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Issue: Vol. 5295 No. 1: 24 May 2023
Type: Monograph
Published: 2023-05-24
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1
Page range: 1-150
Abstract views: 795
PDF downloaded: 43

The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications

Departamento de Biologia Animal; Universidade de Lisboa; Cidade Universitária; Alameda da Universidade; 1649-004 Lisbon
Naturalis Biodiversity Center; P.O. Box 9517; 2300 RA Leiden; Netherlands; Instituto Dom Luiz da Universidade de Lisboa; Campo Grande; 1749-016 Lisboa; Portugal; and International Health Centres; Av. Infante de Henrique 7; Areias São João; P-8200 Albufeira; Portugal
MPB–Marine Palaeontology and Biogeography Lab; University of the Azores; Rua da Mãe de Deus; 9501-801 Ponta Delgada; Azores; Portugal; CIBIO-Açores; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; InBIO Laboratório Associado; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics; Biodiversity and Land Planning. UNESCO Chair—Land Within Sea: Biodiversity & Sustainability in Atlantic Islands; Universidade dos Açores; R. Mãe de Deus 13A; 9500-321 Ponta Delgada; Portugal
Mollusca Pliocene Azores gastropods taxonomy palaeoclimatology palaeobiogeography

Abstract

In this work, all the Lower Pliocene gastropod assemblages of Santa Maria Island are revised. These all form part of the Touril Complex. Seventy-seven species are identified representing 61 genera. Two species are described as new: Bittium miradouroense nov. sp. and Erato mayeri nov. sp. The name Tritonium secans Bronn in Reiss 1862 is considered a junior subjective synonym of Monoplex comptus (A. Adams, 1855). Pleurotoma perturrita Bronn in Reiss 1862 is considered a junior subjective synonym of Crassopleura maravignae (Bivona, 1838). However, due to the difficulties in collecting from these deposits, this is likely to be a considerable underestimate of the original diversity of local Early Pliocene gastropod faunas.

The assemblage reflects a fully tropical with mean annual sea surface temperatures (SSTs) estimated about 3.7°C to 6.3°C higher than the present-day 20.6°C, and with mean monthly SSTs ranging from 20°C to 28°C, with six months with mean SSTs over 24°C. The assemblages all represent relatively shallow water, fully saline marine environments.

At genus level the assemblage is typical of that seen in the tropical Mediterranean-West African Palaeobiogeographical Province during the early Pliocene (MPPMU1; roughly equivalent to the Zanclean and earliest Piacenzian). At species level, 35% of the species taxa found in Santa Maria are also found in the Mediterranean during MPPMU1. There is a much weaker association with the northern warm temperate Pliocene Boreal-Celtic Province, with only 17% of species occurring in both. Moreover, most of those are ubiquitous European species with both wide geographic and stratigraphic distributions. The assemblage is relatively endemic (29%) suggesting that the Azorean subprovince/ecoregion, which is recognised today, was already in place in the Lower Pliocene. A small number of tonnoidean species found in Santa Maria are species known to have had an amphiatlantic distribution during the Pliocene, and for Distorsio mcgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953, a well-known and widely distributed tropical American Atlantic species from the Early Miocene to present-day, its presence in Santa Maria marks the most easterly range expansion for the species, as today is not found in the Azores.

 

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