Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Monograph
Published: 2023-07-28
Page range: 1-66
Abstract views: 294
PDF downloaded: 180

Genus-level revision of the Heterozerconoidea (Parasitiformes: Mesostigmata)

Acarology Collection; Ohio State University; 1315 Kinnear Rd.; Columbus; OH 43212; U.S.A.
Washington State University; Mount Vernon Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center; Mount Vernon; WA 98273; U.S.A
Acari Heterozerconidae Discozerconidae phylogeny Myriapoda mating system

Abstract

The genera of Heterozerconoidea are revised based on a species-level analysis of relationships in the group. The family Discozerconidae in its current state may be paraphyletic. Diagnoses for the genera are updated, and a catalog of all described species is provided. As part of this re-analysis two new genera, Amyzozercon and Ecuazercon, and four new species are described, and a key to the genera is provided. Possible evolutionary implications of the proposed set of relationships in terms of biogeography and the evolution of podospermy are discussed.

 

References

  1. Alberti, G. & Gerdeman, B.S. (2007) Fine structure of spermiogenesis and sperm in a heterozerconid mite (Heterozerconidae: Heterozerconina: Gamasida). In: Morales-Malacara, J.B., Behan-Pelletier, V., Ueckermann, E.A., Pérez, T.M., Estrada-Venegas, E.G., Gispert, C. & Badii, M.H. (Eds.), Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress. UNAM; Instituto de Biología, México City, pp. 17–20.
  2. Athias-Henriot, C. (1969) Notes sur la morphologie externe des gamasides (Acariens, Anactinotriches). Acarologia, 11, 609–629.
  3. Baker, E.W. & Wharton, G.W. (1952) An introduction to Acarology. Macmillan Company, New York, New York, 465 pp.
  4. Berlese, A. (1888) Acari austro-Americani quos collegit Aloysius Balzan. Manipulus primus. Species novas circiter quinquaginta complectens. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 20, 171–222, pl. X.
  5. Berlese, A. (1892) Acari, Myriapoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta. Ordo Mesostigmata (Gamasidae). Tipografia del Seminario, Padua, 143 pp., XI pls.
  6. Berlese, A. (1905) Acari nuovi. Manipulus IV. Acari di Giava. Redia, Firenze, 2, 154–176, pls. I–III.
  7. Berlese, A. (1910a) Brevi diagnosi di generi e specie nuovi di Acari. Redia, Firenze, 6, 345–388.
  8. Berlese, A. (1910b) Lista di nuove specie e nuovi generi di Acari. Redia, Firenze, 6, 243–271.
  9. Berlese, A. (1914) Acari nuovi, Manipulus IX. Redia, Firenze, 10, 113–150, pls. I–III.
  10. Berlese, A. (1924) Centuria sesta di Acari nuovi. Redia, Firenze, 15, 237–262.
  11. Berlese, A. & Leonardi, G. (1902) Acari Sud Americani. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 25, 12–18.
  12. Błaszak, C. (1984) Three new genera of zerconid mites (Acari, Mesostigmata, Zerconidae) from the United States of America with a key to the American genera. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 53, 587–601.
  13. Di Palma, A., Gerdeman, B.S. & Alberti, G. (2008) Fine structure and functional morphology of the spermatodactyl in males of Heterozerconidae (Gamasida). International Journal of Acarology, 34, 359–366. https://doi.org/10.1080/17088180809434778
  14. Di Palma, A., de Moraes, G.J., Gerdeman, B.S., Huber, S., Kitajima, E.W. & Alberti, G. (2015) Ultrastructural and functional adaptations of the female reproductive system in the family Heterozerconidae (Acari, Anactinotrichida, Gamasida, Heterozerconina) and implications for the systematic position of the group. Arthropod Structure & Development, 44, 639–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2015.09.002
  15. Domrow, R. (1956) The family Discozerconidae (Acarina, Mesostigmata) in Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 81, 193–196.
  16. Evans, G.O. (1963a) Observations on the chaetotaxy of the legs in free-living Gamasina (Acari: Mesostigmata). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 10, 277–303. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20528
  17. Evans, G.O. (1963b) Some observations on the chaetotaxy of the pedipalps on the Mesostigmata (Acari). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London, Series 13, 6, 513–527. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936308651393
  18. Evans, G.O. (1969) Observations on the ontogenetic development of the chaetotaxy of the tarsi of legs II–IV in the Mesostigmata (Acari). In: Evans, G.O. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress of Acarology. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, pp. 195–200.
  19. Evans, G.O. (1992) Principles of acarology. CAB International, Wallingford, 563 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851988221.0000
