Abstract
Caenidae is a globally widespread family, inhabiting a variety of aquatic habitats. In South America, only 35 species are recognized, maybe as a consequence of the few studies until the first decade of the 21st century. Despite recent advances, large portions of Brazil, such as Rondônia State, are still characterized by Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls. Rondônia is an area predicted to have high mayfly richness, but with no record of Caenidae. From this perspective, the objective of this study is to provide the first access to primary biodiversity data of Caenidae (Ephemeroptera) from Rondônia. As result, we report five species (Brasilocaenis elidioi, Brasilocaenis irmleri, Caenis chamie, Caenis fittkaui, Latineosus sigillatus) and describe a new species based on all life stages (Caenis urupa sp. nov.).
References
- Alba-Tercedor, J. & Mosquera, S. (1999) Caenis chamie, a new species from Colombia (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 75 (2), 61–67.
- Angeli, K.B., Rozario, E.M. & Salles, F.F. (2015) Checklist of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) from São Mateus River Basin, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 59, 197–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.06.004
- Angeli, K.B., Salles, F.F., Paresque, R., Molineri, C. & Lima, L.R.C. (2016) Stage description, new combination and new records of Neotropical Brachycercinae (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Zootaxa, 4088 (2), 268–278. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4088.2.8
- Barber-James, H., Gattolliat, J.L., Sartori, M. & Hubbard, M.D. (2008) Global diversity of mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Insecta) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia, 595, 339–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9028-y
- Bauernfeind, E. & Soldán, T. (2012) The Mayflies of Europe (Ephemeroptera). Apollo Books, Ollerup, 781 pp.
- Boldrini, R. & Cruz, P.V. (2014) Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from the state of Rondônia, Northern Brazil. Boletim do Museu Integrado de Roraima, 8 (1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.24979/bolmirr.v8i01.763
- Brittain, J.E. (1982) Biology of mayflies. Annual Review of Entomology, 27, 119–147. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.27.010182.001003
- Cardoso, M.N., Shimano, Y., Nabout, J.C. & Juen, L. (2015) An estimate of the potential number of mayfly species (Ephemeroptera, Insecta) still to be described in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 59, 147–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.03.014
- Cardoso, M.N., Shimano, Y., Cruz, P.V., Boldrini, R., Mariano, R., Nessimian, J.L., Molineri, C., Salles, F.F., Andrade, A.F.A., Marco Jr., P. & Juen, L. (2023) Assessing the distribution of mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Insecta) in the Brazilian Amazon to guide more effective conservation. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater ecosystems, 33 (4), 337–348. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3934
- Chapin III, F.S., Zavaleta, E.S., Eviner, V.T., Naylor, L.R., Vitousek, P.M., Reynolds, H.L., Hooper, D.U., Lavorel, S., Sala, O.E., Hobbie, S.E., Mack, M.C. & Díaz, S. (2000) Consequences of changing biodiversity. Nature, 405, 234–242. https://doi.org/10.1038/35012241
- Coleman, C.O. (2003) “Digital inking”: How to make perfect line drawings on computers. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 4, 303–304. https://doi.org/10.1078/1439-6092-00081
- Coleman, C.O. (2006) Substituting time-consuming pencil drawings in arthropod taxonomy using stacks of digital photographs. Zootaxa, 1360 (1), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1360.1.4
- Cruz, P.V., Alencar, J.B.R., Cardoso, M.N. & Baccaro, F.B. (2023) Predicting the South American invasion pathways of the mayfly Cloeon dipterum Linnaeus 1761 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) using species distribution models. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 16 (4), 521–530. https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12642
- Domínguez, E., Molineri, C., Pescador, M.L., Hubbard, M.D. & Nieto, C. (2006) Ephemeroptera of South America. In: Adis, J., Arias, J.R., Rueda-Delgado, G. & Wantzen, K.M. (Eds.), Aquatic biodiversity of Latin America. ABLA Series. Vol. 2. Pensoft Sofia, Moscow, pp. 1–646.
- Domínguez, E., Molineri, C., Nieto, C., Zúñiga, M. del C. & Emmerich, D. (2022) Lista de especies de Ephemeroptera Sudamericanos. Available from: https://ibn.conicet.gov.ar/ (accessed 17 July 2023)
- Edmunds Jr., G.F., Jensen, S.L. & Berner, L. (1976) Mayflies of North and Central America. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 330 pp.
