Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5375 No. 2: 22 Nov. 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-11-22
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5375.2.6
Page range: 249-261
Abstract views: 204
PDF downloaded: 94

Taxonomic reassessment of Tetrapygus niger (Arbacioida, Echinoidea): molecular and morphological evidence support its placement in Arbacia

Biogéosciences; UMR 6282 CNRS; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon; France; Instituto Milenio de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE) and Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Chile; Santiago; Chile
Instituto Milenio de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE) and Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Chile; Santiago; Chile
Biogéosciences; UMR 6282 CNRS; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon; France
California Academy of Sciences; Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology; San Francisco; California; US
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Balboa; Panama
Instituto Milenio de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE) and Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Chile; Santiago; Chile; Área Zoología de Invertebrados; Museo Nacional de Historia Natural; Santiago; Chile
Instituto Milenio de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE) and Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Chile; Santiago; Chile; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas; Departamento de Zoologia; Universidad de Concepción; Concepción; Chile
Echinodermata Echinoidea arbaciidae Tetrapygus Arbacia Taxonomy

Abstract

The echinoid genus Tetrapygus was initially described by L. Agassiz (1841) based on a single species, Tetrapygus niger Molina, 1782. Since the extensive work conducted by Mortensen (1935), Tetrapygus has received limited taxonomic attention over the past century. Recent discoveries of new fossil species of Arbacia Gray, 1835 from the upper Pliocene of northern Chile revealed striking morphological similarities between the two distinct Arbaciidae genera Arbacia and Tetrapygus. These findings compelled new investigations to evaluate the taxonomic status of these genera. Based on molecular mitochondrial (COI), nuclear (28S), and morphological evidence, Tetrapygus niger is here recovered as the sister species to Arbacia dufresnii, both species forming a clade within the phylogeny of South American species of Arbacia. Consequently, the diagnosis and description of Tetrapygus niger are here revised, and the species is reattributed to Arbacia, as previously proposed by A. Agassiz in Agassiz & Desor (1846) under the species name Arbacia nigra. An emended diagnosis of Arbacia is also proposed in light of these new findings.

 

