Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Monograph
Published: 2023-09-22
Page range: 1-152
Abstract views: 436
PDF downloaded: 164

The fauna of the family Adelidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Adeloidea) from China

Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha; Hunan; 410128 P. R. China; Leafminer Group; School of Life Sciences; Gannan Normal University; Ganzhou; Jiangxi; 341000 P. R. China
Entomological Laboratory; Faculty of Agriculture; Kyushu University; 744 Motooka; Nishi-ku; Fukuoka; 819-0395 Japan
Entomological Laboratory; Faculty of Agriculture; Kyushu University; 744 Motooka; Nishi-ku; Fukuoka; 819-0395 Japan
Department of Entomology; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou; Guangdong 510642; P. R. China
College of Science; Qiongtai Normal University; Haikou; Hainan 571100; P. R. China
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha; Hunan; 410128 P. R. China
Lepidoptera DNA barcode genitalia morphology new record new species phylogeny taxonomy

Abstract

Ninety-eight species of the family Adelidae, belonging to three genera in two subfamilies, were recorded and described in China, with illustrations of the adults and their genitalia. Keys to subfamilies, genera and species are also provided. Twenty-four new species are described, nine species are newly recorded from China, and four new combinations are made. Ecological photos and DNA barcodes of some species are provided, and the phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences are conducted. The new taxa are as follows: Nemophora pseudalbiantennella Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. badagongshana Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. longlabiae Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. quadrata Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. basalistriata Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. digitata Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. duplicifascia Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. hunanensis Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. purpurata Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. arcuatifasciata Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. caeruliantenna Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. xizangensis Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. caerulea Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. songgangensis Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. conjugata Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. latilobula Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. longispina Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. ganziensis Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. jiajinshana Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. litangensis Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. tianpingshana Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. triangulifascia Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., N. yajiagengensis Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov., and N. bispina Liao, Hirowatari & Huang, sp. nov. The newly recorded taxa from China are: Nematopogon distinctus Yasuda, 1957, Adela nobilis Christoph, 1882, A. praepilosa Hirowatari, 1997, Nemophora albiantennella Issiki, 1930, N. chionites (Meyrick, 1907), N. smaragdaspis (Meyrick, 1924), N. trimetrella Stringer, 1930, N. optima (Butler, 1878), and N. bifasciatella Issikii, 1930. The new combinations are N. servata (Meyrick, 1925) com. nov., N. diplophragma (Meyrick, 1938) com. nov., N. chionella (Caradja, 1935) com. nov., and N. chrysocharis (Caradja, 1938) com. nov.

 

References

  1. Akulov, E.N., Kirichenko, N.I. & Ponomarenko, M.G. (2018) Contribution to the Microlepidoptera fauna of the south of Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Republic of Khakassia. Entomological Review, 98 (1), 49–75. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873818010074
  2. Alphéraky, S. (1897) Lepidoptera aus Kamtschatka. In: Romanoff, N.M. (Ed.) Mémoires sur les Lépidoptères Rédigés. T. IX. P.P. Soïkine, Strémiannaja, St.-Pétersbourg, pp. 301–347.
  3. Amsel, H.G. (1937) Zur Systematik und Synonymie einiger mediterraner Microlepidopteren. - Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris, 51, 130–134.
  4. Anikin, V.V., Sachkov, S.A. & Zolotuhin, V.V. (2009) “Fauna lepidopterological Volgo-Uralensis” 150 years later: changes and additions. Part 15. Monotrysia (Insect, Lepidoptera). Atalanta, 40 (1/2), 303–311.
  5. Asano, K. (2012) Moth Inventory of Nagoya University Higashiyama Campus. Bulletin of the Nagoya University Museum, 28, 99–118.
  6. Bazinet, A.L., Mitter, K.T., Davis, D.R., van Nieukerken, E.J., Cummings, M.P. & Mitter, C. (2016) Phylotranscriptomics resolves ancient divergences in the Lepidoptera. Systematic Entomology, 42 (2), 305–316. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12217
  7. Bradley, J.D., Fletcher, D.S. & Whalley, P.E.S. (1972) Lepidoptera. In: Kloet, G.S. & Hinks, W.D. (Eds.), A Check List of British Insects. Part 2. 2nd Edition. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, 11 (2), pp. i–viii +1–153.
  8. Bremer, O. (1864) Lepidopteren Ost Sibirien’s. Mémoires de l’Académie impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg Ville Série, 8, 1.103.
  9. Bryner, R. (2020) Adelidae (Lepidoptera)—Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Biologie und Bestimmungshilfe für die europäischen Arten. Contributions to Natural History. Scientific papers from the Natural History Museum Bern, 38, 1–475. [in German]
  10. Bryner, R. & Huemer, P. (2019) Revision der Nematopogon adansoniella-Artengruppe mit beschreibung einer neuen art aus den bergregionen süditaliens (Lepidoptera, Adelidae). Alpine Entomology, 3, 93–104. [in German with English abstract] https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.3.33651
  11. Butler, A.G. (1878) Illustrations of typical Specimens of Lepidoptera of Heterocera in the Collection of British Museum, 2, 1–62, pls. 21–40.
  12. Butler, A.G. (1881) Descriptions of new genera and species of Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. In: Walsingham, M.A. (Ed.), Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, Royal Entomological Society of London, London, pp. 579–600. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1881.tb00882.x
  13. Cai, Z.S., Shi, X.P. & Xu, P.H. (1994) Economical Insects of Qinghai. Qinghai People’s Press, Xi’ning, 622 pp. [in Chinese]
  14. Caradja, A. (1920) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der geographischen Verbreitung der Mikrolepidopteren des palaearktischen Faunengebietes nebst Beschreibung neuer Formen. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 35, 75–179.