- Francischetti, C.N., Da-Silva, E.R. & Salles, F.F. (2001) A alimentação de ninfas de Caenis cuniana Froehlich, 1969 (Ephemeroptera, Caenidae) em um brejo temporário da Restinga de Maricá, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Nova Série, Zoologia, 446, 1–6.
- Freitag, S. & Van Jaarsveld, A.S. (1998) Sensitivity of selection procedures for priority conservation areas to survey extent, survey intensity and taxonomic knowledge. Proceeding of Royal Society London, Serie B, 265, 1475–1482. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0460
- Froehlich, C.G. (1969) Caenis cuniana sp. n., a parthenogenetic mayfly. Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna, 6, 103–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650526909360420
- Frost, S.W. (1957) The Pennsylvania insect light trap. Journal of Economic Entomology, 50, 287–292. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/50.3.287
- Hubbard, M.D. (1995) Toward a standard methodology for the description of mayflies (Ephemeroptera). In: Corkum, L.D. & Ciborowski, J.J.H. (Eds.), Current Directions in Research on Ephemeroptera. Canadian Scholars Press, Toronto, pp. 361–369.
- Irmler, U. (1975) Ecological studies of the aquatic soil invertebrates in three inundation forests of Central Amazonia. Amazoniana, 5, 337–409.
- Koss, R.W. & Edmunds, G.F. (1974) Ephemeroptera eggs and their contribution to phylogenetic studies of the order. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 55, 267–349. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1974.tb01648.x
- Lawton, J.H. & May, R.M. (1995) Extinction Rates. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 248 pp.
- Lima, L.R.C., Salles, F.F. & Pinheiro, S. (2015a) New records of mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Insecta) from Pernambuco state, northeastern Brazil. Check List, 11, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.15560/11.3.1652
- Lima, L.R.C., Molineri, C. & Pinheiro, U. (2015b) A new species of Caenis Stephens, 1836 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Southern Brazil. Zootaxa, 3941 (4), 589–592. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3941.4.8
- Lima, L.R.C., Molineri, C., Pinheiro, U. & Salles, F.F. (2016a) Two new species of Caenis Stephens, 1835 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from South America. Zootaxa, 4170 (1), 114–124. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4170.1.5
- Lima, L.R.C., Knapp, W. & Docio, L. (2016b) New records of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil. Entomotropica, 31, 212–220.
- Lima, L.R.C. & Boldrini, R. (2016) First records of small squaregilled mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Caenidae) from the state of Roraima, Northern Brazil. Check List, 12 (4), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.15560/12.4.1919
- Lima, L.R.S. & Boldrini, R. (2017) New distributional records and life stage description of Caenis species (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 4276 (2), 285–292. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4276.2.10
- Lima, L.R.C., Molineri, C., Vieira, L.M., Pinheiro, U. & Salles, F.F. (2019) Phylogenetic analysis supports the monophyly of the South American mayfly genus Brasilocaenis Puthz, 1975 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 280, 78–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.04.001
- Luiza-Andrade, A., Silva, R.R., Shimano, Y., Faria, A.P.J., Cardoso, M.N., Brasil, L.S., Ligeiro, R., Martins, R.T., Hamada, N. & Juen, L. (2022) Niche breadth and habitat preference of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (Insecta) in streams in the Brazilian Amazon. Hydrobiologia, 849, 4287–4306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-04987-6
- Malzacher, P. (1982) Eistrukturen europäischer Caenidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, 356, 1–15.
- Malzacher, P. (1986) Caenidae aus dem Amazonasgebiet (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). Spixiana, 9, 83–103.
- Malzacher, P. (1990) Neue Arten der Eintagsfliegen-Familie Caenidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) aus Südamerika. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 25, 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650529009360799
- Malzacher, P. (1998) Remarks on the genus Brasilocaenis (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae), with the description of a new species: Brasilocaenis mendesi. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 580, 1–6.
- Malzacher, P. (2001) South and Central American Caenis species with rounded forceps tips (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Series A, 626, 1–20.
- Malzacher, P. (2022) Trait evolution of the male genitalia in the speciose genus Caenis, with emphasis on forcipes structure (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Integrative Systematics: Stuttgart Contributions to Natural History, 5 (1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.18476/2022.253690
- Meine, C., Soulé, M. & Noss, R.F. (2006) A mission-driven discipline: the growth of conservation biology. Conservation Biology, 20 (3), 631–651. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00449.x
- Molineri, C. (2009) A new species of Caenis (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Colombia, Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 68 (3–4), 283–285.
