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Type: Article
Published: 2022-05-19
Page range: 351-387
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Partial redescriptions of three holothurians with “hook papillae” (Apodida: Chiridotidae): Taeniogyrus japonicus (Marenzeller, 1882), T. dendyi (Mortensen, 1925), Scoliorhapis theelii (Heding, 1928)

Wakayama Prefectural Museum of Natural History, Funoo 370-1, Kainan, Wakayama 642-0001, Japan.
Laboratorio de Sistemática y Ecología de Equinodermos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)., Circuito Ext. s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, CP. 04510, México.
Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Wakayama College, 77 Noshima, Nada-cho, Gobo, Wakayama 644-0023, Japan. Present address: Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
San'in Kaigan Geopark Museum of the Earth and Sea, 1794-4 Makidani, Iwami, Tottori 681-0001, Japan.
Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 1024 Koajiro, Misaki, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan
Marine Biological Station, Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability, Niigata University, 87 Tassha, Sado, Niigata 952-2135, Japan.
Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Wakayama College, 77 Noshima, Nada-cho, Gobo, Wakayama 644-0023, Japan.
Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Wakayama College, 77 Noshima, Nada-cho, Gobo, Wakayama 644-0023, Japan. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Echinodermata sea cucumber sigmoid-hooks morphological characters molecular taxonomy Tottori Niigata Sado Island

Abstract

New specimens of Taeniogyrus japonicus (Marenzeller) were collected from Iwami coast and Sado island of the Sea of Japan. According to detailed observations of external and internal organs, we transferred T. japonicus, T. dendyi (Mortensen), and Scoliorhapis theelii (Heding) to the newly revived genus Scoliodota, with a large retractor organ and hook papillae as major diagnostic characters. We also concluded that Scoliorhapis dianthus Solis-marin et al. is a synonym of T. japonicus. Our molecular phylogeny and genetic distance analysis showed that specimens from Iwami and specimens from Sado of T. japonicus form a monophyletic clade, indicating that they are most likely the same species despite their morphological variation. The phylogenetic analysis also indicated that T. japonicus forms a sister group relationship with Taeniogyrus verruculosus Yamana & Tanaka and Scoliorhapis sesokoensis Yamana & Tanaka, suggesting that Taeniogyrus is not monophyletic. Taken together, these results brought new insights to sea cucumber diversity in Japanese waters.

 

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