  15. Caradja, A. (1921) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der geographischen Verbreitung der Mikrolepidopteren des palaearktischen Faunengebietes nebst Beschreibung neuer Formen. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 35, 75–179.
  16. Caradja, A. (1927) Die Kleinfalter der Stötzner'schen Ausbeute, nebst Zuträge aus meiner Sammlung. Academia Romana Memoriile Sectiunii Stiintifice, 4 (8), 62–64. [in German]
  17. Caradja, A. (1938a) Beiträge zur Kleinfalterfauna Chinas (Lep.). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 99, 250–253. [in German]
  18. Caradja, A. (1938b) Materialien zu einer Microlepidopteren-Fauna Nord-Fukiens. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 99, 253–257. [in German]
  19. Caradja, A. (1939) Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, 53, 14–15.
  20. Caradja, A. & Meyrick, E. (1935) Materialien zu einer microlepidopteren Fauna der chinesischen Provinzen Kiangsu, Chekiang und Hunan. Friedländer, Berlin, 96 pp. [in German]
  21. Chambers, V.T. (1873) Micro-Lepidoptera. In: Cresson, E.T. (Ed.), The Canadian Entomologist. Vol. 5. The Free Press Steam Printing Company, London, pp. 72–75. [in French] https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent572-4
  22. Christoph, H. (1881) Neue Lepidopteren des Amurgebietes. Bulletin de la Socieìteì impeìriale des naturalistes de Moscou, 56 (2), 405–436.
  23. Christoph, H. (1882) Neue Lepidopteren des Amurgebietes. Bulletin de la Socieìteì impeìriale des naturalistes de Moscou, 57 (1), 5–47.
  24. Clarke, J.F.G. (1955) Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the British Museum (Natural History) described by Edward Meyrick. Vol. 1. The British Museum (Natural History), London, 332 pp.
  25. Common, I.F.B. (1970) Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). The Insects of Australia. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, pp. 765–866.
  26. Das, A. & Singh, N. (2022) An annotated catalogue of nonditrysian Lepidoptera of India. Zootaxa, 5154 (3), 251–270. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5154.3.1
  27. Davis, D.R. (1999) The Monotrysian Heteroneura. In: Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.), Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Vol. 1. Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbook of Zoology, Part 35, pp. 65–90. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110804744.65
  28. Diakonoff, A. (1951) Records and descriptions of Microlepidoptera (4). Treubia, 21, 133–182.
  29. Dubatolov, V.V. (2007) To the knowledge of small moths (Microlepidoptera) of the Bolshekhekhtsirskii Nature Reserve (Khabarovsk District). 1st Report. Eriocraniidae, Adelidae, Incurvariidae, Prodoxidae, Nepticulidae, Opostegidae, Tineidae. Animal World of the Far East, 6, 43–46. [in Russian with English abstract]
  30. Dugdale, J.S. (1974) Female genital configuration in the classification of Lepidoptera. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 1, 127–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1974.9517821
  31. Embacher, G., Kurz, M.A. & Zeller-Lukashort, C. (2004) Beitrag zur Microlepidopteren fauna Salzburgs (Lepidoptera). Beiträge zur Entomofaunistik, 5, 57–66. [in German with English abstract]
  32. Erschoff, N. (1877) Diagnosen neuer Lepidopteren aus den verschiedenen Provinzen des Russischen Reiches. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 12(4), 336–348. [in Germen]
  33. Erschoff, N. (1892) Verzeichniss von Schumetterlingen aus Central-Sibirien. In: Romanoff, N.M. (Ed.). Mémoires sur les lépidoptères, rédigés par. vol. 6. St.-Pétersbourg: Imprimerie de M.M. Stassuléwitch, Paris, pp. 670–672.
  34. Fazekas, I. (2002) Systematisches und synonymisches Verzeichnis der Microlepidopteren Ungarns (Lepidoptera: Microlepidoptera). Folia Historico-Naturalia Musei Matraensis, 26, 289–327. [in German with English abstract] https://doi.org/10.24394/NatSom.2001.1.303
  35. Felsenstein, J. (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution, 39 (4), 783–791. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x
  36. Fletcher, T.B. (1929) s.n. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India, Entomological Series, 11, 122–148.
  37. Forbes, W.T.M. (1923) The Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Cornell University Agriculture Expriments Station, 68, 1–729.
  38. Fukuda, T. & Kanai, K. (2016) Influences of the eruption of Mt. Shinmoe-dake (2011) for moths in the Kirishima mountains. Bulletin of the Kagoshima Prefectural Museum, 35, 15–56. [in Japanese]
  39. Gerstberger, M. (2010) Contribution to the knowledge of Fairy Moths in Europe (Lepidoptera, Adelidae). Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, 54, 131–3132. [in German with English summary]
  40. Gozmany, L. (1965) Incurvariidae—hosszúcsápú molyok. In: Gozmany, L. & Szöcs, J. (Eds.), Microlepidoptera I. Fauna Hungariae. XVI. Kötet—Lepidoptera. 2. Füzet. No. 76. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest. pp. 17–341.