- Molineri, C. (2014) Description of Alloretochus sigillatus new species with comments and new distributional records for Alloretochus peruanicus (Ephemeroptera, Caenidae, Brachycercinae). Zootaxa, 3821 (1), 139–145. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3821.1.11
- Molineri, C., Grillet, M.E., Nieto, C., Domínguez, E. & Guerrero, E. (2011) New species and records for the mayfly families Caenidae, Leptohyphidae and Coryphoridae (Ephemeroptera, Pannota) from Venezuelan Guayana’s uplands. Zootaxa, 2750 (1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2750.1.4
- Molineri, C. & Malzacher, P. (2007) South American Caenis Stephens (Ephemeroptera, Caenidae), new species and stage descriptions. Zootaxa, 1660 (1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1660.1.1
- Morrone, J.J., Escalante, T., Rodríguez-Tapia, G., Carmona, A., Arana, M. & Mercado-Gómez, J.D. (2022) Biogeographic regionalization of the Neotropical region: New map and shapefile. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 94 (1), e20211167, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220211167
- Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., Fonseca, G.A.B. & Kent, J. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403, 853–858. https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501
- Nascimento, S.R.S., Rodrigues, J.A.O., Ale-Rocha, R. & Lima, L.R.C. (2022) New species and records of Caenidae Newman, 1853 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 5133 (1), 110–122. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.5
- Prodes (2022) Monitoramento do Desmatamento da Floresta Amazônica Brasileira por Satélite. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo. Available from: http://www.obt.inpe.br/OBT/assuntos/programas/amazonia/prodes (accessed 20 April 2023)
- Provonsha, A.V. (1990) A revision of the genus Caenis in North America (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 116, 801–884.
- Puthz, V. (1975) Eine neue Caenidengattung aus dem Amazonasgebiet (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Amazoniana, 5, 411–415.
- Salles, F.F., Nascimento, J.M.C., Massariol, F.C., Angeli, K.B., Barcelos, S.P., Rúdio, J.A. & Boldrini, R. (2010) Primeiro levantamento da fauna de Ephemeroptera (Insecta) do Espírito Santo, Sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotropica, 10 (1), 293–307. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032010000100025
- Salles, F.F., Molineri, C., Nieto, C., Lima, L.R.C., Dias, L.C., Boldrini, R., Mariano, R. & Domínguez, E. (2023a) Ephemeroptera da América do Sul. Available from: http://www.ephemeroptera.com.br/ (accessed 12 July 2023)
- Salles, F.F., Boldrini, R. & Lima, L.R.C. (2023b) Ephemeroptera in Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available from: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/122 (accessed 12 July 2023).
- Samways, M.J., Barton, P.S., Birkhofer, K., Chichorro, F., Deacon, C., Fartmann, T., Fukushima, C.S., Gaigher, R., Habel, J.C., Hallmann, C.A., Hill, M.J., Hochkirch, A., Kaila, L., Kwak, M.L., Maes, D., Mammola, S., Ari Noriega, J., Orfinger, A.B., Pedraza, F., Pryke, J.S., Roque, F.O., Settele, J., Simaika, J.P., Stork, N.E., Suhling, F., Vorster, C. & Cardoso, P. (2020) Solutions for humanity on how to conserve insects. Biological Conservation, 242, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108427
- Shimano, Y., Salles, F.F. & Cabette, H.S.R. (2011) Ephemeroptera (Insecta) from east of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 11, 239–253. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000400021
- Shimano, Y., Salles, F.F. & Juen, L. (2013) Study of the mayfly order Ephemeroptera (Insecta) in Brazil: a scienciometric review. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 57 (4), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000043
- Stephens, J.F. (1836) Family III. Ephemeridae, Leach. Illustrations of British Entomology, Mandibulata, 6, 54–70.
- Sun, L. & McCafferty, W.P. (2008) Cladistics, classification and identification of the brachycercine mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Zootaxa, 1881 (1), 1–239. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1801.1.1
- Wearn, O.R., Reuman, D.C. & Ewers, R.M. (2012) Extinction Debt and Windows of Conservation Opportunity in the Brazilian Amazon. Science, 337, 228–232. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1219013
- Wilson, E.O. (1999) The Diversity of Life. W.W. Norton & Company, New York, New York, 432 pp.