Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2022-12-13
Page range: 456-466
Abstract views: 275
PDF downloaded: 44

First larvae of Raphidioptera from Eocene Sakhalinian and Rovno ambers

Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.
2Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, ul. Bogdana Khmel’nitskogo 15, Kiev, 01030 Ukraine; Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 123, Moscow, 117647, Russia
3Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab., 1, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
4Saint-Petersburg State University, 16-liniya, 29, Saint-Petersburg, 199178, Russia.
Raphidioptera Fossil larvae Rovno amber Sakhalinian amber insect assemblage snakeflies ants micro-CT

Abstract

We describe two larvae of Raphidioptera probably belonging to different genera of Raphidiidae, the first recorded from middle Eocene Sakhalinian amber and late Eocene Rovno amber. The Sakhalinian larva is the first confirmed representative of Raphidioptera from the Cenozoic of Asia, and most probably the oldest larvae of an extant family of the order. The Rovno amber larva is the first European Cenozoic immature raphidiopteran found outside of Russo-Scandia. The terrestrial insect assemblage of the Sakhalinian amber forest is discussed, including snakeflies. An abundance of aphids and rarity of ants distinguishes this assemblage from other Cenozoic amber faunas.

 

References

  1. Archibald, S.B. & Makarkin, V.N. (2021) Early Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of western North America from the Okanagan Highlands and Green River Formation. Zootaxa, 4951 (1), 41–79 [erratum: 4964 (3), 600]. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4951.1.2
    Aspöck, H. (2002) The biology of Raphidioptera: a review of present knowledge. In: Sziráki, G. (Ed.), Neuropterology 2000. Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Neuropterology. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 48 (Supplement 2), 35–50.
    Aspöck, H., Aspöck, U. & Rausch, H. (1991) Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Ökologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Übersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). 2 Vols. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld, 730 & 550 pp.
    Baranov, V., Andersen, T. & Perkovsky, E.E. (2015) Orthoclads from Eocene amber from Sakhalin (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Insect Systematics and Evolution, 46 (4), 359–378. https://doi.org/10.1163/1876312X-45032122
    Batelka, J., Perkovsky, E.E. & Prokop, J. (2020) Diversity of Eocene Ripiphoridae with descriptions of the first species of Pelecotominae and larva of Ripidiinae (Coleoptera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 188, 412–433. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz062
    Besuchet C. (1956) Biologie, morphologie et systematique des Rhipidius. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 29, 73–144.
    Beutel, R.G. & Ge, S.Q. (2008) The larval head of Raphidia (Raphidioptera, Insecta) and its phylogenetic significance. Zoology, 111, 89–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2007.03.005
    Colombo, W.D., Perkovsky, E.E. & Vasilenko, D.V. (2021) The first sclerodermine flat wasp (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) from the upper Eocene Rovno amber, Ukraine. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, 45, 429–434. https://doi.org/10.1080/03115518.2021.2006311
    Davidian, E.M., Kaliuzhna, M.O. & Perkovsky, E.E. (2021a) First aphidiine species from Sakhalinian amber. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 66 (3), s059–s065. https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00843.2020
    Davidian, E.M., Manukyan, A.R. & Belokobylskij, S.A. (2021b) New aphidiine genus from Sakhalinian amber. Palaeoentomology, 4 (6), 537–543. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.6.3
    Dietrich, C.H. & Perkovsky, E.E. (2019) First record of Cicadellidae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha) from Eocene Sakhalinian amber. ZooKeys, 886, 127–134. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.886.38828
    Engel, M.S. (2002) The smallest snakefly (Raphidioptera: Mesoraphidiidae): a new species in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, with a catalog of fossil snakeflies. American Museum Novitates, 3363, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2002)363<0001:TSSRMA>2.0.CO;2
    Engel, M.S. & Grimaldi, D.A. (2008) Diverse Neuropterida in Cretaceous amber, with particular reference to the paleofauna of Myanmar (Insecta). Nova Supplementa Entomologica, 20, 1–86.