  41. Hampson, G.F. (1918) Some small families of the Lepidoptera which are not included in the key to the families in the catalogue of Lepidoptera Phalaenae, a list of the families and subfamilies of the Lepidoptera with their types and a key to the families. Novitates Zoologicae, 25, 366–394. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.29772
  42. Haworth, A.H. (1828) Lepidoptera Britannica; sistens digestionem novam Insectorum Lepidop­terorum quae in Magna Britannia reperiuntur, larvarum pabulo, temporeque pascendi; expansione alarum; mensibusque volandi; synonymis atque locis observationibusque variis. Vol. 4. J. Murray, London, pp. 513–609. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786442808674667
  43. Heath, J. & Pelham-Clinton, E.C. (1976) The moths and butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. Journal of Animal Ecology, 59 (2), 798. https://doi.org/10.2307/4900
  44. Hebert, P.D.N., Stoeckle, M.Y., Zemlak, T.S. & Francis, C.M. (2004a) Identification of Birds through DNA Barcodes. PLoS Biology, 2 (10), 1657–1663. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020312
  45. Hebert, P.D.N., Penton, E.H., Burns, J.M., Janzen, D.H. & Hallwachs, W. (2004b) Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101 (41), 14812–14817. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0406166101
  46. Heinemann, H. (1870) Die Schmetterlinge Deutschlands und der Schweiz. 2. Abtheilung, Klein- schmetterlinge. 2. Die Motten und Federmotten. Heft. 1. C. A. Schwetschke and Son, Braunschweig, 388 pp.
  47. Hellers, M. (2016) Die kleinschmetterlinge Luxemburgs: die familien Micropterigidae, Eriocraniidae, Opostegidae, Heliozelidae, Adelidae, Prodoxidae, Incurvariidae, Tischeriidae und Tineidae. Bulletin de la Société des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois, 118, 111–129.
  48. Heppner, J.B. (1991) Faunal regions and the diversity of Lepidoptera. Tropical Lepidoptera, 2 (Supplement 2), 1–85.
  49. Heppner, J.B. (1992) Adelidae. In: Hepnner, J.B. & Inoue, H. (Eds.), Checklist. Lepidoptera of Taiwan, 1 (2), pp. 63.
  50. Herrich-Schäffer, G.A.W. (1857) Kritischer Anzeiger des zoologisch-mineralogischen Vereines in Regensburg. Acta Albertina Ratisbonensia, 11, 33–72.
  51. Hirowatari, T. (1995) Taxonomic notes on Nemophora bifasciatella Issiki, with descriptions of its two new allied species from Japan and the Russian Far East (Lepidoptera, Adelidae). Japanese Journal of Entomology, 63 (1), 95–105.
  52. Hirowatari, T. (1997) A taxonomic revision of the genus Adela Latreille (Lepidoptera, Adelidae) from Japan. Transactions of Lepidopterological Society of Japan, 48 (4), 271–290.
  53. Hirowatari, T. (2000) “Biology on some species of Japanese Adelidae”. Yadoriga, 186, 26–29. [in Japanese]
  54. Hirowatari, T. (2001) Immature stages of Nemophora trimetrella Stringer (Lepidoptera: Adelidae). Special Publication of the Japan Coleopterological Society, 1, 193–199.
  55. Hirowatari, T. (2005a) The genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg, 1798 (Lepidoptera, Adelidae) from the Ryukyus. Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan, 56 (4), 311–329.
  56. Hirowatari, T. (2005b) A partial gynandromorphic Nemophora rubrofascia Christoph from Japan Lepidoptera, Adelidae. Tinea, 18 (Supplement 3), 8–11.
  57. Hirowatari, T. (2007) Notes on Nemophora in Vietnam, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Adelidae). Tropical Lepidoptera, 16 (1–2), 27–34.
  58. Hirowatari, T. (2013) Adelidae. In: Hirowatari T., Nasu, Y., Sakamaki, Y. & Kishida, Y. (Eds.), The Standard of Moths in Japan III. Gakken Education Publishing, Tokyo, pp. 102–110. [in Japanese]
  59. Hirowatari, T. & Hirano, N. (1995) Notes on the occurrence of Nematopogon robertella (Clerck, 759) (Lepidoptera, Adelidae) in Japan. Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan, 46 (4), 244–246.
  60. Hirowatari, T. & Kametani, K. (1999) Mating behavior of Nemophora ahenea Stringer, 1930 (Lepidoptera, Adelidae). Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan, 50 (2), 85–92.
  61. Hirowatari, T., Kanazawa, I. & Liang, X. (2012) Four new species of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera, Adelidae) from China. Esakia, 52, 99–106. https://doi.org/10.5109/25403
  62. Hirowatari, T. & Nagaike, T. (1998) Biological notes on Nemophora paradisea (Butler, 1881) (Lepidoptera, Adelidae). Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan, 49 (4), 288–294.
  63. Hirowatari, T., Yagi, S., Liao, C.Q., Huang, G.H. & Wang, M. (2022) Nemophora chrysoprasias Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Adelidae) from China, with notes on its related species. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 15 (3), 391–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2022.04.009
  64. Hirowatari, T. & Yamamoto, H. (2004) Discovery of Nemophora smaragdaspis (Meyrick) (Adelidae) from Akiyoshidai, Japan. Tinea, 18 (1), 30–35.
  65. Hirowatari, T. & Yamanaka, K. (1996) Biology of Nemophora albiantennella Issiki (Lepidoptera, Adelidae). 1. Host plants and daily activity pattern. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 64 (3), 619–626.
  66. Hoffmann, A. (1893) Fortsetzung zu Schilde’s Lepidopterologischen Mitteilungen aus Nord-Finnland (Stett. Ent. Zeitung 1873 pag. 157–184, 1874 pag. 57–77). Entomologische Zeitung Stettin, 54 (4–6), 121–145.
