Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5383 No. 1: 8 Dec. 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-12-08
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5383.1.4
Page range: 57-66
Abstract views: 168
PDF downloaded: 12

New Limaiinae (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from the early Eocene Fur Formation, Denmark, including an unexpected finding of a Mesozoic genus

Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity; Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Vladivostok; 960022; Russia
Natural History Museum of Denmark; Universitetsparken 15; Copenhagen; Denmark
Neuroptera Chrysopidae limaiinae Fur Formation Denmark early Eocene

Abstract

Two species of Limaiinae (Chrysopidae) are described from the early Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark: Mesypochrysa nielseni sp. nov. and Limaiinae gen. et sp. A. All forewing character states of M. nielseni sp. nov. are similar to those of the widely distributed Mesozoic genus Mesypochrysa Martynov, 1927, which was formerly known from the Middle Jurassic to mid-Cretaceous. Limaiinae gen. et sp. A is represented by an incomplete forewing. Although it differs from other species known from the formation, we refrained to name it pending a more complete specimen. The relatively high diversity of Limaiinae in the early Eocene of Denmark, with at least by two genera and four or five species is surprising. This diversity in the Fur Formation is nearly equal to that of Nothochrysinae.

 

References

  1. Adams, P.A. & Penny, N.D. (1992a) Review of the South American genera of Nothochrysinae (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). In: Canard, M., Aspöck, H. & Mansell, M.W. (Eds.), Current Research in Neuropterology. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Neuropterology (24-27 June 1991, Bagnères-de-Luchon, Haute-Garonne, France). Privately printed, Toulouse, France, pp. 35–41.
  2. Adams, P.A. & Penny, N.D. (1992b) New genera of Nothochrysinae from South America (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 68, 216–221.
  3. Andersen, S. (2001) Silky lacewings (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae) from the Eocene-Paleocene transition of Denmark with a review of the fossil record and comments on phylogeny and zoogeography. Insect Systematics and Evolution, 32, 419–438. https://doi.org/10.1163/187631201X00290
  4. Archibald, S.B. & Makarkin, V.N. (2006) Tertiary giant lacewings (Neuroptera: Polystoechotidae): revision and description of new taxa from western North America and Denmark. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 4 (2), 119–155. [Errata: 4(3): 307] https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477201906001817 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477201906001945
  5. Archibald, S.B., Makarkin, V.N., Greenwood, D.R. & Gunnell, G.F. (2014) The Red Queen and Court Jester in green lacewing evolution: bat predation and global climate change. Palaios, 29 (5), 385–391. https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2013.089
  6. Breitkreuz, L.C.V., Winterton, S.L. & Engel, M.S. (2017) Wing tracheation in Chrysopidae and other Neuropterida (Insecta): A resolution of the confusion about vein fusion. American Museum Novitates, 3890, 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/3890.1
  7. Chen, P.C., Wei, L.X., Mao, Y.M., Shi, C. F., Wang, X.B. & Yang, Q. (2021) A revision of Mesypochrysa intermedia (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and the evolution of Chrysopidae in the Mesozoic. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 60 (3), 401–414. [In Chinese, with English abstract] https://doi.org/10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2021020
  8. Chen, Z.L., Jouault, C., Li, H.Y., Xu, C.P., Nel, A., Huang, D.Y. & Liu, X.Y. (2022) A new green lacewing species of the extinct subfamily Limaiinae (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar. Cretaceous Research, 140, 105326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105326
  9. Dietrich, C.H. & Perkovsky, E.E. (2023) First leafhopper from the early Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark representing a new genus of Cicadellinae (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha). Palaeoentomology, 6 (5), 447–450. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.5.2
  10. Henriksen, K.L. (1922) Eocene Insects from Denmark. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, 2 (37), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.34194/raekke2.v37.6823
  11. Huang, D.Y., Lian, X.N., Jouault, C., Gao, J. & Nel, A. (2022) First green lacewing (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from the Paleocene Sanshui Basin of Guangdong, South China. Historical Biology, 34 (4), 704–712. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2021.1943381
