Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5239 No. 1: 8 Feb. 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-02-08
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.1.2
Page range: 41-78
Abstract views: 317
PDF downloaded: 47

A revision of the Oriental antlion genera Indoleon Banks, 1913, Indophanes Banks, 1940 and Yunleon Yang, 1986 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Nemoleontinae)

Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Myrmeleontoidea lacewings new species new combination larval morphology larval biology Oriental region Neuroptera

Abstract

This paper deals with three Oriental genera of the antlion subfamily Nemoleontinae. The validity of two junior synonyms of Indoleon Banks, 1913, i.e., Indophanes Banks, 1940 and Yunleon Yang, 1986, are formally restored. Indoleon is treated as a monotypic genus represented by Indol. tacitus (Walker, 1860). Indophanes comprises eight species, including five known species: Indop. audax (Walker, 1853), Indop. barbarus (Walker, 1853), Indop. infestus (Walker, 1853), Indop. sinensis Banks, 1940, and Indop. vartianorum Hölzel, 1972; two new species: Indop. amicus sp. nov. and Indop. nanliae sp. nov.; and a new combination: Indop. fuscilomus (Yang, 1986) comb. nov. Yunleon comprises two species: Y. fluctosus Yang, 1988 and Y. longicorpus Yang, 1986. We also restore the validity of a junior synonym of Indop. audax (Walker, 1853), i.e., Myrmeleon gravis Walker, 1853, and transfer it to Distoleon Banks, 1910, i.e., D. gravis stat. rev. et comb. nov. Besides, we describe the larval morphology and biology of Indop. nanliae sp. nov. and Indop. sinensis Banks, 1940. It is the first record of the immature stage of Indophanes. A key to species of these three genera is provided. Meanwhile, we discuss the taxonomic position of the aforementioned three genera and their related genera, i.e., Paraglenurus van der Weele, 1909 and Thaumatoleon Esben-Petersen, 1923, and we consider that they should be placed into Megistopini rather than Nemoleontini.

References

  1. Ábrahám, L. & Giacomino, M. (2020) A little known and synonym ant-lions 2 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Natura Somogyiensis, 34, 21–72. https://doi.org/10.24394/NatSom.2020.34.21

  2. Aspöck, H., Aspöck, U. & Hölzel, H. (1980) Die Neuropteren Europas. Eine zusammenfassende Darstellung der Systematik, Ökologie und Chorologie der Neuropteroidea (Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Planipennia) Europas. Vols. 1 & 2. Joecke et Evers, Krefeld, 495 pp. & 355 pp.

  3. Aspöck, U. & Aspöck, H. (2008) Phylogenetic relevance of the genital sclerites of Neuropterida (Insecta: Holometabola). Systematic Entomology, 33, 97–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2007.00396.x

  4. Akhtar, S. (2018) DNA Based Identification and Genetic Diversity Studies of Antlion Species of Pakistan. PhD dissertation, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. [unknown pagination]

  5. Badano, D. & Pantaleoni, R.A. (2014) The larvae of European Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera). Zootaxa, 3762 (1), 1–71. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3762.1.1

  6. Badano, D., Aspöck, H. & Aspöck, U. (2017a) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genera Gymnocnemia Schneider, 1845, and Megistopus Rambur, 1842, with remarks on the systematization of the tribe Nemoleontini (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 64, 43–60. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.64.11704

  7. Badano, D., Aspöck, H., Aspöck, U. & Haring, E. (2017b) Eyes in the dark … Shedding light on the antlion phylogeny and the enigmatic genus Pseudimares Kimmins (Neuropterida: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 75, 535–554.

  8. Banks, N. (1913) Synopses and descriptions of exotic Neuroptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 39, 201–242.

  9. Banks, N. (1931) Some neuropteroid insects from the Malay Peninsula. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 16, 377–409.

  10. Banks, N. (1940) Report on certain groups of neuropteroid insects from Szechwan, China. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 88, 173–220. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.88-3079.173

  11. Breitkreuz, L.C.V., Winterton, S.L. & Engel, M.S. (2017) Wing tracheation in Chrysopidae and other Neuropterida (Insecta): a resolution of the confusion about vein fusion. American Museum Novitates, 3890, 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1206/3890.1

  12. Esben-Petersen, P. (1913) Mecoptera and Planipennia collected in Java by Edward Jacobson. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 35, 225–236.

  13. Ghosh, S.K. (1980) New record of the species Indophanes barbarus (Walker) [Myrmeleontidae: Neuroptera] from India. Bulletin of the Zoological Survey of India, 3, 119.

  14. Ghosh, S.K. (1983) Neuroptera from western peninsular India with new records. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 81, 77–87. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v81/i1-2/1983/161254

  15. Ghosh, S.K. (1984) Contribution to the taxonomical studies of Neuroptera (Suborder Planipennia) from eastern India. 1. Family Myrmeleontidae. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Miscellaneous Publications, Occasional Paper, 52, 1–63.

  16. Ghosh, S.K. (2000) Neuroptera fauna of north-east India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Miscellaneous Publications, Occasional Paper, 184, 1–179.

  17. Ghosh, S.K. & Sen, S. (1977) Check-list of Indian Planipennia (Order Neuroptera). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 73, 277–326. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v73/i1-4/1977/161921

  18. Hagen, H.A. (1858) Synopsis der Neuroptera Ceylons [Pars I]. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 8, 471–488.

