Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Monograph
Published: 2024-10-21
Page range: 1-66
Abstract views: 191
PDF downloaded: 18

Review of Neoleptastacus Nicholls, 1945 (Harpacticoida, Arenopontiidae), including an updated key to species and proposal of Phreatipontia gen. nov.

Department of Biology; Faculty of Science and Literature; Balıkesir University; Balıkesir; Türkiye
Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Mersin University; Mersin; Türkiye
Department of Life Sciences; Natural History Museum; Cromwell Road; London SW7 5BD; UK
Crustacea identification keys interstitial copepods Neoleptastacus abbreviatus sp. nov. N. angolensis comb. nov. N. chilensis sp. nov. N. emendatus sp. nov. N. panamensis sp. nov. N. pseudishikarianus sp. nov. N. rectus sp. nov. N. supersetosus sp. nov. new combinations new species Phreatipontia phreatica comb. nov. P. speluncae comb. nov. species groups taxonomic revision

Abstract

A revision of the genus Neoleptastacus Nicholls, 1945 (Harpacticoida, Arenopontiidae) is presented, resulting in the recognition of 24 valid species. The genus is divided in five species groups based on shared morphological character states, i.e. the acanthus-, australis-, speluncae-, trisetosus- and spinicaudatus-groups with the acanthus-group being further fragmented in three subgroups (acanthus, gussoae, ornamentus). The two members of the speluncae-group, Neoleptastacus phreatica (Cottarelli, Bruno & Venanzetti, 1994) and N. speluncae (Cottarelli, Bruno & Venanzetti, 1994), are redescribed and transferred to a new genus, Phreatipontia gen. nov., that appears to have a preference for low salinity habitats. The Mediterranean N. acanthus (Chappuis, 1954) is redescribed based on material from Türkiye and considered potentially conspecific with N. huysi (Karanovic, 2000). The male specimen illustrated in the original description of N. longiremis (Chappuis, 1955) is designated as the lectotype to define the nominal taxon objectively in the likely event that females and males assigned to this inadequately described species turn out to be non-conspecific. Detailed morphological comparison of species currently allocated to the gussoae-complex revealed three new cryptic taxa from Central and South America which are accorded specific rank (N. abbreviatus sp. nov., N. chilensis sp. nov., and N. rectus sp. nov.). The taxonomic status of Arenopontia (Neoleptastacus) acantha accraensis Lang, 1965 sensu Kunz (1971) is reassessed based on material from Angola and described as N. emendatus sp. nov. The Panamanian material previously identified as N. trisetosus (Mielke, 1982) is considered to represent a distinct species, N. panamensis sp. nov. while N. pseudishikarianus sp. nov. is proposed for the Chilean “population” of N. ishikarianus (Itô, 1968). Neoleptastacus supersetosus sp. nov. is described from Kuwait, representing the first arenopontiid record from the Arabian Peninsula. Neoleptastacus secundus Krishnaswamy, 1957 and N. accraensis (Lang, 1965) are treated as species inquirendae while Arenopontia breviarticulata Mielke, 1975 is removed from its provisional position in Neoleptastacus and placed as species incertae sedis in the Arenopontiidae. Distribution data are summarized for each species and the previously assumed amphi-Panamanian and amphi-Pacific distribution patterns of N. gussoae (Cottarelli, 1973) and N. ishikarianus, respectively, are rejected. Updated keys to the 24 valid species of Neoleptastacus and the six genera currently recognized in the family are provided.

 

References

  1. Alper, A. (2009) Datça-Bozburun özel çevre koruma bölgesi (Muğla, Türkiye) sahillerinin kumiçi ve fital Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) faunasının belirlenmesi. Determination of the interstitial and phytal Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) fauna of the coast of Datça-Bozburun (Muğla, Turkey) specially protected area. PhD dissertation, University of Balıkesir, Türkiye, 150 pp. [in Turkish with English summary]
  2. Alper, A., Karaytuğ, S. & Sak, S. (2010) Interstitial and phytal Harpacticoida (Crustacea: Copepoda) inhabiting the mediolittoral zone of the Datça-Bozburun Peninsulas (Muğla, Turkey). SDU Journal of Science, 5, 16–28.
