Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2023-12-20
Page range: 301-330
Abstract views: 262
PDF downloaded: 25

Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995

Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum of Nature (SMF); Marine Zoology—Senckenberganlage 25; 60325 Frankfurt am Main; Germany
Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum of Nature (SMF); Marine Zoology—Senckenberganlage 25; 60325 Frankfurt am Main; Germany; Station of Naturalists; Omsk; Russia
Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum of Nature (SMF); Marine Zoology—Senckenberganlage 25; 60325 Frankfurt am Main; Germany; Environmental Protection Authority; Socotra Branch; Hadibo; Yemen
Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum of Nature (SMF); Marine Zoology—Senckenberganlage 25; 60325 Frankfurt am Main; Germany; Maritime Affairs Authority; Mukalla; Yemen
Plastic at Sea; Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer; France
Pisces Arabian region distribution new records ecoregions Scarus taxonomy

Abstract

An updated account of the diversity of parrotfishes from the Socotra Archipelago is provided. Fourteen species are positively recorded based on underwater observations, photography and collections, including confirmations of three species which were previously only tentatively recorded: Scarus falcipinnis (Playfair, 1868), Scarus scaber Valenciennes, 1840 and Scarus tricolor Bleeker, 1847. The distribution of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995, previously known only from coastal waters of southern Oman, Pakistan and Bangladesh, is extended to the Archipelago, with Abd al-Kuri Island representing the westernmost edge of its known range. Visual records of three additional species are yet to be documented. With 14–17 species the Archipelago approximates the modal richness range of 15–18 species for Arabian ecoregions. A species account, accompanied by photographs, provides distinctive characters, distribution details in the Arabian region, and general remarks for each species. The distributional biogeography of the family pertinent to the Socotra Archipelago and the Arabian region is analysed in the context of the Western Indian Ocean. Three main Arabian units are identified: A ‘Red Sea unit’ spans the combined Red Sea ecoregions and the western Gulf of Aden; a ‘Socotra unit’ covers south-eastern Arabia including the Archipelago, the eastern Gulf of Aden and southern Oman; and a ‘Gulf unit’ combines the Arabian/Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Oman, and putatively central Oman. These units form a discrete “pan-Arabian” cluster within the wider Western Indian Ocean. The ‘Socotra unit’ resembles more strongly the ‘Gulf unit’ than the ‘Red Sea unit’. Parrotfishes thus contrast overall distributional patterns of reef fishes in Arabia.

 

