Abstract
Nanorana yunnanensis has been reported in Thailand for many years; however, no specimens have been verifiably described. To verify the identity of this species in Thailand, we observed Thai specimens formerly assigned to the species N. bourreti and N. yunnanensis. The 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and ND2 mitochondrial genes were used to clarify the taxonomic statuses of the Thai specimens. The results showed that our specimens formed a clade with N. yunnanensis, containing specimens from southern Yunnan and Vietnam. The respective mean sequence divergences of the 12S and 16S rRNA genes between populations from Thailand versus China were 0.59% and 1.09%, for populations from Thailand versus Vietnam were 0.57% and 0.61%, and for populations from China versus Vietnam were 0.59% and 1.09%. We provide descriptions of the tadpole and adult specimens of N. yunnanensis from Thailand.
References
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- McDiarmid, R.W. & Altig, R. (1999) Tadpoles: the biology of anuran larvae. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 458 pp.
- Nabhitabatha, J., Chan-ard, T. & Chuaynkern, Y. (2000) Check list of amphibians and reptiles in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, 152 pp.
- Niyomwan, P., Srisom, P. & Pawangkhanant, P. (2019) Amphibians of Thailand. Parbpim, Bangkok, 478 pp. [in Thai]
- Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest Version 2. Program Distributed by the Author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala. [program]
- Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (2017) Thailand Red Data: Vertebrates. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Bangkok, 112 pp. [in Thai]
- Ohler, A. (1996) Systematics, morphometrics and biogeography of the genus Aubria (Ranidae, Pyxicephalinae). Alytes, 13 (4), 141–166.
- Ohler, A. & Dubois, A. (1999) The identity of Elachyglossa gyldenstolpei Andersson, 1916 (Amphibia, Ranidae), with comments on some aspects of statistical support to taxonomy. Zoologica Scripta, 28, 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-6409.1999.00002.x
- Ohler, A. & Dubois, A. (2006) Phylogenetic relationships and generic taxonomy of the tribe Paini (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae, Dicroglossinae), with diagnoses of two new genera. Zoosystema, 28 (3), 769–784.
- Peng, J., Swofford, D.L. & Kubatko, L. (2022) Estimation of speciation times under the multispecies coalescent. Bioinformatics, 38 (23), 5182–5190. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btac679
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- Poyarkov, N.A., Nguyen, T.V., Popov, E.S., Geissler, P., Pawangkhanant, P., Neang, T., Suwannapoom & Orlov, N.L. (2021) Recent progress in taxonomic studies, biogeographic analysis, and revised checklist of amphibians in Indochina. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 28 (3A), 1–110. https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-3A-1-110
- Procheş, Ș. & Ramdhani, S. (2012) The world’s zoogeographical regions confirmed by cross-taxon analyses. BioScience, 62 (3), 260–270. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2012.62.3.7
- Qi, S., Zhou, Z.-Y., Lu, Y.-Y., Li, J.-L., Qin, H.-H., Hou, M., Zhang, Y., Ma, J. & Li, P.-P. (2019) A new species of Nanorana (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from southern Tibet, China. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 26, 159–174. https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2019-26-3-159-174
- Rais, M., Abbassi, S., Batool, T., Jilani, M.J., Assadi, M.A., Mubarak, H. & Baloch, S. (2014) A note on recapture of Nanorana vicina (Anura: Amphibia) from Murree, Pakistan. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 24, 455–458.
- Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van Der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61, 539c542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
- Simon, C., Frati, F., Beckenbach, A., Crespi, B., Liu, H. & Flook, P. (1994) Evolution, weighting, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 87 (6), 651–701. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/87.6.651
- Smith, M.A. (1922) Notes on reptiles and batrachians from Siam and Indo-China (No. 1). Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam, 4, 203–214.
- Stuart, B.L., Inger, R.F. & Voris, H.K. (2006) High level of cryptic species diversity revealed by sympatric lineages of Southeast Asian forest frogs. Biology Letters, 2, 470–474. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0505
- Suwannapoom, C., Nguyen, T.V., Poyarkov, N.A., Wu, Y.-H., Pawangkhanant, P., Lorphengsy, S. & Che, J. (2021) First national record of Quasipaa verrucospinosa (Bourret, 1937) (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Thailand with further comment on its taxonomic status. Biodiversity Data Journal, 9, e70473. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e70473
- Zhang, D.R., Chen, M.Y., Murphy, R.W., Che, J., Pang, J.-F., Hu, J.-S., Luo, J., Wu, S.-J., Ye, H. & Zhang, Y.-P. (2010) Genealogy and palaeodrainage basins in Yunnan Province phylogeography of the Yunnan spiny frog, Nanorana yunnanensis (Dicroglossidae). Molecular Ecology, 19, 3406–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04747.x
- Anderson, J. (1879) Anatomical and Zoological Researches: Comprising an Account of the Zoological Results of the Two Expeditions to Western Yunnan in 1868 and 1875; and a Monograph of the Two Cetacean Genera Platanista and Orcella. 2 Vols. Bernard Quaritch, London, 985 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50434 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.55401
- Bain, R.H., Lathrop, A., Murphy, R.W., Orlov, N.L. & Cuc, H.T. (2003) Cryptic species of a cascade frog from Southeast Asia: taxonomic revisions and descriptions of six new species. American Museum Novitates, 3417, 1–60. https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2003)417<0001:CSOACF>2.0.CO;2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2003)417<0001:CSOACF>2.0.CO;2
- Banerjee, K., Boruah, B. & Das, A. (2020) First record of carrion feeding by tadpoles of Duttaphrynus himalayanus and Nanorana vicina from Western Himalaya, India. Tropical Natural History, 20 (3), 268–271.