  3. Alper, A., Sönmez, S., Sak, S. & Karaytuğ, S. (2015) Marine harpacticoid (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) fauna of the Dilek Peninsula (Aydın, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39, 580–586. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1405-67
  4. Berera, R. (2000) Gli Psammopsyllinae Krishnaswamy 1956 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) come esempio di colonizzazione delle acque continentali: osservazioni sugli aspetti biologici, ecologici ed evolutivi. PhD dissertation, Universita’ degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, 121 pp.
  5. Block, W. (1992) An Annotated Bibliography of Antarctic Invertebrates (Terrestrial and Freshwater). British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, v + 263 pp.
  6. Bodin, P. (1967) Catalogue des nouveaux Copépodes Harpacticoïdes marins. Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle de Paris, Nouvelle Série, Series A, 50 (1), 1–76.
  7. Bodin, P. (1976) Catalogue des nouveaux Copépodes Harpacticoïdes marins. Additif no. 2. Téthys, 7 (2–3), 265–278.
  8. Bodin, P. (1979) Catalogue des nouveaux Copépodes Harpacticoïdes marins (Nouvelle édition). Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, 228 pp.
  9. Bodin, P. (1988) Catalogue des nouveaux Copépodes Harpacticoïdes marins (Édition 1988). Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire d’Océanographie biologique, Brest, 288 pp.
  10. Bodin, P. (1997) Catalogue of the new marine harpacticoid copepods (1997 Edition). Studiedocumenten van het K.B.I.N./Documents de Travail de l’I.R.Sc.N.B., 89, 1–304.
  11. Bodiou, J.-Y. & Colomines, J.-C. (1986) Harpacticoïdes (Copépodes) des Iles Crozet I. – Description d’une espèce nouvelle du genre Arenopontia Kunz. Harpacticoids (Crustacea, Copepoda) from the Crozet Islands. Description of a new species of the genus Arenopontia Kunz. Vie et Milieu, 36, 55–64.
  12. Božić, B. (1967) Deux Copépodes Harpacticoïdes de l’Inde. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, Series 2, 38, 869–873.
  13. Bruno, M.C. & V. Cottarelli, V. (1999) New records of harpacticoids (Crustacea, Copepoda) from subterranean fresh and brackish waters of Greece. Contributions to the Zoogeography and Ecology of the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1, 305–315.
  14. Bruno, M.C., Cottarelli, V. & Berrera, R. (1998) Preliminary remarks on the cladistic systematics in some taxa of Leptopontiidae and Parastenocarididae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). Bolletino. Museo Civico di Storia naturale di Verona, 2° Serie, 13, 69–79.
  15. Chappuis, P.-A. (1953) Copépodes Harpacticoïdes psammiques de Madagascar. Mémoires de l’Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Series A, 7, 145–160.
  16. Chappuis, P.-A. (1954) Harpac­ticides psammiques récoltés par Cl. Delamare Deboutteville en Méditerranée. Vie et Milieu, 4, 254–276.
  17. Chappuis P.-A. (1955) Recherches sur la faune interstitielle des sédiments marins et d’eau douce á Madagascar. IV. Copépodes Harpacticoïdes psammiques de Madagascar. Mémoires de l’Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Series A, 9, 45–73.
  18. Chappuis P.-A. (1958) Harpacticoïdes psammiques marins des environs de Seattle (Washington, U.S.A.). Vie et Milieu, 8, 409–422.
  19. Chappuis, P.-A. & Delamare Deboutteville, C. (1956) Étude sur la faune interstitielle des îles Bahamas récoltée par Madame Renaud-Debyser. I. Copépodes et Isopodes. Vie et Milieu, 7, 373–396.
  20. Chappuis, P.-A. & Rouch, R. (1961) Harpacticoïdes psammiques d’une plage près d’Accra (Ghana). Vie et Milieu, 11, 605–614.