    Fabricius, I.C. (1781) Species insectorum: exhibentes differentias specificas, synonyma auctorum, loca natalia, metamorphosin adiectis observationibus, descriptionibus. Vol. 1. impensis C. E. Bohnii, Hamburgi et Kilonii, 552 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.36509
    Fedotova, Z.A. & Perkovsky, E.E. (2016) A new genus and species of gall midges of the supertribe Heteropezidi (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) found in Eocene amber from Sakhalin. Paleontological Journal, 50 (9), 1033–1037. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030116090045
    Grimaldi, D. (2000) A diverse fauna of Neuropterodea in amber from the Cretaceous of New Jersey. In: Grimaldi, D. (Ed.), Studies on Fossils in Amber, with Particular Reference to the Cretaceous of New Jersey. Backhuys, Leiden, pp. 259–303.
    Gröhn, C. (2015) Einschlüsse im baltischen Bernstein. Wachholtz Verlag—Murmann, Kiel, 424 pp.
    Gröhn, C. (2020) Inclusions in Baltic amber. Siri Scientific Press, London, 436 pp.
    Gumovsky, A., Perkovsky, E. & Rasnitsyn, A. (2018) Laurasian ancestors and “Gondwanan” descendants of Rotoitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): what a review of Late Cretaceous Baeomorpha revealed. Cretaceous Research, 84, 286–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.10.027
    Haug, J.T., Engel, M.S., Mendes dos Santos, P., Haug, G.T., Müller, P. & Haug, C. (2022) Declining morphological diversity in snakefly larvae during last 100 million years. Paläontologische Zeitschrift. [in press] https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-022-00609-7
    Haug, J.T., Müller, P. & Haug, C. (2020) A 100 million-year-old snake-fly larva with an unusually large antenna. Bulletin of Geosciences, 95, 167–177. https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1757.
    Ignatov, M.S. & Perkovsky, E.E. (2013) Mosses from Sakhalinian amber (Russian Far East). Arctoa, 22, 79–82. https://doi.org/10.15298/arctoa.22.11
    Janzen, J.W. (2002) Arthropods in Baltic amber. Ampyx Verlag, Halle, 167 pp.
    Kazantsev, S.V. & Perkovsky, E.E. (2019) A new genus of soldier beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cantharidae: Cantharinae) from Sakhalinian amber. Paleontological Journal, 53 (3), 300–304. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030119030067
    Kazantsev, S.V. & Perkovsky, E.E. (2022) Imprint of a Helcophorus Fairmaire, 1881: the first net-winged beetle (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from Rovno amber. Zootaxa, 5128 (1), 84–90. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5128.1.4
    Keilbach, R. (1982) Bibliographie und Liste der Arten tierischer Einschlüsse in fossilen Harzen sowie ihrer Aufbewahrungsorte. Teil 1. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Neue Folge, 29 (1/3), 129–286. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.4810290121
    Kobbert, M.J. (2005) Bernstein—Fenster in die Urzeit. Planet Poster Press, Göttingen, 224 pp.
    Kodrul, T.M. (1999) Fitostratigrafiya paleogena Yuzhnogo Sakhalina [Paleogene phytostratig­raphy of South Sakhalin]. Nauka, Moscow, 150 pp. [Trudy Instituta Geologii, Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Vol. 519, in Russian]
    LaPolla, J.S., Dlussky, G.M. & Perrichot, V. (2013) Ants and the fossil record. Annual Review of Entomology, 58, 609–630. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-120710-100600
    Legalov, A.A., Vasilenko, D.V. & Perkovsky, E.E. (2022a) New proxy for Moraceae in Priabonian of Europe: first record of the genus Demimaea Pascoe, 1870 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Eocene Rovno amber. Historical Biology. [in press] https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2022.2089983
    Legalov, A.A., Vasilenko, D.V. & Perkovsky, E.E. (2022b).The American tribes Anypotactini and Eudiagogini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in Eocene of Europe as indicators of Eocene climate with description a new species. Diversity, 14, 767. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14090767
    Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema natura per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus I. Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542
    Liu, X.Y., Ren, D. & Yang, D. (2014) New transitional fossil snakeflies from China illuminate the early evolution of Raphidioptera. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 14, 84. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-84
    MacLeod, E.G. (1964) A comparative morphological study of the head capsule and cervix of larval Neuroptera (Insecta). Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, [iii] + 528 pp.