References

  1. Agassiz, A. (1863) List of the echinoderms sent to different institutions in exchange for other specimens, with annotations. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College, 1, 17–28. [https://biostor.org/reference/60255]
  2. Agassiz, A. (1872) Revision of the Echini. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College, 378 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.40080
  3. Agassiz, A. (1881) Report on the Echinoidea dredged by HMS “Challenger” 1873–76. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76, 3, 1–321.
  4. Agassiz, A. & Clark, H.L. (1908) Hawaiian and other Pacific Echini. The Salenidae, Arbaciadae, Aspidodiadematidae, and Diadematidae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 34, 43–132. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.42203
  5. Agassiz, L. (1840) Catalogus systematicus Ectyporum Echinodermatum fossilium Musei Neocomiensis, secundum ordinem zoologicum dispositus; adjectis synonymis recentioribus, nec non stratis et locis in quibus reperiuntur. Sequuntur characteres diagnostici generum novorum vel minus cognitorum. Apud Oliv. Petitpierre, Neocomi Helvetorum, 20 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8820
  6. Agassiz, L. (1841) Monographies d’Échinodermes vivans et fossiles. Échinites. Famille des Clypéasteroides. 2 (Seconde Monographie). Des Scutelles. L’auteur, Neuchâtel, 149 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1833
  7. Agassiz, L. & Desor, P.J.E. (1846) Catalogue raisonné des familles, des genres et des espèces de la classe des échinodermes. Annales des Sciences naturelles, Série 3, Zoologie, 6, 305–374. [in French] https://doi.org/10.5038/bin.books.1024
  8. Blainville, H.-M.D. (1825) Manuel de malacologie et de conchyliologie. Levrault, 559 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11582
  9. Campoy, A.N., Pérez-Matus, A., Wieters, E.A., Alarcón-Ireland, R., Garmendia, V., Beldade, R., Navarrete, S.A. & Fernández, M. (2023) The Hidden Diversity of Temperate Mesophotic Ecosystems from Central Chile (Southeastern Pacific Ocean) Assessed through Towed Underwater Videos. Diversity, 15, 360. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15030360
  10. Clark, H.L. (1909) Scientific results of the trawling expedition of H.M.C.S. “Thetis” off the coast of New South Wales, in February and March, 1898, Echinodermata. Australian Museum Memoir, 4, 519–564. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1967.4.1909.1507
  11. Clark, H.L. (1925) A catalogue of the recent sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Printed by rder of the Trustees of the British Museum, London, 250 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/t.13376
  12. Courville, E., González, M., Mourgues, F.A., Poulin, E. & Saucede, T. (2023) New Species of the Genus Arbacia (Echinoidea, Arbaciidae) from the Neogene of Chile. Ameghiniana, 60, 216–235. https://doi.org/10.5710/AMGH.01.03.2023.3536
  13. Courville, E., Poulin, E., Saucede, T., Mooi, R., Lessios, H., Martínez Salinas, A. & Díaz, A. (2023) Supporting Data - Taxonomic reassessment of Tetrapygus niger (Arbacioida, Echinoidea): molecular and morphological evidence support its placement in Arbacia [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10085730
  14. Desmoulins, C. (1835) Études sur les Échinides. Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, 7, 45–364.
  15. Filander, Z. & Griffiths, C.L. (2014) Additions to and revision of the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). African Natural History, 10, 47–56.
  16. Filatov, D.A. (2002) ProSeq: a software for preparation and evolutionary analysis of DNA sequence data sets. Molecular Ecology Notes, 2, 621–624. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00313.x
  17. Gray, J. (1835) On the genera distinguishable in Echinus Lamarck. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 3, 57–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1835.tb01252.x
  18. Gray, J. (1855) An arrangement of the families of Echinida, with descriptions of some new genera and species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 23, 35–39. [https://biostor.org/reference/235216]
  19. Gregory, J. (1900) n.k. In: The Echinoidea. A Treatise on Zoology. Part III. the Echinodermata. A and C Black, London, pp. 237–281.
  20. Guindon, S., Dufayard, J.F., Lefort, V., Anisimova, M., Hordijk, W. & Gascuel, O. (2010) New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Systematic biology, 59 (3), 307–321. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syq010
  21. Haye, P.A., Segovia, N.I., Muñoz-Herrera, N.C., Gálvez, F.E., Martínez, A., Meynard, A., Pardo-Gandarillas, M.C., Poulin, E. & Faugeron, S. (2014) Phylogeographic structure in benthic marine invertebrates of the southeast Pacific coast of Chile with differing dispersal potential. PLoS One, 9, e88613. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088613
  22. Hooker, Y., Prieto-Rios, E. & Solís-Marín, F.A. (2013) Echinoderms of Peru. Echinoderm research and diversity in Latin America, 277–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20051-9_8
  23. Jackson, R.T. (1912) Phylogeny of the Echini: with a revision of palaeozoic species. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 7, 1–491. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4630
  24. Jackson, R.T. (1927) Studies of Arbacia punctulata and allies, and of nonpentamerous Echini. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. 8. No. 4. Boston Society of Natural History, Boston, 132 pp., 75 text-figs.
  25. Klein, J.T. (1778) Naturalis Dispositio Echinodermatum. Accessit Lucubratiuncula de Aculeis Echinorum Marinorum et Spe?cilegium de Belemnitis. Edita et Descriptionibus Novisque Inventis et Synonymis Auctorum Auca a Nathanaele Godofredo Leske. Officina Gleditdchiana, Lipsiae [Leipzig], 278 pp.
  26. Kroh, A. (2020) Phylogeny and classification of echinoids. Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, 43, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819570-3.00001-9