  21. Chertoprud, E.S., Frenkel, S.E, Kim, K. & Lee, W. (2015) Harpacticoida (Copepoda) of the northern East Sea (the Sea of Japan) and the southern Sea of Okhotsk: diversity, taxocenes, and biogeographical aspects. Journal of natural History, 49, 2869–2890. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1056268
  22. Cottarelli, V. (1969) Un nuovo Crostaceo di acque interstiziali Italiane: Psammopsyllus pasquinii n. sp. –(Harpacticoida, Cylindropsyllidae). Rendiconti dell’Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere, (B) 103, 8–21.
  23. Cottarelli, V. (1971) Nuove Parastenocaris (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) dell’Italia centro-meridionale. Some new species of Parastenocaris (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) of the central and southern Italy. Rivista di Idrobiologia, 8 (1), 105–132.
  24. Cottarelli V. (1973a) Arenopontia gussoae n. sp., nuovo arpacticoide di acque interstiziali litorali dell’isola di Cuba (Crustacea, Copepoda). Fragmenta entomologica, 9, 49–59.
  25. Cottarelli, V. (1973b) Paramesochridae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) di acque interstiziali litorali Italiana. Rivista di Idrobiologia, 10 (1–2), 19–30.
  26. Cottarelli, V. (1975) Una nuova Arenopontia di acque interstiziali litorali della Sardegna (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida). Fragmenta entomologica, 11, 65–72.
  27. Cottarelli, V. & Berera, R. (2004) Il fiume sotto il fiume: ricerche sul popolamento iporreico a crostacei del Fiume Fiora (Italia Centrale). [The river under the river: researches on the hyporheic crustacean community of the Fiora River (Central Italia).] Studi trentini di Scienze naturali, Acta biologica, 80, 27–30.
  28. Cottarelli, V., Bruno, M.C. & Berera, R. (1998) Remarks on the genus Ichnusella (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida) and description of two new species from subterranean freshwater habitats in Latium and Sardinia, Italy. Vie et Milieu, 49, 129–143.
  29. Cottarelli, V., Bruno, M.C. & Forniz, C. (1996) Copepodi Arpacticoidi e Sincarida (Crustacea) di acque sotterranee delle isole circumsarde. Biogeographia, 18, 261–272. https://doi.org/10.21426/B618110418
  30. Cottarelli, V., Bruno, M.C. & Venanzetti, F. (1994) Ricerche zoologiche della nave oceanografica “Minerva” (C.N.R.) sulle isole circumsarde. XVIII. First record in phreatic freshwater of harpacticoids belonging to the genus Arenopontia (Crustacea, Copepoda) and description of two new species. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria”, 90, 471–485.
  31. Cottarelli, V. & Venanzetti, F. (1989) Ricerche zoologiche della nave oceanografica «Minerva» (C.N.R.) sulle isole circumsarde. II. Cylindropsyllidae del meiobenthos di Montecristo e delle isole circumsarde (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria”, 87, 183–235.
  32. Delamare Deboutteville, C. (1953a) La faune des eaux souterraines littorales des plages de Tunisie. Vie et Milieu, 4, 141–170.
  33. Delamare Deboutteville, C. (1953b) Recherches sur l’écologie et la répartition du Mystacocaride Derocheilocaris remanei Delamare et Chappuis, en Méditerranée. Vie et Milieu, 4, 321–380.
  34. Delamare Deboutteville, C. (1953c) La faune des eaux souterraines littorales en Algérie. Vie et Milieu, 4, 470–503.
  35. Delamare Deboutteville, C. (1960) Biologie des eaux souterraines littorales et continentales. Vie et Milieu, Supplement 9, 1–740.