- Boulenger, G.A. (1882) Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the Collection of the British Museum. Second Edition. Taylor and Francis, London, 507 pp.
- Boulenger, G.A. (1917) Descriptions of new frogs of the genus Rana. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 20 (120), 413–418. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222931709487029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222931709487029
- Chan-ard, T. (2003) A Photographic Guide of Amphibians in Thailand. Darnsutha Press Co., Ltd., Bangkok, 176 pp. [in Thai]
- Chan-ard, T., Cota, M. & Mekchai, S. (2011) The Amphibians of the Eastern Region, with a Checklist of Thailand. National Science Museum, Pathum Thani, 160 pp. [in Thai]
- Che, J., Hu, J.-S., Zhou, W.-W., Murphy, R.W., Papenfuss, T.J., Chen, M.-Y., Rao, D.-Q., Li, P.-P. & Zhang, Y.-P. (2009) Phylogeny of the Asian spiny frog tribe Paini (Family Dicroglossidae) sensu Dubois. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 50, 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.10.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.10.007
- Chuaynkern, C., Kaewtongkum, N., Ohler, A., Duengkae, P., Duangjai, S., Makchai, S. & Chuaynkern, Y. (2018) First description of the Nanorana (Chaparana) aenea (Smith, 1922) tadpole from northern Thailand and additional information on the Quasipaa (Eripaa) fasciculispina (Inger, 1970) tadpole buccopharyngeal anatomy. Alytes, 36, 93–108.
- Chuaynkern, Y. & Chuaynkern, C. (2012) Checklist of amphibians in Thailand. Journal of Wildlife in Thailand, 19 (1), 163–211.
- Dubois, A. (1987) Miscellanea taxinomica batrachologica (I). Alytes, 5, 7–95.
- Dubois A. (1995) Keratodont formulae in anuran tadpoles: proposal for standardization. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 33, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.1995.tb00207.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.1995.tb00207.x
- Dubois, A. & Ohler, A. (2005) Taxonomic notes on the Asian frogs of the tribe Paini (Ranidae, Dicroglossinae): 1. Morphology and synonymy of Chaparana aenea (Smith, 1922), with proposal of a new statistical method for testing homogeneity of small samples. Journal of Natural History, 39 (20), 1759–1778. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930400023735 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930400023735
- Duengkae, P., Chuaynkern, Y., Chaiyes, A., Ponpituk, Y. & Siri, S. (2016) Amphibians of Thailand. Biodiversity-based Economy Development Office, Bangkok, 403 pp. [in Thai]
- Fei, L, Ye, C. & Jiang, J. (2012) Colored atlas of Chinese amphibians and their distributions. Sichuan Publishing Group, Chengdu, 620 pp. [in Chinese]
- Gill, S., Rais, M., Saeed, M., Ahmed, W. & Akram, A. (2020) The tadpoles of Murree Hills Frog Nanorana vicina (Anura: Dicroglossidae). Zootaxa, 4759 (3), 440–442. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4759.3.11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4759.3.11
- Gosner, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anura embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica, 16, 183–190.
- Huang, Y., Hu, J.-H., Song, Z., Zhou, C.-Q. & Jiang, J.-P. (2016) Integrative taxonomy helps to reveal the mask of the genus Gynandropaa (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae). Integrative Zoology, 11, 134–150. https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12169 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12169
- Inger, R.F. (1970) A new species of frog of the genus Rana from Thailand. Fieldiana Zoology, 51 (14), 169–174. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2793 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2793
- Inthara, C., Chuaynkern, Y., Duengkae, P. & Grosjean, S. (2009) The tadpole of Quasipaa fasciculispina (Inger, 1970) from southeastern Thailand, with the description of its buccal anatomy. Alytes, 26, 86–96.
- IUCN. (2021) The IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2020-3. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org (accessed 8 March 2021)
- Jiang, J.P., Dubois, A., Ohler, A., Tillier, A., Chen, X.H., Xie, F. & Stöck, M. (2005) Phylogenetic relationships of the tribe Paini (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae) based on partial sequences of mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA genes. Zoological Science, 22 (3), 353–362. https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.22.353 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.22.353
- Khonsue, W. & Thirakhupt, K. (2001) A checklist of the amphibians in Thailand. The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University, 1 (1), 69–82.