  27. Kroh, A., Madeira, P. & Haring, E. (2012) Species distributions: virtual or real–the case of Arbaciella elegans (Echinoidea: Arbaciidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 50, 99–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2011.00636.x
  28. Lamarck, J.B. (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Verdiere, Paris. [unknown pagination]
  29. Larraín, A.P. (1975) Los equinoideos regulares fósiles y recientes de Chile. Gayana, Zoología, 35, 1–189. [https://biostor.org/reference/100805]
  30. Lemoine, F., Correia, D., Lefort, V., Doppelt-Azeroual, O., Mareuil, F., Cohen-Boulakia, S. & Gascuel, O. (2019) NGPhylogeny. fr: new generation phylogenetic services for non-specialists. Nucleic acids research, 47, W260–W265. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz303
  31. Leske, N.G. (1778) Additamenta ad Iacobi Theodori Klein Naturalem Dispositionem Echinodermatum et Lucubratiunculam de Aculeis Echinorum Marinorum. Officina Gleditschiana, Lipsiae, XX + 214 pp., pls. XXXVII–LIV. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11571
  32. Lessios, H., Lockhart, S., Collin, R., Sotil, G., Sanchez‐Jerez, P., Zigler, K., Perez, A., Garrido, M., Geyer, L. & Bernardi, G. (2012) Phylogeography and bindin evolution in Arbacia, a sea urchin genus with an unusual distribution. Molecular Ecology, 21, 130–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05303.x
  33. Linné, C.V. (1758) Systema Naturae. Tomus I. Regnum animale. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542
  34. Lovén, S. (1874) Études sur les Échinoïdées. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 11, 1–91.
  35. Madeira, P., Kroh, A., Cordeiro, R., Meireles, R. & Avila, S.P. (2011) The fossil echinoids of Santa Maria Island, Azores (Northern Atlantic Ocean). Acta Geologica Polonica, 61, 243–264.
  36. Molina, G. (1782) Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili. Nella Stamperia di S. Tommaso d’Aquino, Bologna, 367 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.62689
  37. Mongiardino-Koch, N., Coppard, S.E., Lessios, H.A., Briggs, D.E., Mooi, R. & Rouse, G.W. (2018) A phylogenomic resolution of the sea urchin tree of life. BMC evolutionary biology, 18, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1300-4
  38. Mortensen, T. (1910) The Echinoidea of the Swedish South polar expedition. In: Nordenskjöld, O. (Eds.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Südpolar Expedition. Lithographisches Institut, Stockholm, pp. 1–110. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.82333
  39. Mortensen, T. (1935) A Monograph of the Echinoidea, Vol. 2 Bothriocidaroida, Melonechinoida, Lepidocentroida, and Stirodonta. CA Reitzel, Copenhagen, 647 pp.
  40. Perreault, M.-C., Borgeaud, I.A. & Gaymer, C.F. (2014) Impact of grazing by the sea urchin Tetrapygus niger on the kelp Lessonia trabeculata in Northern Chile. Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology, 453, 22–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2013.12.021
  41. Rodríguez, S.R. (2003) Consumption of drift kelp by intertidal populations of the sea urchin Tetrapygus niger on the central Chilean coast: possible consequences at different ecological levels. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 251, 141–151. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps251141
  42. Rodríguez, S.R. & Ojeda, F.P. (1993) Distribution patterns of Tetrapygus niger (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) off the central Chilean coast. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 101, 157–157. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps101157
  43. Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics, 19 (12), 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
  44. Schumacher, C.F. (1817) Essai d’un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés: avec XXII planches. Imprimerie de Mr. le directeur Schultz, Copenhague, 287 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25211571] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.35863
  45. Smith, A.B. (1978) A functional classification of the coronal pores of regular echinoids. Palaeontology, 21 (Part 4), 759–789.
  46. Smith, A.B., Pisani, D., Mackenzie-Dodds, J.A., Stockley, B., Webster, B.L. & Littlewood, D.T.J. (2006) Testing the molecular clock: molecular and paleontological estimates of divergence times in the Echinoidea (Echinodermata). Molecular biology and evolution, 23, 1832–1851. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msl039
  47. Spalding, M.D., Fox, H.E., Allen, G.R., Davidson, N., Ferdaña, Z.A., Finlayson, M., Helpern, B.S., Jorge, M.A., Lombana, A., Lourie, S.A., Martin, K.D., McManus, E., Molnar, J., Recchia, C.A. & Robertson, J. (2007) Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas. BioScience, 57 (7), 573–583. https://doi.org/10.1641/B570707
  48. Stefanini, G. (1911) Di alcune Arbacia fossili. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia, 17, e52.
  49. Stockley, B., Smith, A.B., Littlewood, T., Lessios, H.A. & Mackenzie‐Dodds, J.A. (2005) Phylogenetic relationships of spatangoid sea urchins (Echinoidea): taxon sampling density and congruence between morphological and molecular estimates. Zoologica Scripta, 34, 447–468. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2005.00201.x
  50. Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. (2021) MEGA11: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 11. Molecular biology and evolution, 38, 3022–3027. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab120
  51. Troschel, F. (1872) Die Familie der echinocidariden (1). Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 38, 293–356.
  52. Valenciennes, A. (1846) Voyage autour du monde sur la fregate La Venus pendant les annees 1836–39. Atlas 4: Zoophytes. Gide et J. Baudry, Paris, 15 pls.
  53. Ward, R.D., Holmes, B.H. & O’Hara, T.D. (2008) DNA barcoding discriminates echinoderm species. Molecular Ecology Resources, 8, 1202–1211. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02332.x