  36. Fricke, A.H., Hennig, H.F.-K.O. & Orren, M.J. (1981) Relationship between oil pollution and psammolittoral meiofauna density of two South African beaches. Marine environmental Research, 5, 59–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(81)90023-4
  37. Hennig, H.F.-K.O., Eagle, G.A., Fielder, L., Fricke, A.H., Gledhill, W.J., Greenwood, P.J. & Orren, M.J. (1983) Ratio and population density of psammolittoral meiofauna as a perturbation indicator of sandy beaches in South Africa. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 3, 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00394031
  38. Huys, R. (1992) The amphiatlantic distribution of Leptastacus macronyx (T. Scott, 1892) (Copepoda: Harpacticoida): a paradigm of taxonomic confusion; and, a cladistic approach to the classification of the Leptastacidae Lang, 1948. Mededelingen van de Koninklijke Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en schone Kunsten van België, 54 (4), 21–196.
  39. Huys, R. (1995) A new genus of Paramesochridae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from amphioxus-sand, Elat, Israel. Journal of natural History, 29, 673–684. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939500770231
  40. Huys, R., Bodiou, J.-Y. & Bodin, P. (1996a) A revision of Psamathea (Harpacticoida: Leptastacidae) with description of P. brittanica sp. nov. Vie et Milieu, 46, 7–19.
  41. Huys, R. & Boxshall, G.A. (1991) Copepod Evolution. The Ray Society, London, 468 pp.
  42. Huys, R., Gee, J.M., Moore, C.G. & Hamond, R. (1996b) Marine and Brackish Water Harpacticoid Copepods. Part 1. In: Barnes, R.S.K. & Crothers, J.H. (Eds.), Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series), 51, Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury, pp. i–viii + 1–352.
  43. Huys, R. & Iliffe, T.M. (1998) Novocriniidae, a new family of harpacticoid copepods from anchihaline caves in Belize. Zoologica Scripta, 27, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1998.tb00425.x
  44. ICZN [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4th Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxx + 306 pp.
  45. Itô, T. (1968) Descriptions and records of marine harpacticoid copepods from Hokkaido. I. Journal of the Faculty of Sciences, Hokkaido University, Zoology, 16, 369–381.
  46. Itô, T. (1973) The significance of life history study in the benthos research, from the viewpoint of the harpacticids. Kaiyo-Kagaku (Marine Sciences Monthly), 5 (3), 34–40. [in Japanese with English summary]
  47. Itô, T. (1978) A new species of marine interstitial harpacticoid copepod of the genus Arenopontia from the Bonin Islands, southern Japan. Annotationes zoologicæ japonenses, 51, 47–55.
  48. Itô, T. (1984) Studies on the interstitial animals in the Ishikari beach, Hokkaido, northern Japan – a preliminary report. Benthos Research, 26, 1–14. [in Japanese with English summary]
  49. Jayabarathi, R., Padmavati, G. & Anandavelu, I. (2012) Abundance and species composition of harpacticoid copepods from a sea grass patch of South Andaman, India. Current Research Journal of biological Sciences, 4, 717–724.
  50. Kajihara, H., Ikoma, M., Yamasaki, H. & Hiruta, S.F. (2015) Trilobodrilus itoi sp. nov., with a re-description of T. nipponicus (Annelida: Dinophilidae) and a molecular phylogeny of the genus. Zoological Science, 32, 405–417. https://doi.org/10.2108/zs140251
  51. Karanovic, T. (2000) Arenopontia (Neoleptastacus) huysi, sp. nov. (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from marine interstitial of Montenegro (S.E. Europe). Helgoland marine Research, 54, 33–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s101520050033
  52. Karanovic, T. (2008) Marine interstitial Poecilostomatoida and Cyclopoida (Copepoda) of Australia. Crustaceana Monographs, 9, 1–336. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004164598.i-332
  53. Karaytuğ, S. & Sak, S. (2005) A new record of Psammopsyllus Nicholls, 1945 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Leptopontiidae), with a description of a new species from the Black Sea. Israel Journal of Zoology, 51, 135–146. https://doi.org/10.1560/97VR-LFM4-8YDH-AF9P
  54. Kazmi, Q.B. & Naushaba, R. (2000) A survey of coastal marine interstitial arthropods from sandy area of Karachi. In: Ahmed, V.U. (Ed.), Proceedings of the National ONR Symposium on Arabian Sea as a Resource of Biological Diversity, 18–20 September 2000. Karachi University Press, Karachi, pp. 129–143.