  67. Hoffmannsegg, J.C. (1798) Nemophora. In: Illiger, J.K.W. (Ed.), Verzeichniss der Käfer Preussens. Mit einer Vorrede des Professors und Pagenhofmeisters Hellwig in Braunschweig, und dem andehangten Versuche einer natürlichen Ordungs- und Gattungs-Folge der Insekten. bei Johann Jacob Gebauer, Halle, pp. 1–499. [in German]
  68. Hua, L.Z. (2005) List of Chinese Insects. Vol. III. Sun Yat-Sen University Press, Guangzhou, 595 pp.
  69. Hübner, J. ([1825]1826) Verzeichnisse bekannter Schmetterlinge. bey dem Verfasser zu Finden, Augsburg, 431 pp.
  70. Huemer, P., Mutanen, M., Sefc, K.M. & Hebert, P.D.N. (2014) Testing DNA barcode performance in 1000 species of European Lepidoptera: large geographic distances have small genetic impacts. PloS One, 9 (12), e115774. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115774
  71. Humala, A.E. & Polevoi, A.V. (2009) On the insects fauna of South-east Karelia. Transactions of Karelian Research Centre of Russian Academy of Science, 4, 53–75. [in Russian with English abstract]
  72. ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature) (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4th Edition. Adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences. The Natural History Museum, London and La Garangola, Padova, 306 pp.
  73. Inoue, H. (1954) Check list of the Lepidoptera of Japan. Vol. 1 Micropterigidae— Phaloniidae. Rikusuisha, Tokyo, 112 pp.
  74. Issiki, S. (1922) Taiwan-San Shôga-rui Yohô [Preliminary note on Microlepidoptera of Formosa]. Journal of the Natural History Society of Formosa, 11 (57), 183–198. [in Japanese]
  75. Issiki, S. (1930) XLVI.—New Japanese and Formosan microlepidoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10, 6 (34), 422–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933008673235
  76. Issiki, S. (1957) Adelidae. In: Esaki, T., Issiki, S., Inoue, H., Mutuura, A., Ogata, M. & Okagaki, H. (Eds.), Icones Heterocerorum Japanicorum in Coloribus Naturalibus. Vol. 1. Hoikusha, Osaka, pp. 11–14. [in Japanese]
  77. Jakovlev, J., Polevoi, A. & Humala, A. (2014) Insect fauna of Zaonezhye Peninsula and adjacent islands. In: Lindholm, T., Jakovlev, J. & Kravchenko, A. (Eds.), Biogeography, landscapes, ecosystems and species of Zaonezhye Peninsula, in Lake Onega, Russian Karelia. Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, pp. 257–338.
  78. Janse, A.J.T. (1945) Adelidae. The Moths of South Africa, 4 (2), 79–148.
  79. Ji, E.M., Lee, S., Park, K. & Cho, S. (2018) Seven species of Adelidae (Lepidoptera) new to Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 21, 896–902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2018.05.013
  80. Karsholt, O. & Kozlov, M.V. (2011) The winterflying adelid Nematopogon stenochlora (Meyrick, 1912) discovered in Spain (Lepidoptera, Adelidae). Nota Lepidopterologica, 34 (2), 145–150.
  81. Karsholt, O. & Razowski, J. (1996) The Lepidoptera of Europe. A Distributional Checklist. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 380 pp.
  82. Kato, M. (2000) Anthophilous insect community and plant-pollinator interaction on Amami Islands in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, 29, 157–252.
  83. Kawamura, T. (1984) A list of moths in Fukuoka prefecture. Memoirs of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History, 1, 1–339.
  84. Kobayashi, Y. (1998) Embryogenesis of the fairy moth, Nemophora albiantennella Issiki (Lepidoptera, Adelidae), with special emphasis on its phylogenetic implications. International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology, 27 (3), 157–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00006-3
  85. Koçak, A.Ö. & Kemal, M. (2010) Lepidoptera of Thailand. Cesa News, 60, 1–186.
  86. Kozlov, M.V. (1985) Precopulatory behavior of lower lepidoptera. Entomologicheskoe obozrenie, 64 (3), 493–505.
  87. Kozlov, M.V. (1995) A taxonomic revision of the askoldella species-group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera: Adelidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 26, 459–472. https://doi.org/10.1163/187631295X00116
  88. Kozlov, M.V. (1997a) New species of the genus Nemophora (Adelidae) from Primorye region and Sakhalin, Russia. Nota Lepidoptera, 20 (1/2), 31–38.
  89. Kozlov, M.V. (1997b) Nemophora lapikella sp. n., a new fairy moth species (Adelidae) from South-Eastern Asia. Nota Lepidoptera, 20 (1/2), 39–44.
  90. Kozlov, M.V. (1997c) The new aurora species-group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg, with two new species from Taiwan (Lepidoptera, Adelidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 140, 13–16.
  91. Kozlov, M.V. (1997d) Family Adelidae. In: Kononenko, V.S. (Ed.), Key to the Insects of Russian Far East. Vol. V. Trichoptera and Lepidoptera. Pt. 1. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 274–289. [in Russian]
  92. Kozlov, M.V. (1997e) A taxonomic revision of the divina species-group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera, Adelidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 44 (2), 137–145. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.4800440204
  93. Kozlov, M.V. (2001) Nematopogon taiwanella sp. n. from the mountains of Taiwan (Lepidoptera, Adelidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 144, 41–44. https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-99900055
  94. Kozlov, M.V. (2002) First record of Nemophora lapikella Kozlov (Adelidae) from Japan. Nota lepidopterogica, 25 (2/3), 96.