  12. ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4th edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix + 305 pp.
  13. Jepson, J.E., Makarkin, V.N. & Coram, R.A. (2012) Lacewings (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Purbeck Limestone Group of southern England. Cretaceous Research, 34, 31–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2011.10.001
  14. Khramov, A.V. (2018) A new assemblage of Early Cretaceous green lacewings (Chrysopidae: Neuroptera) from Transbaikalia. In: Ross, A. & McGowan, A. (Eds.), Special Issue on Fossil Insects, Arthropods and Amber. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 107(for 2017) (2/3), 195–202. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691017000342
  15. Khramov, A.V., Liu, Q., Zhang, H.C. & Jarzembowski, E.A. (2016) Early green lacewings (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from the Jurassic of China and Kazakhstan. Papers in Palaeontology, 2 (1), 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1024
  16. Larsson, S.G. (1975) Palaeobiology and the mode of burial of the insects of the lower Mo-clay of Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 24, 193–209.
  17. Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, 10th ed. Vol. 1. Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542
  18. Lu, X.M., Wang, B., Ohl, M. & Liu, X.Y. (2018) The first green lacewing (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from the mid-Cretaceous amber of Myanmar. Zootaxa, 4399 (4), 563–570. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4399.4.6
  19. Makarkin, V.N. (1994) Upper Cretaceous Neuroptera from Russia and Kazakhstan. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N.S.), 30, 283–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/21686351.1994.12277708
  20. Makarkin, V.N. (1997) Fossil Neuroptera of the Lower Cretaceous of Baisa, East Siberia. Part 3. Chrysopidae. Spixiana, 20 (2), 107–118.
  21. Makarkin, V.N. (2014) A new fossil green lacewing (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from the Eocene Tadushi Formation, eastern Sikhote-Alin. Far Eastern Entomologist, 272, 1–7. [https://www.biosoil.ru/FEE/Publication/418]
  22. Makarkin, V.N. & Archibald, S.B. (2013) A diverse new assemblage of green lacewings (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from the Early Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America. Journal of Paleontology, 87 (1), 123–146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/12-052R.1
  23. Makarkin, V.N., Antell, G. & Archibald, S.B. (2022) A revision of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) of the late Eocene Florissant Formation, Colorado, with description of new species. Zootaxa, 5133 (3), 301–345. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5133.3.1
  24. Makarkin, V.N., Wedmann, S. & Weiterschan, T. (2018) The first green lacewings from the late Eocene Baltic amber. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 63 (3), 527–537. https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00504.2018
  25. Martins-Neto, R.G. (1992) Neurópteros (Insecta, Planipennia) da Formação Santana (Cretáceo Inferior) Bacia do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil. V.- Aspectos filogenéticos, paleoecológicos, paleobiogeográficos e descrição de novos taxa. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 64 (2), 117–148, 2 pls.
  26. Martins-Neto, R.G. (1997) Neurópteros (Insecta, Planipennia) da Formação Santana (Cretáceo Inferior), Bacia do Araripe, nordeste do Brasil. X - Descrição de novos táxons (Chrysopidae, Babinskaiidae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae e Psychopsidae). Revista Universidade de Guarulhos, Série Ciências Exatas e Technológicas, 2 (4), 68–83, 2 pls.
  27. Martins-Neto, R.G. (2003) The Santana Formation paleoentomofauna reviewed. Part I - Neuropteroida (Neuroptera and Raphidioptera): systematic and phylogeny, with description of new taxa. Acta Geologica Leopoldensia (R.S.), 25 (55) (for 2002), 35–66, 6 pls.
  28. Martins Neto, R.G. (2005) Estágio atual da paleoartropodologia brasileira: Hexápodes, Miriápodes, Crustáceos (Isopoda, Decapoda, Eucrustacea e Copepoda) e quelicerados. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 63 (3), 471–494.
  29. Martins-Neto, R.G. & Vulcano, M.A. (1989a) Neurópteros (Insecta: Planipennia) da Formação Santana (Cretáceo Inferior), Bacia do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil. I - Família Chrysopidae. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 60(for 1988) (2), 189–201, 1 pl.