  55. Krishnaswamy, S. (1957) Studies on the Copepoda of Madras. PhD dissertation, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 168 pp.
  56. Kunz, H. (1937) Zur Kenntnis der Harpacticoiden des Küstengrundwassers der Kieler Förde. (Studien an marinen Copepoden I.). Kieler Meeresforschungen, 2, 95–115.
  57. Kunz, H. (1954) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Harpacticoiden der Deutschen Bucht. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 10, 224–228, pls. 27–29.
  58. Kunz, H. (1971) Harpacticoiden (Crustacea Copepoda) von einem Sandstrand Angolas. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 186, 348–357.
  59. Lang, K. (1948) Monographie der Harpacticiden. Vols. I & II. Håkan Ohlsson, Lund, 1682 pp. [pp. 1–896 & pp. 897–1682]
  60. Lang, K. (1965) Copepoda Harpac­ticoida from the Californian Pacific coast. Kungliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, Series 4, 10 (2), 1–560.
  61. Lindgren, E.W. (1972) Systematics and ecology of North Carolina marine Sandy-beach Harpacticoida (Copepoda: Crustacea). PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 212 pp.
  62. Lindgren, E.W. (1976) Five species of Arenopontia (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from a North Carolina beach, U.S.A. Crustaceana, 30, 229–240. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854076X00611
  63. McLachlan, A. (1980) Intertidal zonation of macrofauna and stratification of meiofauna on high energy sandy beaches in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 44, 213–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/00359198009520563
  64. McLachlan, A. & Furstenberg, J.P. (1977) Studies on the psammolittoral meiofauna of Algoa Bay. III. A quantitative analysis of the nematode and crustacean communities. Zoologica africana, 12, 61–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/00445096.1977.11447549
  65. Mantha, G., Moorthy, M.S.N., Altaff, K., Dahms, H.-U., Sivakumar, K. & Hwang, J.-S. (2012) Community structure of the Harpacticoida (Crustacea: Copepoda) on the coast of Chennai, India. Zoological Studies, 51, 463–475.
  66. Martínez Arbizu, P. & Moura, G. (1994) The phylogenetic position of the Cylindropsyllinae Sars (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) and the systematic status of the Leptopontiinae Lang. Zoologische Beiträge, Neue Folge, 35, 55–77.
  67. Masry, D. (1970) Ecological study of some sandy beaches along the Israeli Mediterranean coast, with a description of the interstitial harpacticoids (Crustacea, Copepoda). Cahiers de Biologie marine, 11, 229–258. https://doi.org/10.21411/CBM.A.4943D377
  68. Mielke, W. (1975) Systematik der Copepoda eines Sandstrandes der Nordseeinsel Sylt. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 52, 1–134.
  69. Mielke, W. (1982a) Interstitielle Fauna von Galapagos. XXIX. Darcythompsoniidae, Cylindropsyllidae (Harpacticoida). Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 87, 1–52.
  70. Mielke, W. (1982b) Three variable Arenopontia species (Crustacea, Copepoda) from Panamá. Zoologica Scripta, 11, 199–207. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1982.tb00533.x
  71. Mielke, W. (1983) Two new Psammopsyllus species (Copepoda) from the Caribbean coast of Panamá. Studies on neotropical Fauna and Environment, 18, 101–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650528309360623
  72. Mielke, W. (1985) Interstitielle Copepoda aus dem zentralen Landesteil von Chile: Cylindropsyllidae, Laophontidae, Ancorabolidae. Microfauna marina, 2, 181–270.
  73. Mielke, W. (1987) Interstitielle Copepoda von Nord- und Süd-Chile. Microfauna marina, 3, 309–361.
  74. Mielke, W. (1988) Apodopsyllus cubensis n. sp., a new interstitial copepod (Paramesochridae) from Cuba. Stygologia, 4, 155–165.