  95. Kozlov, M.V. (2004a) The identity of Tinea basochesella Hübner, [1824] (Lepidoptera, Adelidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 147, 107–109. https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-900000144
  96. Kozlov, M.V. (2004b) Annotated checklist of the European speceis of Nemophora (Adelidae). Nota Lepidopterologica, 26 (3/4), 115–126. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4767.3.6
  97. Kozlov, M.V. (2013) A New Species of the Genus Adela (Lepidoptera: Adelidae) from South America. Neotropical Entomology, 42 (5), 505–507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-013-0150-4
  98. Kozlov, M.V. (2016a) Taxonomic revision of Australian long-horn moths of the genus Nemophora (Lepidoptera: Adelidae). Zootaxa, 4097 (1), 84–100. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.4
  99. Kozlov, M.V. (2016b) A taxonomic revision of the kalshoveni species-group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera, Adelidae), with descriptions of six new species from Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa, 4189 (3), 559–570. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4189.3.6
  100. Kozlov, M.V. (2016c) Fam. Adelidae. In: Leley, A.S. (Ed.), Annotated catalogue of the insects of Russian Far East. Vol. II. Lepidoptera. Vladivostok, Dalnauka, pp. 1–812.
  101. Kozlov, M.V. (2020) Three new species of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera, Adelidae) from Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 4767 (3), 477–484. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4767.3.6
  102. Kozlov, M.V. (2023a) A replacement name for Nemophora divina Diakonoff, 1951 (Lepidoptera: Adelidae), a secondary junior homonym of Nemophora divina (Caradja, 1939). Zootaxa, 5231 (2), 195–196. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5231.2.7
  103. Kozlov, M.V. (2023b) The identities of Nemophora augites (Meyrick, 1938) and Nemophora amatella (Staudiner, 1892): correction of misidentifications and description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Adelidae) from China. Zootaxa, 5301 (1), 94–104. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.1.4
  104. Kozlov, M.V. (2023c) Fairy moths of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg, 1798 (Lepidoptera: Adelidae) of India and Sri Lanka. Zootaxa, 5300 (1), 1–81. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5300.1.1
  105. Kozlov, M.V. & Hirowatari, T. (1997) A taxonomic revision of the hoeneella species-group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera: Adelidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 28, 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1163/187631297X00196
  106. Kozlov, M.V. & Jalava, J. (1994) Lepidoptera of the Kola Peninsula, Northwestern Russia. Entomologica Fennica, 5, 65–85. https://doi.org/10.33338/ef.83797
  107. Kozlov, M.V., Mutanen, M., Lee, K.M. & Huemer, P. (2017) Cryptic diversity in the long-horn moth Nemophora degeerella (Lepidoptera: Adelidae) revealed by morphology, DNA barcodes and genome-wide ddRAD-seq data. Systematic Entomology, 42, 329–346. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12216
  108. Kozlov, M.V. & Robinson, G.S. (1996a) Identity and distribution of two dimorphic oriental fairy moths—Nemophora decisella (Walker, 1863) and Nemophora cantharites (Meyrick, 1928) (Adelidae). Nota Lepidopterologica, 18 (1), 39–56.
  109. Kozlov, M.V. & Robinson, G.S (1996b) Nemophora maxinae: a remarkable new species of Oriental fairy-moth (Lepidoptera, Adelidae). Malayan Nature Journal, 50, 21–25.
  110. Kristensen, N.P., Scoble, M.J. & Karsholt, O.K. (2007) Lepidoptera phylogeny and systematics: the state of inventorying moth and butterfly diversity. Zootaxa, 1668 (1), 699–747. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.30
  111. Küppers, P.V. (1980) Untersuchungen zur Taxonomie und Phylogenie der westpaläarktischen Adelinae (Lepidoptera: Adelidae). M. Wahl, Karlsruhe, 497 pp.
  112. Kuroko, H. (1961a) Nemophora optima (Butler) [Higenagaga ni tsuite]. Kita-Kyushu no Konchu, 8 (2), 49–50. [in Japanese]
  113. Kuroko, H. (1961b) The life history of Nemophora raddei Rebel (Lepidoptera, Adelidae). Kyushu University Institutional Repository, 18 (4), 323–334. [in Japanese with English summary] https://doi.org/10.15017/21548
  114. Kuroko, H. (1966) Adelidae. In: Shirôzu, T. & Kuroko, H. (Eds.), Common Butterflies and Moths of Japan in Color. Hoikusha, Osaka, pp. 1–152, pl. 64. [in Japanese]
  115. Kyrki, J. (1981) Nemophora amurensis Itä-Fennoskandissa (Lepidoptera, Incurvariidae). Notulae Entomologicae, 61, 125–129.
  116. Latreille, P.A. (1796) Précis des caractères génériques des insectes, disposés dans un ordre naturel. Prèvôt, Paris, 201 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.58411
  117. Lesar, T. & Govedič, M. (2010) Check list of Slovenian Microlepidoptera. Natura Sloveniae, 12 (1), 35–125.
  118. Lesar, T. & Habeler, H. (2005) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Kleinschmetterlinge (Microlepidoptera) von Štajersko und Koroško in Slowenien. Natura Sloveniae, 7 (2), 3–127.
  119. Liao, C.Q., Hirowatari, T. & Huang, G.H. (2019) A new genus Gnathospinosa (Lepidoptera: Tineidae: Euplocaminae) from China, with description of a new species and its taxonomic position. Zootaxa, 3 (4555), 416–424. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4555.3.10
  120. Liao, C.Q., Hirowatari, T. & Huang, G.H. (2021) Description of a new Nemophora species from China (Lepidoptera: Adelidae), with key to species of the sichuana species group. Lepidoptera Science, 72 (2), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.72.2_17
  121. Liao, C.Q., Yagi, S., Chen, L., Chen, Q., Hirowatari, T., Wang, X., Wang, M. & Huang, G.H. (2023) Higher-level phylogeny and evolutionary history of nonditrysians (Lepidoptera) inferred from mitochondrial genome sequences. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 198 (2), 476–493. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac096
  122. Liu, X.Z. & Wang, L. (2010) Scientific Survey and Study of Biodiversity on the Lushan Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province. Science Press, Beijing, 628 pp. [in Chinese]
  123. Liu, Y.Q. (1981) Adelidae. In: Institute Zoology Academy Sinica (Ed.), Iconographia Heterocerorum Sinicorum I. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 9, pl. 4. [in Chinese]
  124. Matsumura, S. (1927) New species and subspecies of moths from the Japanese Empire. The Journal of the College of Agriculture. Vol. 19. Hokkaido Imperial University, Sapporo, 91 pp., pl. V.