  30. Martins-Neto, R.G. & Vulcano, M.A. (1989b) Neurópteros (Insecta, Planipennia) da Formação Santana (Cretáceo Inferior), Bacia do Araripe, nordeste do Brasil. IV - Complemento às partes I e II, com descrição de novos taxa. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 61 (3), 311–318, 1 pl.
  31. Martynov, A.V. (1927) Jurassic fossil insects from Turkestan. 7. Some Odonata, Neuroptera, Thysanoptera. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, (Ser. 6), 21, 757–768. [In Russian]
  32. Nel, A., Delclòs, X. & Hutin, A. (2005) Mesozoic chrysopid-like Planipennia: a phylogenetic approach (Insecta: Neuroptera). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N.S.), 41, 29–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2005.10697440
  33. Oswald, J.D. (1993) Revision and cladistic analysis of the world genera of the family Hemerobiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 101, 143–299.
  34. Panfilov, D.V. (1980) New representatives of lacewings (Neuroptera) from the Jurassic of Karatau. In: Dolin, V.G., Panfilov, D.V., Ponomarenko, A.G. & Pritykina, L.N. (Eds.), Fossil insects of the Mesozoic. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, pp. 82–111. [In Russian]
  35. Ponomarenko, A.G. (1992) New lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Mesozoic of Mongolia. In: Grunt, T.A. (Ed.). New taxa of fossil invertebrates of Mongolia. Transactions of the Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, 41, pp. 101–111, 3 pls. [In Russian]
  36. Rasmussen, J.A., Madsen, H., Schultz, B.P., Sylvestersen, R.L. & Bonde, N. (2016) The lowermost Eocene deposits and biota of the western Limjord region, Denmark – Field Trip Guidebook. In: 2nd International Mo-clay Meeting, 2–4 Nov. 2016, at Muse®um, Skive and Fossil and Mo-clay Museum, Museum Mors, Nykøbing Mors, Denmark, 35 pp.
  37. Ren, D. & Guo, Z.G. (1996) On the new fossil genera and species of Neuroptera (Insecta) from the Late Jurassic of northeast China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 21 (4), 461–479.
  38. Rust, J. (1999) Biologie der Insekten aus dem ältesten Tertiär Nordeuropas. Habilitationsschrift zur Erlangung der venia legendi für das Fach Zoologie in der biologischen Fakultät der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 482 pp., 34 Taf.
  39. Rust, J. & Ansorge, J. (1996) Bemerkentswerde Moler-Insekten. Fossilen, 6, 359–364.
  40. Schlüter, T. (1982) Cimbrochrysa moleriensis n. g. n. sp. und Hypochrysa hercyniensis n. sp., zwei fossile Chrysopidae-Arten (Insecta: Planipennia) aus dem europäischen Tertiär. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte, 1982 (5), 257–264. https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/1982/1982/257
  41. Schneider, W.G. (1851) Symbolae ad monographiam generis Chrysopae, Leach. Hirt, Vratislaviae, 178 pp.
  42. Tauber, C.A. (2019) South American Nothochrysinae (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae): II. Redescription of Leptochrysa prisca Adams & Penny. ZooKeys, 866, 19–38. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.866.35396
  43. Willmann, R. (1993) Insekten aus der Fur-Formation von Dänemark (Moler, ob. Paleozän / unt. Eozän?). 8. Zwei neue Vertreter der Chrysopidae (Neuroptera). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte, 1993 (4), 239–245. https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/1993/1993/239
  44. Willmann, R. & Brooks, S.J. (1991) Insekten aus der Fur-Formation von Dänemark (Moler, ob. Paleozän/ unt. Eozän?). 6. Chrysopidae (Neuroptera). Meyniana, 43, 125–135, 2 pls.
  45. Winterton, A.L., Gillung, J.P., Garzón-Orduña, I.J., Badano, D., Breitkreuz, L.C.V., Duelli, P.R., Engel, M.S., Liu, X.Y., Machado, R.J P., Mansell, M., Mochizuki, A., Penny, N.D., Tauber, C.A. & Oswald, J.D. (2019) Evolution of green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): an anchored phylogenomics approach. Systematic Entomology, 44, 514–526. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12347
  46. Yang, C.K. & Hong, Y.C. (1990) Drakochrysa, an Early Cretaceous new genus of Chrysopidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Laiyang basin, Shandong Province. Geoscience, 4 (4), 15–26, 1 pl. [In Chinese, English summary]
  47. Zhang, T.W., Luo, C.S., Shi, C.F., Yang, Q. & Ren, D. (2020a) New species of green lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Early Cretaceous of China. Cretaceous Research, 115, 104564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104564
  48. Zhang, T.W., Shi, C.F., Pang, H. & Ren, D. (2020b) New species of Protochrysa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from the Early Cretaceous of China. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 42 (2), 506–510. [In Chinese, English summary] https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-0858.2020.02.32