    Makarkin, V.N. & Archibald, S.B. (2014) A revision of the late Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of the Florissant Formation, Colorado, with special reference to the wing venation of the Raphidiomorpha. Zootaxa, 3784 (4), 401–444. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3784.4.4
    Marusik, Yu.M., Perkovsky, E.E. & Eskov, K.Yu. (2018) First records of spiders (Arachnida: Aranei) from Sakhalinian amber with description of a new species of the genus Orchestina Simon, 1890. Far Eastern Entomologist, 367, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.367.1
    Michat, M.C., Archangelsky, M. & Fernández, L.A. (2010) Larval description and chaetotaxic analysis of Gyrinus monrosi Mouchamps, 1957 (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae). Koleopterologische Rundschau, 80, 1–14.
    Minoshima, Y. & Hayashi, M. (2012) Larval morphology of Amphiops mater mater Sharp (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriini). Zootaxa, 3351 (1), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3351.1.5
    Mitov, P.G., Perkovsky, E.E. & Dunlop, J.A. (2021) Harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine). Zootaxa, 4984 (1), 43–72. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.6
    Navás, L. (1915) Neurópteros nuevos o poco conocidos (Quinta serie). Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, 11, 455–480.
    Olmi, M., Eggs, B., Capradossi, L., van de Kamp, T., Perkovsky, E.E., Guglielmino, A. & Vasilenko, D.V. (2022a) A new species of Bocchus from upper Eocene Rovno amber (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 92, 257–272. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.92.87084
    Olmi, M., Guglielmino, A., Vasilenko, D.V. & Perkovsky, E.E. (2022b) Discovery of the first apterous pincer wasp from amber, with description of a new tribe, genus and species of Apodryininae (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae). Zootaxa, 5162 (1), 54–66. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5162.1.3
    Perkovsky, E.E. (2013) Eohelea sinuosa (Meunier, 1904) (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in Late Eocene ambers of Europe. Paleontological Journal, 47 (5), 503–512. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030113040163
    Perkovsky, E.E. (2018) Only a half of species of Hymenoptera in Rovno amber is common with Baltic amber. Vestnik Zoologii, 52, 353–360. https://doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2018-0037
    Perkovsky, E.E. (2022) Two different Cretaceous worlds: Taimyr and Kachin amber trichopterofaunas. Zoodiversity, 56 (1), 51–56. https://doi.org/10.15407/zoo2022.01.051
    Perkovsky, E.E., Hava, J. & Zaitsev, A.A. (2021) First finding of skin beetle (Coleoptera, Dermestidae) from Sakhalinian amber. Paleontological Journal, 55 (2), 184–192. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030121020118
    Perkovsky, E.E. & Makarkin, V.N. (2019) A new species of Succinoraphidia Aspöck & Aspöck, 2004 (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae) from the late Eocene Rovno amber, with venation characteristics of the genus. Zootaxa, 4576 (3), 570–580. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4576.3.9
    Perkovsky, E.E. & Makarkin, V.N. (2020) A new species of Sympherobius Banks (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) from the late Eocene Rovno amber. Palaeoentomology, 3 (2), 196–203. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.3.2.9
    Perkovsky, E.E., Rasnitsyn, A.P., Vlaskin, A.P. & Rasnitsyn, S.P. (2012) Contribution to the study of the structure of amber forest communities based on analysis of syninclusions in the Rovno Amber (Late Eocene of Ukraine). Paleontological Journal, 46, 293–301. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030112030136
    Perkovsky, E.E. & Wegierek, P. (2018) Aphid–Buchnera–Ant symbiosis; or why are aphids rare in the tropics and very rare further south? Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 107 (2/3), 297–310. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691017000147
    Perrichot, V. & Engel, M.S. (2007) Early Cretaceous snakefly larvae in amber from Lebanon, Myanmar, and France (Raphidioptera). American Museum Novitates, 3598, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3598[1:ECSLIA]2.0.CO;2
    Petrunkevitch, A. (1957) Eohelea stridulans, n. gen., n. sp., a striking example of paramorphism in an amber biting-midge. Journal of Paleontology, 31 (1), 208–214.
    Pictet-Baraban, F.J. & Hagen, H.A. (1856) Die im Bernstein befindlichen Neuropteren der Vorwelt. In: Berendt, G.C. (Ed.), Die im Bernstein befindlichen organischen Reste der Vorwelt gesammelt, in Verbindung mit Mehreren bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Dr. Georg Carl Berendt. Band 2, Abtheilung 2. Nicolaische Buchhandlung, Berlin, pp. 82–111.