References

  1. Aiello, B.R., Westneat, M.W. & Hale, M.E. (2017) Mechanosensation is evolutionarily tuned to locomotor mechanics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114 (17), 4459–4464. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616839114
  2. Bellwood, D.R. (1994) A phylogenetic study of the parrotfish family Scaridae (Pisces: Labroidei), with a revision of genera. Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 20, 1–86. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0812-7387.20.1994.51
  3. Bellwood, D.R. (2022) The taxonomic status of parrotfishes. In: Heemstra, P.C., Heemstra, E., Ebert, D.A., Holleman, W. & Randall, J.E. (Eds.), Coastal fishes of the Western Indian Ocean, volume 4. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, pp. 265.
  4. Bleeker, P. (1847) Pharyngognathorum Siluroideorumque species novae Javanenses. Natuur- en Geneeskundig Archief voor Neêrlandsch Indië, 4 (2), 155–169.
  5. Bleeker, P. (1855) Specierum piscium javanensium novarum vel minus cognitarum diagnoses adumbratae. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië, 7 (3), 415–448.
  6. Briggs, J.C. & Bowen, B.W. (2012) A realignment of marine biogeographic provinces with particular reference to fish distributions. Journal of Biogeography, 39, 12–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02613.x
  7. Bruce, R.W. & Randall, J.E. (1985) Revision of the Indo-Pacific parrotfish genera Calotomus and Leptoscarus. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 5, 1–32.
  8. Buchanan, J.R., Krupp, F., Burt, J.A., Feary, D.A., Ralph, G.M. & Carpenter, K.E. (2015) Living on the edge: Vulnerability of coral-dependent fishes in the Gulf. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 105, 480–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.033
  9. Carpenter, K., Krupp, F., Jones, D. & Zajonz, U. (1997) Living Marine Resources of Kuwait, Eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, viii + 293 pp.
  10. Choat, J.H., Klanten, O.S., Van Herwerden, L., Robertson, D.R. & Clements, K.D. (2012) Patterns and processes in the evolutionary history of parrotfishes (Family Labridae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 107 (3), 529–557. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01959.x
  11. Clarke, K.R. & Warwick, R.M. (2001) Change in Marine Communities: An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation. 2nd Edition. Plymouth, 172 pp.
  12. Clarke, K.R. & Gorley, R.N. (2006) PRIMER v6: User Manual/Tutorial. (Plymouth Routines In Multivariate Ecological Research). PRIMER-E Ltd, Plymouth, 192 pp.
  13. Cowman, P.F., Bellwood, D.R. & van Herwerden, L. (2009) Dating the evolutionary origins of wrasse lineages (Labridae) and the rise of trophic novelty on coral reefs. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52, 621–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.015
  14. DeVantier, L., De'ath, G., Klaus, R., Al-Moghrabi, S., Abdulaziz, M., Reinicke, G. & Cheung, C. (2004) Reef-building corals and coral communities of the Socotra Archipelago, a zoogeographic 'crossroads' in the Arabian Sea. Fauna of Arabia, 20, 117–168.
  15. Eagderi, S., Fricke, R., Esmaeili, H. & Jalili, P. (2019) Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf: Diversity and conservation status. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 6 (Suppl.1), 1–171. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v6i0.454
  16. Edwards, A. & Head, S. (1987) Key Environments: Red Sea. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 440 pp.
  17. Fricke, R. (2023) References in Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes, electronic version (02 October 2023). California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. Available from: http://research.calacademy.org/research/Ichthyology/Catalog/fishcatmain.asp (accessed 13 April 2021)
  18. Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W.N. & van der Laan R. (2023) Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes, electronic version (02 October 2023). California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. Available from: http://research.calacademy.org/research/Ichthyology/Catalog/fishcatmain.asp (accessed 13 April 2021)
  19. Golani, D. & Bogorodsky, S.V. (2010) The fishes of the Red Sea – reappraisal and updated checklist. Zootaxa, 2463 (1), 1–135. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2463.1.1
  20. Golani, D. & Fricke, R. (2018) Checklist of Red Sea fishes with delineation of the Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba, endemism and Lessepsian migrants. Zootaxa, 4509 (1), 1–215. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4509.1.1
  21. Hasan, M.E. & Parvej, M.R. (2020) Range extension of parrotfishes Scarus zufar and Chlorurus rhakoura (Teleostei: Scarinae) to Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 36, 84–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4399975
  22. Hughes, L.C., Nash, C.M., White, W.T. & Westneat, M.W. (2022) Concordance and Discordance in the Phylogenomics of the Wrasses and Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae). Systematic Biology, 72 (3), 530–543. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syac072
  23. Kemp, J.M. (1998) Zoogeography of the coral reef fishes of the Socotra Archipelago. Journal of Biogeography, 25 (5), 919–933. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.1998.00249.x
  24. Kemp, J.M. & Benzoni, F. (2000) A preliminary study of coral communities in the northern Gulf of Aden. Fauna of Arabia, 18, 67–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003380050194
  25. Klaus, R. & Turner, J.R. (2004) The marine biotopes of the Socotra Archipelago. Fauna of Arabia, 20, 45–115.
  26. Klunzinger, C.B. (1871) Synopsis der Fische des Rothen Meeres. II. Theil. (Schluss). Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 21, 441–688. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14760
  27. Kulbicki, M., Parravicini, V., Bellwood, D.R., Arias-Gonzàlez, E., Chabanet, P., Floeter, S.R., Friedlander, A., McPherson, J., Myers, R.E., Vigliola, L. & Mouillot, D. (2013) Global Biogeography of Reef Fishes: A Hierarchical Quantitative Delineation of Regions. Plos One, 8, e81847 EP. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081847
  28. Lacépède, B.G.E. (1802) Histoire naturelle des poissons. Volume 4. F.-G. Levrault, Paris, 728 pp.
