Abstract
A new facultatively cavernicolous planthopper species Borysthenes hainanensis sp. n., from Hainan Island, China, is described and illustrated. Specimens collected from lava tubes and above ground were found to be the same species but males of the former have smaller eyes. Distribution maps of the new and other species are given together with a checklist to all Borysthenes species and a key to Chinese ones. Type images of most Borysthenes species are also provided including Borysthenes dilectus (Walker), comb. n.
References
Bourgoin, T. (1988) A new interpretation of the homologies of the Hemiptera male genitalia illustrated by the Tettigometridae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha). In: Proceedings 6th Auchenorrhyncha Meeting, Turin, Italy, 7–11 September 1987, pp. 113–120.
Bourgoin, T. (1993) Female genitalia in Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha, morphological and phylogenetic data. Annales de la Société Entomologique France, 29 (3), 225–244.
Bourgoin, T. (2022) FLOW (Fulgoromorpha Lists on The Web): a world knowledge base dedicated to Fulgoromorpha. Version 8. Available from: http://flow.hemiptera–databases.org/flow/ (accessed 29 November 2022)
Bourgoin, T., Wang, R., Asche, M., Hoch, H., Soulier–Perkins, A., Stroiński, A., Yap, S. & Szwedo, J. (2015) From micropterism to hyperpterism: recognition strategy and standardized homology–driven terminology of the forewing venation patterns in planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). Zoomorphology, 134 (1), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-014-0243-6
Ceotto, P.C. & Bourgoin, T. (2008) Insights into the phylogenetic relationships within Cixiidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha): cladistic analysis of a morphological data set. Systematic Entomology, 33, 484–500.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00426.x
Distant, W.L. (1906) Rhynchota. (Heteroptera—Homoptera). The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. 3. Published under the authority of the Secretary of State for India in Council. Edited by Lt.-Col. C. T. Bingham. Taylor and Francis, London, xvi + 503 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48423
Distant, W.L. (1907) Current criticism. The Entomologist. An illustrated Journal of Entomology, London, 40, 2–3.
Distant, W.L. (1911) Descriptions of new genera and species of Oriental Homoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 8 (48), 735–747.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222931108693092
Dong, Y.L. (2021) Investigation on typical lava tunnels of Shishan Volcanic Group in Haikou. Chinese academy of geological science, Beijing, 61 pp.
Emeljanov, A.F. (1989) To the problem of division of the family Cixiidae (Homoptera, Cicadina). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 68 (1), 93–106. [in Russian]
Emeljanov, A.F. (2002) Contribution to classification and phylogeny of the family Cixiidae (Hemiptera; Fulgoromorpha). Denisia, 4, 103–112.
Fennah, R.G. (1956) Fulgoroidea from southern China. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 28 (13), 441–527.
https://biostor.org/reference/3135
Fennah, R.G. (1978) Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) from Vietnam. Annales Zoologici Warszawa, 34 (9), 207–279.
Hoch, H. & Howarth, F.G. (1989) Reductive evolution trend in two new cavernicolous species of a new Australian cixiid genus (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Systematic Entomology, 14, 179–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1989.tb00276.x
Hoch, H. (2002) Hidden from the light of day: planthoppers in subterranean habitats (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha). Denisia, 4, 139–146.
Hoch, H., Bonfils, J., Reynaud, B. & Attié, M. (2003) First record of troglobitic Hemiptera (Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae) from La Réunion Island. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 39 (3), 265–270. http://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2003.10697384
Hoch, H., Mühlethaler, R., Wachmann, E., Stelbrink, B. & Wessel, A. (2011) Celebenna thomarosa gen. n., sp. n. (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Cixiidae, Bennini) from Indonesia: Sulawesi with notes on its ecology and behaviour. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Neue Folge, 58, 241–250. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.201100027
Hoch, H., Mühlethaler, R. & Wessel, A. (2013) Acoustic communication in the subtroglophile planthopper Trigonocranus emmeae Fieber, 1876 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Oecleini). Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae, Brno, 98, 155–162.