    Radchenko, A.G. & Perkovsky, E.E. (2016) The ant Aphaenogaster dlusskyana sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Sakhalin amber—the earliest described species of an extant genus of Myrmicinae. Paleontological Journal, 50 (9), 936–946. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030116090136
    Radchenko, A.G., Perkovsky, E.E. & Vasilenko, D.V. (2021) Formica species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Formicinae) in late Eocene Rovno amber. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 82, 237–251. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.82.64599
    Scheven, J. (2004) Bernstein-Einschlüsse: Eine untergegangene Welt bezeugt die Schöpfung. Erinnerungen an die Welt vor der Sintflut. Kuratorium Lebendige Vorwelt, Hofheim a.T., 160 pp.
    Simutnik, S.A. (2021) The earliest Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Historical Biology, 33 (11), 2931–2950. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2020.1835887
    Simutnik, S.A., Perkovsky, E.E. & Vasilenko, D.V. (2021) Sakhalinencyrtus leleji Simutnik gen. et sp. nov. of earliest Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from Sakhalinian amber. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 84, 361–372. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.66367
    Simutnik, S.A., Perkovsky, E.E., Khomych, M.R. & Vasilenko, D.V. (2022a) Two new genera of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with reduced ovipositor sheaths. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 89, 47–60. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.89.79180
    Simutnik, S.A., Perkovsky, E.E. & Vasilenko, D.V. (2022b) Protaphycus shuvalikovi Simutnik gen. et sp. nov. (Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae, Encyrtinae) from Rovno amber. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 91, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.91.81957
    Sokoloff, D.D., Ignatov, M.S., Remizowa, M.V., Nuraliev, M. S., Blagoderov, V., Garbout, A. & Perkovsky, E.E. (2018) Staminate flower of Prunus s. l. (Rosaceae) from Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine). Journal of Plant Research, 131, 925–943. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-018-1057-2
    Szadziewski, R. (1990) Biting midges (Insecta: Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Sakhalin amber. Prace Muzeum Ziemi, 41, 77–81.
    Tauber, C.A. (1991) Order Raphidioptera. In: Stehr, F.W. (Ed.), Immature insects, Vol. 2. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, Iowa, pp. 123–125.
    Telnov, D., Perkovsky, Е.E., Kundrata, R., Kairišs, K., Vasilenko, D.V. & Bukejs, A. (2022) Revealing Paleogene distribution of the Ptilodactylidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): the first Ptilodactyla Illiger, 1807 records from Rovno amber of Ukraine. Historical Biology, [in press] https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2022.2136034
    Thunberg C.P. (1806) Tvänne nya Insect-slägten, Ptyocerus och Ripidius. Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens nya Handlingar, 27, 1–6, pl. II.
    Tikhonenko [Tykhonenko], Yu.Ya., Gaevaya [Hayova], V.P., Sukhomlin, M.N., Ignatov, M.S., Vasilenko, D.V. & Perkovsky, E.E. (2021) The first find of spores of rust fungus (Pucciniales) from the middle Eocene Sakhalinian amber. Paleontological Journal, 55 (1), 105–110. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030121010135
    Tshernyshev, S.E. & Perkovsky, Е.E. (2021) Protomauroania mikhailovi – a new species of malachite beetles (Coleoptera, Dasytidae) in Rovno Amber. Zootaxa, 5006 (1), 189–194. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5006.1.20
    Tykhonenko, Y., Hayova, V., Ignatov, M., Vasilenko, D. & Perkovsky, E.E. (2021) A new species of rust fungi from the middle Eocene Sakhalinian amber. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 66 (4), 921–924. https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00917.2021
    Weidner, H. (1958) Einige interessante Insektenlarven aus der Bernsteininklusen-Sammlung des Geologischen Staatsinstituts Hamburg (Odonata, Coleoptera, Megaloptera, Planipennia). Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg, 27, 50–68.
    Weitschat, W. & Wichard, W. (1998) Atlas der Pflanzen und Tiere im Baltischen Bernstein. Dr. Friedrich Pfeil Verlag, München, 256 pp.
    Zherikhin, V.V. (1978) Development and changes in Cretaceous and Cenozoic faunistic complexes (tracheates and chelicerates). Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, 165, 1–200. [in Russian]

  2.