  29. Magurran, A.E., Khachonpisitsak, S. & Ahmad, A.B. (2011) Biological diversity of fish communities: pattern and process. Journal of Fish Biology, 79, 1393–1412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03091.x
  30. Lips, J., Lips, B. & Roux, J.-M. (2016) Poissons de Djibouti. Université de Djibouti, Djibouti, 216 pp.
  31. Niebuhr, C. (1775) Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit […]. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr, Hauniae, 164 pp.
  32. Parenti, P. & Randall, J.E. (2000) An Annotated Checklist of the Species of the Labroid Fish Families Labridae and Scaridae. Ichthyological Bulletin, 68, 1–97.
  33. Parenti, P. & Randall, J.E. (2011) Checklist of the species of the families Labridae and Scaridae: an update. Smithiana, Publications in Aquatic Biodiversity, Bulletin, 13, 29–44.
  34. Playfair, R.L. (1868) The fishes of Seychelles. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (3) (6), 846–872.
  35. Psomadakis, P.N., Osmany, H.B. & Moazzam, M. (2015) Field identification guide to the living marine resources of Pakistan. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, x + 386 pp.
  36. Randall, J.E. (1994) Twenty-two new records of fishes from the Red Sea. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 14, 259–275.
  37. Randall, J.E. (1995) Coastal fishes of Oman. Crawford House Publishing, Bathurst, 550 pp.
  38. Randall, J.E. (2022) Family Scaridae. In: Heemstra, P.C., Heemstra, E., Ebert, D.A., Holleman, W. & Randall, J.E. (Eds.), Coastal fishes of the Western Indian Ocean, volume 4. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, pp. 266–293.
  39. Randall, J.E. & Bruce, R.W. (1983) The parrotfishes of the subfamily Scarinae of the western Indian Ocean with descriptions of three new species. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, 47, 1–39.
  40. Randall, J.E. & Hoover, J.P. (1995) Scarus zufar, a new species of parrotfish from southern Oman, with comments on endemism of the area. Copeia, 1995 (3), 683–688. https://doi.org/10.2307/1446765
  41. Riegl, B. (2001) Inhibition of reef framework by frequent disturbance: examples from the Arabian/Persian Gulf, South Africa, and the Cayman Islands. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 175, 79–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00387-X
  42. Rüppell, E. (1828–1830) Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika. Fische des Rothen Meers. Heinrich Ludwig Brönner, Frankfurt am Main, 141 pp.
  43. Sheppard, C. & Salm, R. (1988) Reef and coral communities of Oman, with the description of a new coral species (Order Scleractinia, genus Acanthastrea). Journal of Natural History, 22, 263–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938800770201
  44. Sheppard, C. & Sheppard, A. (1991) Corals and coral communities of Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 12, 3–170.
  45. Siqueira, A.C., Bellwood, D.R. & Cowman, P.F. (2019) The evolution of traits and functions in herbivorous coral reef fishes through space and time. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 286, 20182672. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2672
  46. Spalding, M.D., Fox, H.E., Halpern, B.S., McManus, M.A., Molnar, J., Allen, G.R., Davidson, N., Jorge, Z.A., Lombana, A.L., Lourie, S.A., Martin, K.D., McManus, E., Recchia, C.A. & Robertson, J. (2007) Marine ecoregions of the world: A bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas. Bioscience, 57, 573–583. https://doi.org/10.1641/B570707
  47. Steindachner, F. (1902) Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der südarabischen Expedition in den Jahren 1898 bis 1899. Fische von Südarabien und Socotra. Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 39 (24) (76), 316–318.
  48. Valenciennes, A. (1840a) Scarus scaber. In: Cuvier G. & Valenciennes A. (Eds.), Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome quatorzième. Suite du livre seizième. Labroïdes. Livre dix-septième. Des Malacoptérygiens. Pitois-Levrault et Cie, Paris, pp. 239.
  49. Valenciennes, A. (1840b) Callyodon carolinus. In: Cuvier G. & Valenciennes A. (Eds.), Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome quatorzième. Suite du livre seizième. Labroïdes. Livre dix-septième. Des Malacoptérygiens. Pitois-Levrault et Cie, Paris, pp. 291.
  50. Westneat, M.W. & Alfaro, M.E. (2005) Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the reef fish family Labridae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 36, 370–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2005.02.001
  51. Zajonz, U., Khalaf, M. & Krupp, F. (2000) Coastal fish assemblages of the Socotra Archipelago. In: Apel, M. & Hariri, K. I. (Eds.), Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity of Socotra Archipelago Marine Habitat, Biodiversity and Fisheries Surveys and Management. Progress Report of Phase III. Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt a.M., pp. 127–170.
  52. Zajonz, U. & Khalaf, M.A. (2002) Inshore Fishes of the Socotra Archipelago: diversity and community structure. In: Apel, M., Hariri, K.I. & Krupp, F. (Eds.), Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity of Socotra Archipelago. Marine Habitat, Biodiversity and Fisheries Surveys and Management. Final Report of Phase III. Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt a.M., pp. 237–296.
  53. Zajonz, U., Lavergne, E., Klaus, R., Krupp, F., Aideed, M.S. & Saeed, F. (2016) The Coastal Fishes and Fisheries of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen. Special Issue: Coral Reefs of Arabia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 105, 660–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.025
  54. Zajonz, U., Lavergne, E., Bogorodsky, S.V., Saeed, F.N., Aideed, M.S. & Krupp, F. (2019) Coastal fish diversity of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen. Zootaxa, 4636 (1), 1–108. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4636.1.1
  55. Zajonz, U., Lavergne, E., Bogorodsky, S.V. & Krupp, F. (2022) Biogeography of the Coastal Fishes of the Socotra Archipelago: Challenging Current Ecoregional Concepts. PLoS ONE, 17 (4), e0267086. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267086
  56. Zajonz, U., Bogorodsky, S.V., Saeed, F.N., Aideed, M.S. & Lavergne, E. (2022, 2023 updated) Supplements 1–5 to Zajonz et al. (Zootaxa accepted 2023, Parrotfishes of Socotra). (Supplement 1—Distributional data / Supplement 2—Complementary charts 1 / Supplement 3—ANOSIM data / Supplement 4—SIMPER analysis / Supplement 5—Complementary charts 2). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10008905.