  125. Matsumura, S. (1931) 6000 Illustrated insects of Japan-Empire. Koto-shoin, Tokyo, 1497 pp. [in Japanese]
  126. Matsumura, S. (1932) Adelidae in Japan. Insecta matsumurana, 4, 121–129.
  127. Meier, R., Kwong, S., Vaidya, G. & Ng, P.K.L. (2006) DNA barcoding and taxonomy in Diptera: A tale of high intraspecific variability and low identification success. Systematic Biology, 55 (5), 715–728. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150600969864
  128. Meier, R., Zhang, G.Y. & Ali, F. (2008) The use of mean instead of smallest interspecific distances exaggerates the size of the “Barcoding Gap” and leads to misidentification. Systematic Biology, 57 (5), 809–813. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150802406343
  129. Meiklejohn, K.A., Wallman, J.F., Pape, T., Cameron, S.L. & Dowton, M. (2013) Utility of COI, CAD and morphological data for resolving relationships within the genus Sarcophaga (sensu lato) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae): A preliminary study. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69 (1), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.04.034
  130. Meyer, C.P. & Paulay, G. (2005) DNA barcoding: error rates based on comprehensive sampling. PLoS Biology, 3 (12), 2229–2238. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0030422
  131. Meyrick, E. (1895) A Handbook of British Lepidoptera. Macmillan and Company, London, 843 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.67732
  132. Meyrick, E. (1907) Descriptions of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera II. The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 17, 730–754.
  133. Meyrick, E. (1912a). Adelidae, Micropterygidae, Gracilariadae. In: Wagner, H. (Ed.), Lepidopterorum Catalogus, 6, pp. 1–68. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.122538
  134. Meyrick, E. (1912b) Lepidoptera Heterocera (Tineae). Fam. Adelidae. Genera Insectorum, Fasc. CXXIX–CXXXIV (133), 1–12.
  135. Meyrick, E. (1914) Pterophoridae, Tortricidae, Eucosmidae, Gelechiadae, Oecophoridae, Cosmopterygidae, Hyponomeutidae, Heliodinidae, Sesiadae, Glyphipterygidae, Plutellidae, Tineidae, Adelidae (Lep.). Supplementa Entomologica, 3, 45–62.
  136. Meyrick, E. (1924) Micro-Lepidoptera of Rodrigues. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1924, 544–557.
  137. Meyrick, E. (1924–1930) Exotic Microlepidoptera. Vol. 3. Taylor and Francis, London, 640 pp.
  138. Meyrick, E. (1935) Materialien zu einer Microlepidoptera Fauna der Chinesischen Provinzen Kiangsu, Chekiang und Hunan. Friedländer, Berlin, 96 pp. [in German]
  139. Meyrick, E. (1938) Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, 52, 28.
  140. Millière, P. (1879) Description de Lépidoptères inédits d'Europe. Le Naturaliste, 1, 138–139. [in French]
  141. Millière, P. (1881) Leìpidopteìrologie. Vol. 6. Imprimerie et lithographie H. Vidal, Cannes, 20 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.67705
  142. Mishima, H. (2016) Some noteworthy moths from Shimane Prefecture. Bulletin of the Shimane Nature Museum of Mt. Sanbe, Sahimel, 14, 63–69.
  143. Mitter, C., Davis, D.R. & Cummings, M.P. (2017) Phylogeny and evolution of Lepidoptera. Annual Review of Entomology, 62, 265–283. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035125
  144. Moriuti, S. (1982) Incurvariidae. In: Inoue, H., Sugi, S., Kuroko, H., Moriuti, S. & Kawabe, A. (Eds.), Moths of Japan. Vols. 1 & 2. Kodansha, Tokyo, pp. 51–52 & 155–156. [in Japanese]
  145. Mukkala, V.M., Haarto, A., Koponen, S., Mukkala, L, Rinne, V. & Salmela, J. (2005) Ilmajoen Kivistönmäen hyönteisistä, hämähäkkieläimistä ja muista selkärangattomista. W-album. Turun Eläin-ja Kasvitieteellinen Seura ry Hyönteiskerho, 2, 1–34. [in Finnish with English abstract]
  146. Murata, J. & Shigenaga, Y. (2018) Additional collecting locality of Nemophora smaragdaspis. Insects of Yamaguchi, 17, 87. [in Japanese]
  147. Mutanen, M., Wahlberg, N. & Kaila, L. (2010) Comprehensive gene and taxon coverage elucidates radiation patterns in moths and butterflies. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 277 (1695), 2839–2848. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0392
  148. Nielsen, E.S. (1980) A cladistic analysis of the Holarctic genera of adelid moths (Lepidoptera: Incurvaroidea). Entomologica Scandinavica, 11, 161–178. https://doi.org/10.1163/187631280X00491
  149. Nielsen, E.S. (1985) A taxonomic review of the adelid genus Nematopogon Zeller (Lepidoptera: Incurvarioidea). Entomologica Scandinavica, Supplement 25, 1–66.
  150. Okano, M. (1957) Two new species of the genus Nemophora Hofmannseg from Japan (Lepidoptera, Adelidae). The Annual Report of Gakugei Faculty Iwate University, 11 (2), 63–66.