- Kocher, T.D., Thomas, W.K., Meyer, A., Edwards, S.V., Pääbo, S., Villablanca, F.X. & Wilson, A.C. (1989) Dynamics of mitochondrial DNA evolution in animals: amplification and sequencing with conserved primers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 86 (16), 6196–6200. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.16.6196 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.16.6196
- Makchai, S., Chuaynkern, Y., Safoowong, M., Chuachat, C. & Cota, M. (2020) Amphibians of Northern Thailand. National Science Museum, Pathum Thani, 199 pp.
- McDiarmid, R.W. & Altig, R. (1999) Tadpoles: the biology of anuran larvae. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 458 pp.
- Nabhitabatha, J., Chan-ard, T. & Chuaynkern, Y. (2000) Check list of amphibians and reptiles in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, 152 pp.
- Niyomwan, P., Srisom, P. & Pawangkhanant, P. (2019) Amphibians of Thailand. Parbpim, Bangkok, 478 pp. [in Thai]
- Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest Version 2. Program Distributed by the Author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala. [program]
- Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (2017) Thailand Red Data: Vertebrates. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Bangkok, 112 pp. [in Thai]
- Ohler, A. (1996) Systematics, morphometrics and biogeography of the genus Aubria (Ranidae, Pyxicephalinae). Alytes, 13 (4), 141–166.
- Ohler, A. & Dubois, A. (1999) The identity of Elachyglossa gyldenstolpei Andersson, 1916 (Amphibia, Ranidae), with comments on some aspects of statistical support to taxonomy. Zoologica Scripta, 28, 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-6409.1999.00002.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-6409.1999.00002.x
- Ohler, A. & Dubois, A. (2006) Phylogenetic relationships and generic taxonomy of the tribe Paini (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae, Dicroglossinae), with diagnoses of two new genera. Zoosystema, 28 (3), 769–784.
- Peng, J., Swofford, D.L. & Kubatko, L. (2022) Estimation of speciation times under the multispecies coalescent. Bioinformatics, 38 (23), 5182–5190. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btac679 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btac679
- Pham, A.V. & Nguyen, T.Q. (2018) Thành phần thức ăn của loài Ếch gai Vân Nam Nanorana yunnanensis (Anderson, 1879) ở tỉnh Sõn La. VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology, 34, 10–16. [in Vietnamese] https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.4747 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.4747
- Poyarkov, N.A., Nguyen, T.V., Popov, E.S., Geissler, P., Pawangkhanant, P., Neang, T., Suwannapoom & Orlov, N.L. (2021) Recent progress in taxonomic studies, biogeographic analysis, and revised checklist of amphibians in Indochina. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 28 (3A), 1–110. https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-3A-1-110 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-3A-1-110
- Procheş, Ș. & Ramdhani, S. (2012) The world’s zoogeographical regions confirmed by cross-taxon analyses. BioScience, 62 (3), 260–270. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2012.62.3.7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2012.62.3.7
- Qi, S., Zhou, Z.-Y., Lu, Y.-Y., Li, J.-L., Qin, H.-H., Hou, M., Zhang, Y., Ma, J. & Li, P.-P. (2019) A new species of Nanorana (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from southern Tibet, China. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 26, 159–174. https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2019-26-3-159-174 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2019-26-3-159-174
- Rais, M., Abbassi, S., Batool, T., Jilani, M.J., Assadi, M.A., Mubarak, H. & Baloch, S. (2014) A note on recapture of Nanorana vicina (Anura: Amphibia) from Murree, Pakistan. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 24, 455–458.
- Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van Der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61, 539c542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
- Simon, C., Frati, F., Beckenbach, A., Crespi, B., Liu, H. & Flook, P. (1994) Evolution, weighting, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 87 (6), 651–701. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/87.6.651 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/87.6.651
- Smith, M.A. (1922) Notes on reptiles and batrachians from Siam and Indo-China (No. 1). Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam, 4, 203–214.
- Stuart, B.L., Inger, R.F. & Voris, H.K. (2006) High level of cryptic species diversity revealed by sympatric lineages of Southeast Asian forest frogs. Biology Letters, 2, 470–474. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0505 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0505
- Suwannapoom, C., Nguyen, T.V., Poyarkov, N.A., Wu, Y.-H., Pawangkhanant, P., Lorphengsy, S. & Che, J. (2021) First national record of Quasipaa verrucospinosa (Bourret, 1937) (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Thailand with further comment on its taxonomic status. Biodiversity Data Journal, 9, e70473. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e70473 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e70473
- Zhang, D.R., Chen, M.Y., Murphy, R.W., Che, J., Pang, J.-F., Hu, J.-S., Luo, J., Wu, S.-J., Ye, H. & Zhang, Y.-P. (2010) Genealogy and palaeodrainage basins in Yunnan Province phylogeography of the Yunnan spiny frog, Nanorana yunnanensis (Dicroglossidae). Molecular Ecology, 19, 3406–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04747.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04747.x