  19. Hagen, H.A. (1860) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Myrmeleon Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 21, 359–369.

  20. Hagen, H. A. (1866) Hemerobidarum Synopsis synonymica. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 27, 369–462.

  21. Krivokhatsky, V., Dobosz, R. & Ábrahám, L. (2022) The new antlion genus Dominikon gen. nov. with the description of a new species, Dominikon aspoecki sp. nov. (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Zootaxa, 5196 (1), 94–114. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.4

  22. Lipovšek Delakorda, S., Pabst, M.A. & Devetak, D. (2009) Morphology of eyes and sensilla in antlion larvae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). In: Pabst, M.A. & Zelling, G. (Eds.), MC2009. Microscopy conference, Graz (Austria) 30 August-4 September 2009. First joint meeting of Dreiländertagung & Multinational Congress on Microscopy. Vol. 2. Life Sciences. Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz, Graz, pp. 403–404.

  23. Machado, R.J.P., Gillung, J.P., Winterton, S. L., Garzón-Orduña, I.J., Lemmon, A.R., Lemmon, E.M. & Oswald, J.D. (2019) Owlflies are derived antlions: anchored phylogenomics supports a new phylogeny and classification of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera). Systematic Entomology, 44, 418–450. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12334

  24. Machado, R.J.P. (2020) Rediscovery of Glenurus incalis Banks (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), and notes on the Brazilian species of Glenurus Hagen. Zootaxa, 4858 (1), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4858.1.10

  25. Machado, R.J.P. & Oswald, J.D. (2020) Morphological phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the former antlion subtribe Periclystina (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae). Zootaxa, 4796 (1), 1–322. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4796.1.1

  26. Matsumoto, R., Kikuta, Y. & Hayashi, F. (2021) Unexpected species diversity of Japanese Paraglenurus (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) based on DNA barcoding and adult and larval morphology. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 27, 1–30.

  27. McLachlan, R. (1867) New genera and species, & c., of neuropterous insects; and a revision of Mr. F. Walker's British Museum Catalogue of Neuroptera, part ii. (1853), as far as the end of the genus Myrmeleon. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 9, 230–281.

  28. Navás, L. (1913a) Bemerkungen über die Neuropteren der Zoologischen Staatssammlung in München. V. Mitteilungen der Münchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 4, 9–15.

  29. Navás, L. (1913b) Mis excursiones por el extranjero en el verano de 1912 (25 julio–16 septiembre). Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, 10, 479–514.

  30. Navás, L. (1917) Névroptères de l'Indo-Chine. 2e série. Insecta, Rennes, 7, 8–17.

  31. Navás, L. (1927) Névroptères de la Chine. Arkiv för Zoologi, 19A, 1–5.

  32. Navás, L. (1930) Insectos del Museo de París. 5.a série. Brotéria, Zoológica, 26, 5–24.

  33. Navás, L. (1931) Névroptères et insectes voisins. Chine et pays environnants. Deuxième [II] série. Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise, 1, 1–10.

  34. Navás, L. (1934) Névroptères et insectes voisins. Chine et pays environnants. Sixième [VI] série. Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise, 1, 1–8.

  35. Needham, J.G. (1909) Notes on the Neuroptera in the collection of the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 3, 185–210. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v3/i3/1909/163272

  36. Oswald, J.D. (2022) Neuropterida Species of the World. Lacewing Digital Library, Research Publication No. 1. Available from: http://lacewing.tamu.edu/SpeciesCatalog/Main (accessed 27 January 2022)

  37. Scott, B., & Smith, V. (2014) Dataset title data.nhm.ac.uk. URL. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5072/1 (accessed 1 September 2021)

  38. Stange, L.A. (2004) A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, Logan, Utah, 565 pp.

  39. van der Weele, H.W. (1909) Mecoptera and Planipennia of Insulinde, with biological notes. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 31, 1–100.

  40. Walker, F. (1853) s.n. In: List of the specimens of neuropterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part II (Sialidae-Nemopterides). British Museum, London, pp. 193–476.

  41. Wang, X.L., Zhan, Q.B. & Wang, A.Q. (2018) Fauna Sinica Insecta Vol. 68 Neuroptera Myrmeleontoidea. Science Press, Beijing, 285 pp.

  42. Yang, C.K. (1986) Thirty new species and four new genera of Neuroptera from Yunnan and the family Nemopteridae new to China. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Pekinensis, 12, 423–434.

  43. Yang, C.K. (1988) Neuroptera: Osmylidae, Dilaridae, Hemerobiidae, Chrysopidae, Mantispidae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae, Corydalidae. In: Huang, F.S., Wang, P.Y., Yin, W.Y., Yu, P.Y., Lee, T.S., Yang, C.K. & Wang, X.J. (Eds.), Insects of Mt. Namjagbarwa region of Xizang. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 193–216.

  44. Yang, C.K. (2002) Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae. In: Huang, F.S. (Eds.), Forest insects of Hainan. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 296–299.

  45. Zheng, Y.C. & Liu, X.Y. (2021) The rare antlion genus Thaumatoleon Esben-Petersen, 1921 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Nemoleontinae) newly recorded from mainland China, with first male description. Zootaxa, 4952 (3), 551–560. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4952.3.7