  151. Okano, M. (1959) Adelidae. In: Inoue, H., Okano, M., Mhirôzu, T., Sugi, S. & Yamamoto, H. (Eds.), Lepidoptera. Iconographia Insectorum Colore Naturali. Edita 1. Hokuryukan, Tokyo, pp. 277–278. [in Japanese]
  152. Park, K.T. (1983) Microlepidoptera of Korea. Insecta Koreana, 3, 1–195.
  153. Park, K.T. & Kim, J.M. (1986) Moths collected in the Northern Part of Civilian Control Line Neighbouring D.M.Z. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology, 25 (2), 77–83.
  154. Park, S.Y., Lim, J.S., Jo, D.G. & Lee, B.W. (2011) Insect fauna of (Mt.) Daemisan, Gangwon Province, Korea. Journal of Korean Nature, 4 (2), 87–97. https://doi.org/10.7229/jkn.2011.4.2.087
  155. Pohl, G.R., Landry, J.F., Schmidt, B.C. & deWaard, J.R. (2019) Lepidoptera of Canada. Zookeys, 819, 463–505. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.819.27259
  156. Popescu-Gorj, A. (1992) Le catalogue des types de Lépidoptères gardés dans les collections du Muséum d'Historie Naturelle 'Grigore Antipa' (Bucarest) (fam. Micropterigidae—Pterophoridae). Travaux du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle “Grigore Antipa”, 32, 131–184.
  157. Powell, J.A. (1969) A synopsis of nearctic adelid moths, with descriptions of new species (Incurvariidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society, 23 (4), 211–240.
  158. Prohaska, K. & Hoffmann, F. (1924–1929) Die Schmetterlinge Steiermarks. Teil VIII & Teil X. Mitt. naturwiss. Ver. Steiermark, 60, 63 & 64/65, 35–113, 164–198 & 272–321.
  159. Ratnasingham, S. & Hebert, P.D.N. (2007) BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data System (www.barcodinglife.org). Molecular Ecology Notes, 7 (3), 355–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01678.x
  160. Razowski, J. & Wojtusiak, J. (1978) Family-group taxa of the Adeloidea (Lepidoptera). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 48, 3–18.
  161. Razowski, J. & Kumata, T. (1985) Typenkatalog der von S. Matsumura beschriebenen Microlepidoptern. Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 17, 1–28. [in German]
  162. Rebel, H. (1900) Neue palaearctische Tineen. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift “Iris”, 13, 161–188. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48019000123
  163. Rebel, H. (1901) Catalog der Lepidopteren des Palaearctischen Faunengebietes. II: Theil; Famil. Pyralidae—Micropterygidae. s.n., Berlin, 368 pp.
  164. Regier, J.C., Mitter, C., Kristensen, N.P., Davis, D.R., van Nieukerken, E.J., Rota, J., Simonsen, T.J., Mitter, K.T., Kawahara, A.Y., Yen, S.H., Cummings, M.P. & Zwick, A. (2015) A molecular phylogeny for the oldest (non-ditrysian) lineages of extant Lepidoptera, with implications for classification, comparative morphology and life-history evolution. Systematic Entomology, 40, 671–704. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12129
  165. Robinson, G.S., Tuck, K.R. & Shaffer, M. (1994) A field guide to the smaller moths of South-East Asia. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, 309 pp.
  166. Roe, A.D. & Sperling, F.A. (2007) Population structure and species boundary delimitation of cryptic Dioryctria moths: an integrative approach. Molecular Ecology, 16 (17), 3617–3633. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03412.x
  167. Sakagami, K. (2022) Oviposition behavior of an adelid moth Nemophora bifasciatella Issiki (Adelidae) on the ovaries of Hydrangea serrata. Japan Heterocerist’s Journal, 300, 688.
  168. Sasaki, K., Yagi, S. & Hirowatari, T. (2017) Biological notes on an upsurge of Nemophora optima in the vicinity o Fukuoka city, Japan. Yadoriga, 254, 2–10. [in Japanese]
  169. Sauber, A. (1899) Neue paläarktische Mikrolepidopteren aus Centralasien. In: Junge, A. & Band, X. (Eds.), Verhandlungen des Vereins für Naturwissenschaftliche Unterhaltung zu Hamburg. Vol. 10. Verlag von L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg, pp. 47–104.
  170. Schütze, K.T. (1899) Biologische Mittheilungen über einige Kleinschmetterlinge. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 60 (3), 163–179.
  171. Shao, K.T., Peng, C.I. & Wu, W.J. (2008) 2008 Taiwan Species Diversity II. Species Checklist. Forestry Bureau, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taipei, 796 pp.
  172. Shen, X.C., Liu, X.T., Ren, Y.D., Shen, Q., Liu, X.G. & Zhang, S.J. (2013) The multivariate similarity clustering analysis and geographical division of insect fauna in China. Acta Entomologica Sininca, 56 (8), 896–906. [in Chinese with English Abstract]
  173. Shen, X.C. & Liu, Y.X. (1999) Adelidae. In: Shen, X.C. & Pei, H.C. (Eds.), Fauna and Taxonomy of Insects in Henan. Vol. 4. Insects of the Mountains Funiu and Dabie Regions. China Agricultural Scientech Press, Beijing, pp. 264. [in Chinese]
  174. Showalter, W.J. (1929) Exploring the wonders of the insect world. The National Geographic Magazine, 56 (1), 1–90.
  175. Snellen, P.C.T. (1884) Nieuwe of weinig bekende Microlepidoptera van Noord-Azie. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 276 pp., 12 pls. [in Dutch]
  176. Snellen, P.C.T. (1901) Beschrijvingen van nienwe exotische Tortricinen, Tineinin en Pterophorinen benevens aanteekeningen over reeds bekend gemaakte soorten. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 44, 67–98.