  20. Fain, A. (1988) Notes on mites associated with Myriapoda. III. Two new species of the genus Heterozercon Berlese, 1888 (Acari, Mesostigmata) from Afrotropical Myriapods. Bulletin et Annales de la Société royale belge d’Entomologie, 124, 237–242.
  21. Fain, A. (1989) Notes on mites associated with Myriapoda. IV. New taxa in the Heterozerconidae (Acari, Mesostigmata). Bulletin de l’Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie, 59, 145–156.
  22. Finnegan, S. (1931) On a new species of mite of the family Heterozerconidae parasitic on a snake. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 4, 1349–1357. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1931.tb01066.x
  23. Flechtmann, C.H.W. & Johnston, D.E. (1990) Zeterohercon, a new genus of Heterozerconidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) and the description of Zeterohercon amphisbaenae n.sp. from Brasil. International Journal of Acarology, 16, 143–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647959008683526
  24. Freudenstein, J.V., Berg, C., Goldman, D., Kores, P., Molvray, M. & Chase, M. (2004) An expanded plastid DNA phylogeny of Orchidaceae and analysis of jackknife branch support strategy. American Journal of Botany, 91, 149–157. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.1.149
  25. Gerdeman, B.S. (2002) The biology of the Heterozerconidae. Ph. D. thesis, Department of Entomology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 119 pp.
  26. Gerdeman, B.S. & Garcia, R. (2010) Heterozerconidae: A comparison between a temperate and a tropical species. In: Sabelis, M.W. & Bruin, J. (Eds.), Trends in Acarology, Proceedings of the 12th International Congress. Springer Science, Dordrecht, pp. 93–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9837-5_14
  27. Gerdeman, B.S. & Klompen, H. (2003) A new North American heterozerconid, Narceoheterozercon ohioensis, n. gen., n. sp., with first description of immatures of Heterozerconidae (Acari: Mesostigmata). International Journal of Acarology, 29, 351–370. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647950308684352
  28. Gerdeman, B.S., Klompen, H. & Tanigoshi, L. (2000) Insights into the biology of a mite—millipede association. Fragmenta Faunistica, Warszawa, 43 (Supplement), 223–227.
  29. Gerdeman, B.S., Garcia, R.C., Herczak, A. & Klompen, H. (2018) Philippinozercon, a new genus of Heterozerconidae (Parasitiformes: Mesostigmata), with description of all active instars. Zootaxa, 4540 (1), 7–22. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4540.1.4
  30. Goloboff, P.A. & Morales, M.E. (2023) TNT version 1.6, with a graphical interface for MacOS and Linux, including new routines in parallel. Cladistics, 39, 144–153. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12524
  31. Hallan, J. (2017) Heterozerconidae. Texas A&M University. Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20100807082726/http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/Acari/Family/Heterozerconidae.txt (accessed 30 November 2017)
  32. Johnson, N.F. (2010) Future taxonomy today: new tools applied to accelerate the taxonomic process. In: Polaszek, A. (Ed.), Systema Naturae 250: The Linnaean Ark. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, London, pp. 137–147. https://doi.org/10.1201/EBK1420095012-c13
  33. Kemal, M. & Koçak, A.Ö. (2009) A replacement name for Blaszakia Koçak & Kemal, 2008 in the family Zerconidae (Acarina, Mesostigmata). Miscellaneous Papers of the Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara, 147–148, 10.
  34. Klompen, H. (2000) A preliminary assessment of the utility of elongation factor-1alpha in elucidating relationships among basal Mesostigmata. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 24, 805–820. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006432017638
  35. Klompen, H. & Austin, C.C. (2007) A new species of Ophiomegistus Banks (Acari: Paramegistidae) from Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa, 1387 (1), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1387.1.4
  36. Klompen, H., Lekveishvili, M.G. & Black, W.C., IV. (2007) Phylogeny of Parasitiform mites (Acari) based on rRNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43, 936–951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.10.024
  37. Klompen, H., Amin, M. & Gerdeman, B.S. (2013) A revision of the genus Afroheterozercon (Acari: Heterozerconidae). Zootaxa, 3626 (3), 301–325. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3626.3.1
  38. Koçak, A.Ö. & Kemal, M. (2008) Nomenclatural notes on the genus group names of the order Acarina. Miscellaneous Papers of the Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara, 145, 1–6.
