.
Kubanç, N., Özulug, O. & Kubanç, C. (2007) The ontogeny of appendages of Heterocypris salina (Brady, 1868) Ostracoda (Crustacea). Hydrobiologia, 585, 255–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-0642-5
Lilljeborg, W. (1853) De crustaceis ex ordinibus tribus Cladocera, Ostracoda et Copepoda, in Scania Occurrentibus. Berlingska boktryckeriet, Lund, XVI + 222 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11409
Martens, K. (1987) Homology and functional morphology of the sexual dimorphism in the antenna of Sclerocypris Sars, 1924 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Megalocypridinae). Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 57, 183–190. https://doi.org/10.1163/26660644-05702003
Matzke-Karasz, R. (1997) Descriptive nomenclature and external morphology of the Zenker‘s organs of Cypridoidea (Crustacea, Ostracoda). Sonderveröffentlichungen, Geologisches Institut der Universität zu Köln, 114, 295–315.
Matzke-Karasz, R., Neil, J.V., Smith, R.J., Godthelp, H., Archer, M. & Hand, S.J. (2013) Ostracods (Crustacea) with soft part preservation from Miocene cave deposits of the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, NW Queensland, Australia. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 11, 789–819. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2012.760007
Meisch, C. (2000) Freshwater Ostracoda of Western and Central Europe. In: Schwoerbel, J. & Zwick, P. (Eds.), Süßwasserfauna von Mitteleuropa 8/3. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin, 522 pp.
Meisch, C., Smith, R.J. & Martens, K. (2019) A subjective global checklist of the extant non marine Ostracoda (Crustacea). European Journal of Taxonomy, 492, 1–135. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2019.492
Müller, F. (1880) Wasserthiere in Baumwipfeln Elpidium Bromeliarum. Kosmos, 6, 386–388.
Müller, O.F. (1776) Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae Indigenarum; characteres, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularium. Typis Hallageriis, Havniae, XXXII + 282 pp.. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.63795
Müller, G.W. (1894) Die Ostracoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, Monographie, 21, 1–404.
Müller, G.W. (1898) Ergebnisse einer zoologischen Forschungsreise in Madagaskar und Ost-Africa 1889–1895 von Dr. A. Voeltzkow: Die Ostracoden. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 21 (2), 255–296.
Neale, J.W. (1976a) On Centrocypris viridis Neale sp. nov. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 3 (3), 13–20.
Neale, J.W. (1976b) On Oncocypris pustulosa Gurney. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 3 (4), 21–28.
Neale, J.W. (1984) The freshwater Ostracoda. In: Fernando, C.H. (Ed.), Ecology and Biogeography in Sri Lanka. Monographiae Biologicae, 57, pp. 171–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6545-4_9
Neale, J.W. & Zhao, Y. (1991) A new species of the fresh-water genus Notodromas (Ostracoda) from Heilongjiang, Northeast China. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 8 (2), 171–181.
Okada, R., Tsukagoshi, A., Smith, R.J. & Horne, D.J. (2008) The ontogeny of the platycopid Keijcyoidea infralittoralis (Ostracoda: Podocopa). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 153, 213–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00383.x
Okubo, I. (2003) The freshwater ostracod Notodromas monacha (O. F. Müller, 1776). Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 58, 43–48. [in Japanese]
Reeves, J.M., De Deckker, P. & Halse, S.A. (2007) Groundwater ostracods from the arid Pilbara region of northwestern Australia: distribution and water chemistry. Hydrobiologia, 585, 99–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-0632-7
Roessler, E.W. (1983) Estudios taxonomicos, ontogeneticos, ecologicos y etologicos sobre los ostracodes de agua dulce en Colombia. IV. Desarrollo postembrionario de Heterocypris bogotensis Roessler (Ostracoda, Podocopa, Cyprididae). Caldasia, 13 (65), 755–776.
Roessler, E.W. (1998) On crucial developmental stages in podocopid ostracod ontogeny and their prenauplius as a missing link in crustacean phylogeny. Archiv für Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology, 52, 535–547.
Rome, D.R. (1962) Ostracodes. Exploration Hydrobiologique du Lac Tanganika (1946–1947), 3 (8), 2–305.
Sames, B. (2008) Application of Ostracoda and Charophyta from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Tendaguru formation at Tendaguru, Tanzania (East Africa) — Biostratigraphy, palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 264, 213–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.03.053
Sars, G.O. (1903) Fresh-water Entomostraca from China and Sumatra. Archiv for Mathematik og Naturvidenskab, B, 25, 3–44.
Sars, G.O. (1923) An Account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. Vol. IX. Ostracoda. Parts III & IV Polycopidae (concluded), Cytherellidae, Cypridae (part). Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 33–72.
Sars, G.O. (1925) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. Vol. IX. Ostracoda. Parts V & VI. Cypridae (continued). Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 73–208.
Savatenalinton, S. (2015) On three new species of non-marine ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Northeast Thailand. Zootaxa, 3914 (3), 275–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3914.3.3
Schöning, C. (1994) Zur Kenntnis der subfossilen Ostracoden des nordwestlichen Sudans. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 91, 91–108.
Schöning, C. (1996) Subrecent Ostracoda (Crustacea) from the Sudan, with a description of the juvenile stages of Oncocypris muelleri (Daday, 1910). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 93, 39–56.
Schreiber, E. (1922) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Morphologie, Entwicklung und Lebensweise der Süßwasser-Ostracoden. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere, 43, 485–539.