  177. Song, H.T., Sun, C.H. & Hu, C.L. (2012) New record insect species of Adelidae and Heliodinidae found in Jiangsu Province. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 40 (2), 266–268. [in Chinese]
  178. Spuler, A. (1910) Die Schmetterlinge Europas. Vol. 2. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 523 pp.
  179. Stainton, H.T. (1851) A catalogue of the Titieidae obtainedfrom Herr Joseph Maivi. of Vienna. in 1849. Appendix to Systematic Catalogue of the British Tineidae and Pterophoridae. London, pp. 15–28.
  180. Staudinger, O. (1892) Lepidopteren des Kentei-Gebirges. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 5, 300–394.
  181. Stecher, G., Tamura, K. & Kumar, S. (2020) Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) for macOS. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 37 (4), 1237–1239. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz312
  182. Stringer, H. (1930) New species of Microlepidoptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10, 6 (34), 415–422. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933008673234
  183. Sun, H., Wang, S.X. & Li, H.H. (2022) Review of the degeerella species group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg, 1798 (Lepidoptera: Adelidae) from China. Zootaxa, 5219 (4), 301–338. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.4.1
  184. Szent-Ivány, J. (1945) Faunistische und ökologische Angaben über die Adelinen (Lepidopt.) des Karpatenbeckens mit Beschreibung zwei neuer Arten. Fragmenta Faunistica Hungarica, 8, 7–10.
  185. Umetsu, K. (2014) Adelidae (Lepidoptera) of Akita Prefecture. Annual Report of Akita Prefectural Museum, 39, 3–9.
  186. van Nieukerken, E.J., Kaila, L., Kitching, I.J., Kristensen, N.P., Lees, D.C., Minet, J., Mitter, C., Mutanen, M., Regier, J.C., Simonsen, T.J., Wahlberg, N., Yen, S.H., Zahiri, R., Adamski, D., Baixeras, J., Bartsch, D., Bengtsson, B.Å., Brown, J.W., Bucheli, S.R., Davis, D.R., De Prins, J., De Prins, W., Epstein, M.E., Gentili-Poole, P., Gielis, C., Hättenschwiler, P., Hausmann, A., Holloway, J.D., Kallies, A., Karsholt, O., Kawahara, A.Y., Koster, S., Kozlov, M.V., Lafontaine, J.D., Lamas, G., Landry, J.F., Lee, S., Nuss, M., Park, K.T., Penz, C., Rota, J., Schintlmeister, A., Schmidt, B.C., Sohn, J.C., Solis, M.A., Tarmann, G.M., Warren, A.D., Weller, S., Yakovlev, R.V., Zolotuhin, V.V. & Zwick, A. (2011) Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.Q. (Ed.), Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-Level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness. Zootaxa, 3148 (1), pp. 212–221. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.41
  187. Walker, F. (1863) List of the specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. 28. Order of the Trustees, London, pp. 287–561.
  188. Walker, F. (1866) List of the specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. 35. Order of the Trustees, London, pp. 1536–2040.
  189. Walsingham, T. (1880) On some new and little known species of Tineidae. Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London, 1880, 77–93.
  190. Wang, F.X. & Lu, X.H. (2015) Moths in Daxinanling, China. Chinese Forestry Press, Beijing, 118 pp. [in Chinese]
  191. Wang, H.S., Chen, S.Y. & Dai, K.Y. (2020) Moths of Guangdong Shimentai National Nature Reserve. Hong Kong Lepidopterists’ Society, 287 pp. [in Chinese]
  192. Wang, H.Y., Park, K.T. & Arita, Y. (2000) Microlepidoptera. Guide Book to Insects in Taiwan (20). Taipei, Shu Shin Books, 252 pp. [in Chinese]
  193. Wang, M. & Kishida, Y. (2011) Moths of Guangdong Nanlin National Nature Reserve. Goecke & Evers, Keltern, 373 pp. [in Chinese]
  194. Wang, X.C. (2014) Sorting and research of moths of North China (I). Nankai University, Tianjin, 82 pp.
  195. Wiegmann, B.M., Regier, J.C. & Mitter, C. (2002) Combined molecular and morphological evidence on the phylogeny of the earliest lepidopteran lineages. Zoologica Scripta, 31 (1), 67–81. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0300-3256.2001.00091.x
  196. Wiemers M.& Fiedler K. (2007) Does the DNA barcoding gap exist?—a case study in blue butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Frontiers in Zoology, 4 (8), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-4-8
  197. Wu, H. & Pan, C.W. (2001) Insects of Tianmushan National Nature Reserve. Science Press, Beijing, 764 pp. [in Chinese]
  198. Yang, J.K. (1977) Moths of North China. Vol. 1. Peking Agricultural University, Beijing, 299 pp. [in Chinese]
  199. Yasuda, T. (1957) Three new species of the Japanese Microlepidoptera. Lepidoptera Science, 8 (4), 38–40.
  200. Yu, G.Y. (2015) Moths in Beijing. Science Press, Beijing, 478 pp. [in Chinese]
  201. Zeller, P.C. (1839) Versuch einer naturgemässen Eintheilung der Schaben. Isis, 3, 167–220.
  202. Zhang, P.Y. (2013) Ecological Photograph Handbook of Insects in Wulingshan. Northeast Forestry University Press, Harbin, 418 pp. [in Chinese]
  203. Zumkehr, P. (1987) The occurrence of some species of Nemophora and Adela on the island of terschelling Netherlands Lepidoptera Adelidae. Entomologische Berichten, 47 (2), 21–24.