  39. Krantz, G.W. & de Moraes, G.J. (2011) Discovery and description of nymphal stages of a heterozerconid mite (Acari: Mesostigmata: Heterozerconidae) from coastal forest litter in southeastern São Paulo State, Brazil. In: de Moraes, G.J. & Proctor, H. (Eds.), Acarology XIII: Proceedings of the International Congress, 2011, pp. 24–33. https://doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.6.1.5
  40. Krantz, G.W. & Wernz, J.G. (1979) Sperm transfer in Glyptholaspis americana. In: Rodriguez, J.G. (Ed.), Recent advances in Acarology. Vol. 2. Academic Press, New York, New York, pp. 441–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-592202-9.50062-8
  41. Lanyon, S.M. (1985) Detecting internal inconsistencies in distance data. Systematic Zoology, 34, 397–403. https://doi.org/10.2307/2413204
  42. Lekveishvili, M. & Klompen, H. (2004) Phylogeny of infraorder Sejina (Acari, Mesostigmata). Zootaxa, 629 (1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.629.1.1
  43. Lindquist, E.E. (1994) Some observations on the chaetotaxy of the caudal body region of gamasine mites (Acari: Mesostigmata), with a modified notation for some ventrolateral body setae. Acarologia, 35, 323–326.
  44. Lindquist, E.E. & Evans, G.O. (1965) Taxonomic concepts in the Ascidae, with a modified setal nomenclature for the idiosoma of the Gamasina (Acarina: Mesostigmata). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 47, 1–64. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm9747fv
  45. Lindquist, E.E., Krantz, G.W. & Walter, D.E. (2009a) Classification. In: Krantz, G.W. & Walter, D.E. (Eds.) A manual of acarology. Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, Texas, pp. 97–103.
  46. Lindquist, E.E. & Moraza, M.L. (1998) Observations on homologies of idiosomal setae in Zerconidae (Acari: Mesostigmata), with modified notation for some posterior body setae. Acarologia, 39, 203–226.
  47. Lindquist, E.E., Krantz, G.W. & Walter, D.E. (2009b) Order Mesostigmata. In: Krantz, G.W. & Walter, D.E. (Eds.), A manual of acarology. Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, Texas, pp. 124–232.
  48. Lizaso, N.M. (1979) Um novo ácaro da família Heterozerconidae coletado sobre serpentes Brasileiras. Descrição de Heterozercon elegans sp. n. (Acarina: Mesostigmata). Memorias do Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, 42–43, 139–144.
  49. Moraza, M.L. (2005) Tarsus I chaetotaxy and structure in Anactinotrichida mites: characters with phylogenetic value. In: Weigmann, G., Alberti, G., Wohltmann, A. & Ragusa, S. (Eds.), Acarine biodiversity in the natural and human sphere. Phytophaga, Palermo, pp. 347–359.
  50. Norton, R.A., Kethley, J.B., Johnston, D.E. & OConnor, B.M. (1993) Phylogenetic perspectives on genetic systems and reproductive modes of mites. In: Wrensch, D.L. & Ebbert, M.A. (Eds.), Evolution and diversity of sex ratio in insects and mites. Chapman & Hall, New York, New York, pp. 8–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1402-8_2
  51. Prieto Trueba, D. & Tcherva, T. (2005) First record of phoretic mites on Rhinocricus duvernoyi Karsch, 1881 (Diplopoda: Rhinocricidae) and the first record of the family Heterozerconidae (Acari, Mesostigmata) from Cuba. Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, 12, 117–118.
  52. Rangaswamy, H.R. & Channa Basavanna, G.P. (1973) A new species of heterozerconid mite (Mesostigmata: Heterozerconidae) from India. Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 7, 134–136.
  53. Seeman, O.D. & Baker, M.R. (2013) A new genus and species of Discozerconidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in New Zealand. Zootaxa, 3750 (2), 130–142. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3750.2.2
  54. Silvestri, F. (1903) Contribuzione alla conoscenza dei Termitidi e Termitofili dell’ America Meridionale. Parte II. Termitofili. Redia, Firenze, 1, 171–234, pls. I–VI. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.137413
  55. Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts. [program]
  56. Trägårdh, I. (1911) Discomegistus, a new genus of myriapodophilous Parasitidae from Trinidad, with notes on the Heterozerconidae. Arkiv för Zoologi, 7, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.1268
  57. Vitzthum, H., Graf. (1925) Fauna sumatrensis (Beitrag No. 5) Acarinae. Supplementa Entomologica, 11, 37–48.
  58. Vitzthum, H., Graf. (1926) Malayische Acari. Treubia, Buitenzorg, 8, 1–198.
  59. Walter, D.E. & Krantz, G.W. (2009) Collecting, rearing and preparing specimens. In: Krantz, G.W. & Walter, D.E. (Eds.), A manual of acarology. Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, Texas, pp. 83–95.
  60. Walter, D.E. & Proctor, H.C. (2013) Mites: Ecology, Evolution & Behaviour. Springer, Dordrecht, 494 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7164-2
  61. Womersley, H. (1958) Some new or little known Mesostigmata (Acarina) from Australia, New Zealand and Malaya. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 81, 115–130.