Holzinger, W.E., Emeljanov, A.F. & Kammerlander, I. (2002) The family Cixiidae Spinola, 1839 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)—a review. Denisia, 4, 113–138.
Huang, J. (1995) Homoptera: Cixiidae. In: Zhu, T.A., Insects and macrofungi of Gutianshan, Zhejiang. Zhejiang Science and Technology Publishing House, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, pp. 52–53.
Ishihara, T. (1965) Aucheorrhyncha: Cixiidae. In: Asahina, S., Ishihara, T. & Yasumatsu, K. (Eds.), Iconographia Insectorum Japonicorum colore naturali edita. Vol. 3. Hokuryukan Publishing Company, Tokyo, pp. 1–132.
Kato, M. (1934) Notes on Japanese Homoptera, with description of one new genus and some new species. Vol. 2. The Entomological World. Organ of the Insect Lover’s Association, 1, 452–471.
Liang, A.P. (2005a) A new structure on the subantennal process of Borysthenes species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Borystheninae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 118 (4), 809–814. https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2005)118[809:ANSOTS]2.0.CO;2
Liang, A.P. (2005b) Occurrence of the latero-subapical labial sensillum in Borysthenes maculata and Andes marmorata (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae). Journal of Entomological Science, 4, 428–437. https://doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-40.4.428
Löcker, B., Fletcher, M., Lariviere, M., Gurr, G., Holzinger, W. & Löcker, H. (2006) Taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of the Gelastocephalini (Hemiptera: Cixiidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 20 (1), 59–160. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS05005
Luo, Y., Bourgoin, T., Szwedo, J. & Feng, J.N. (2021) Acrotiarini trib. nov., in the Cixiidae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar, with new insights in the classification of the family. Cretaceous Research, 128 (104959), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104959
Matsumura, S. (1914) Die Cixiinen Japans. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 8, 393–434.
Mayr, E. (1969) The biological meaning of species. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 1, 311–320.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1969.tb00123.x
Melichar, L. (1914) Homopteren von Java, gesammelt von herrn Edw. Jacobson. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 36, 91–112.
Metcalf, L. (1938) The Fulgoroidea of Barro Colorado and other parts of Panama. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 83 (5), 277–243, pl. 23.
Muir, F.A.G. (1913) On some new Fulgoroidea. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2, 237–269.
Muir, F.A.G. (1922) New Indian Homoptera. Records of the Indian Museum, 24, 343–355.
https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v24/i3/1922/162723
Muir, F.A.G. (1923a) New species of fulgorids (Homoptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 9, 11, 553–561.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932308632884
Muir, F.A.G. (1925) On the genera of Cixiidae, Meenoplidae and Kinnaridae (Fulgoroidea, Homoptera). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 1 (3), 104.
Remane, R. & Hoch, H. (1988) Cave-dwelling Fulgoroidea (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha) from the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History, 22 (2), 403–412.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938800770291
Sket, B. (2008) Can we agree on an ecological classification of subterranean animals?. Journal of Natural History, 42 (21), 1549–1563.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930801995762
Stål, C. (1866a) Hemiptera Homoptera Latr. Hemiptera Africana, 4, 1–276.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8566
Stål, C. (1866b) Analecta Hemipterologica. (continuatio). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 10 (4), 381–394.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.18660100410
Tsaur, S.C. & Lee, P.P. (1987) Cixiidae of Taiwan Part II: Bothriocerini. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of National Chung–Hsing University, 20, 7–14.
Van Stalle, J. (1984) Description of two new west-African species of the genus Borysthenes Stål with notes on Borysthenes mlanjensis Muir (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea, Cixiidae). Revue Zoologique Africaine, 98 (3), 591–595.
Walker, F. (1857) Catalogue of the Homopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, 1, 141–175.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1857.tb00966.x