Scotese, C.R. (2021) An atlas of Phanerozoic paleogeographic maps: the seas come in and the seas go out. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 49, 669–718. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-081320-064052
Smith, R.J. (2000) Morphology and ontogeny of Cretaceous ostracods with preserved appendages from Brazil. Palaeontology, 43, 63–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4983.00119
Smith, R.J. (2014) Ostracoda: Podocopa. In: Martin, J.W., Olesen, J. & Høeg, J.T. (Eds.), Atlas of Crustacean Larvae. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, pp. 165–168.
Smith, R.J. & Kamiya, T. (2002) The ontogeny of Neonesidea oligodentata (Bairdioidea, Ostracoda, Crustacea). Hydrobiologia, 489, 245–275. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023221303564
Smith, R.J. & Kamiya, T. (2003) The ontogeny of Loxoconcha japonica Ishizaki, 1968 (Cytheroidea, Ostracoda, Crustacea). Hydrobiologia, 490, 31–52. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023464320403
Smith, R.J. & Kamiya, T. (2005) The ontogeny of the entocytherid ostracod Uncinocythere occidentalis (Kozloff & Whitman, 1954) Hart, 1962 (Crustacea). Hydrobiologia, 538, 217–229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-004-4965-1
Smith, R.J. & Kamiya, T. (2007) Copulatory behaviour and sexual morphology of three Fabaeformiscandona Krstic, 1972 (Candoninae, Ostracoda, Crustacea) species from Japan, including descriptions of two new species. Hydrobiologia, 585, 225–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-0640-7
Smith, R.J. & Kamiya, T. (2008) The ontogeny of two species of Darwinuloidea (Ostracoda, Crustacea). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 247, 275–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2008.05.002
Smith, R.J. & Kamiya, T. (2014) The freshwater ostracod (Crustacea) genus Notodromas Lilljeborg, 1853 (Notodromadidae) from Japan; taxonomy, ecology and lifestyle. Zootaxa, 3841 (2), 239–256. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3841.2.4
Smith, R.J. & Martens, K. 2000. The ontogeny of Eucypris virens (Cyprididae, Ostracoda). Hydrobiologia, 419, 31–63. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003985908460
Smith R.J. & Matzke-Karasz, R. (2008) The organ on the first segment of the cypridoidean (Ostracoda, Crustacea) antennule: morphology and phylogenetic significance. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 88 (1), 127–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03043984
Smith, R.J., Matzke-Karasz, R., Kamiya, T. & Ikeda, Y. (2002) Scottia birigida sp. nov. (Cypridoidea: Ostracoda) from western Honshu, Japan and a key to the subfamily Scottiinae Bronstein, 1947. Zootaxa, 126 (1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.126.1.1
Smith, R.J., Ozawa, H., Kawashima, K. & Nakai, S. (2021) A new species of Pseudostrandesia Savatenalinton and Martens, 2009 (Ostracoda, Crustacea) collected from two pet shops in central Japan: an alien species? Zoological Science, 38, 481–493. https://doi.org/10.2108/zs210027
Smith, R.J. & Tsukagoshi, A. (2005) The ontogeny and musculature of the antennule of podocope ostracods (Crustacea). Journal of Zoology, 265, 157–177. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095283690400617X
Swanson, K.M. (1989) Manawa staceyi n. sp. (Punciidae, Ostracoda): soft anatomy and ontogeny. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 113, 235–249.
Tanaka, G. (2005) Morphological design and fossil record of the podocopid ostracod naupliar eye. Hydrobiologia, 538, 231–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-004-4969-x
Tetart, J. (1970) L’éclosion des oeufs des Ostracodes d’eau douce: étude de l’évolution des pontes, de l’ultrastructure des membranes de l’oeuf et du processus d’éclosion. Travaux du Laboratoire d’Hydrobiologie et de Pisciculture de l‘Université de Grenoble, 61, 189–209.
Tetart, J. (1971) Etude de quelques populations d’Ostracodes dans des milieux astatiques de la vallée de l’Isère. Travaux du Laboratoire d’Hydrobiologie et de Pisciculture l‘Université de Grenoble, 62, 75–130.
Van der Broecke, L., Martens, K., Pieri, V. & Schön, I. (2012) Ostracod valves as efficient UV protection. Journal of Limonology, 71 (1), 119–124. https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2012.e12
Vávra, V. (1895) Die von Dr. F. Stuhlmann gesammelten Süsswasser-Ostracoden Zanzibar’s. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 12, 1–23.
Whatley, R. & Bajpai, S. (2000) A new fauna of Late Cretaceous non-marine Ostracoda from the Deccan intertrappean beds of Lakshmipur, Kachchh (Kutch) District, Gujarat, Western India. Revista Española de Micropaleontología, 32 (3), 385–409.
Wouters, K. (1984) The Renaudcypridinae (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Bogia area (Papua New Guinea). Indo-Malayan Zoology, 2, 163–175.
Wouters, K. (1997) A new genus of the family Pontocyprididae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from the Indian and Pacific Oceans, with the description of two new species. Bulletin de l’Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 67, 67–76.
Wouters, K. (2001) On the genera Dolerocypria and Hansacypris (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with the description of three new species from Papua New Guinea. Bulletin de l’Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 71, 101–112.
Yousef, E.A. & Moustafa, A.Y. (2017) The ontogeny of appendages and carapace of Neonesidea schulzi (Ostracoda: Bairdiidae) from the Red Sea coast, Egypt. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, 61 (4), 225–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1339641
Zenker, G.F.W. (1854) Monographie der Ostracoden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 20 (1), 1–87.