  75. Munro, A.L.S., Wells, J.B.J. & McIntyre, A.D. (1978) Energy flow in the flora and meiofauna of sandy beaches. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 76B, 297–315. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269727000002943
  76. Nagabhushanam, A.K. (1972) Studies on the marine intertidal ecology of the Orissa coast. Proceedings of the national Institute of Sciences of India, Biological Sciences, Series B, 38, 308–315.
  77. Nicholls, A.G. (1945) Marine Copepoda from Western Australia. IV.– Psammophilous harpacticoids. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 29, 17–24.
  78. Noodt, W. (1955a) Marmara denizi Harpacticoid’leri (Crust. Cop.). Marine Harpacticoiden (Crust. Cop.) aus dem Marmara Meer. Istanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Mecmuası, Series B, 20, 49–94.
  79. Noodt, W. (1955b) Harpacticiden (Crust. Cop.) aus dem Sandstrand der französischen Biscaya-Küste. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 11, 86–109.
  80. Pati, S.K., Mahapatro, D., Singhsamant, B. & Panigrahy, R.C. (2009) Intertidal benthic fauna of Gopalpur, east coast of India. Flora and Fauna, 15 (2), 310–316.
  81. Pennak, RW. (1942) Harpacticoid copepods from some intertidal beaches near Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Transactions of the American microscopical Society, 61, 274–285. https://doi.org/10.2307/3222599
  82. Pugh, P.J.A., Dartnall, H.J.G. & McInnes, S.J. (2002) The non-marine Crustacea of Antarctica and the Islands of the Southern Ocean: biodiversity and biogeography. Journal of natural History, 36, 1047–1103. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930110039602
  83. Rao, G.C. (1967) On the life‑history of a new sand dwelling harpacticoid copepod. Crustaceana, 13, 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854067X00297
  84. Rao, G.C. (1970) The marine interstitial fauna inhabiting the beach sands of Orissa coast. Journal of the Zoological Society of India, 21, 89–104.
  85. Rao, G.C. (1973) Trilobodrilus indicus n. sp. (Dinophilidae, Archiannelida) from Andhra coast. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Series B, 77 (3), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03045383
  86. Rao, G.C. (1975) The interstitial fauna in the intertidal sands of Andaman and Nicobar group of islands. Journal of the marine biological Association of India, 17, 116–128.
  87. Rao, G.C. (1980) On the zoogeography of the interstitial meiofauna of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Indian Ocean. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 77, 153–178. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v77/i1-4/1979/161851
  88. Rao, G.C. (1987) Meiofauna of the Marine National Park, South Andaman. Journal of the Andaman scientific Association, 3, 88–97.
  89. Rao, G.C. (1989a) Intertidal meiofauna. In: Jairajpuri, M.S. (Ed.), Fauna of Orissa. Part 2. State Fauna Series 1. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 1–77.
  90. Rao, G.C. (1989b) Ecology of the meiofauna of sand and mud flats around Port Blair. Journal of the Andaman Science Association, 5 (2), 99–107.
  91. Rao, G.C. (1991) Meiofauna. In: Jairajpuri, M.S. (Ed.), Fauna of Lakshadweep. State Fauna Series, 2. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 41–135.
  92. Rao, G.C. (1993) Littoral meiofauna of Little Andaman. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Papers, 155, 1–120.
  93. Rao, G.C. & Clausen, C. (1970) Planodasys marginalis gen. et sp. nov. and Planodasyidae fam. nov. (Gastrotricha Macrodasyoidea). Sarsia, 42, 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/00364827.1970.10411164
  94. Rao, G.C. & Misra, A. (1983) Meiofauna from Lakshadweep, Indian Ocean. Cahiers de Biologie marine, 24, 51–68. https://doi.org/10.21411/CBM.A.FAE78DC2
  95. Renaud-Debyser, J. (1963) Recherches écologiques sur la faune interstitielle des sables. Bassin d’Arcachon – île de Bimini, Bahamas. Vie et Milieu, Supplement 15, 1–157.
  96. Rouch, R. (1962) Harpacticoïdes (Crustacés Copépodes) d’Amérique du Sud. Biologie de l‘Amérique Australe, 1, 237–280.
  97. Sak, S. (2004) Arenopontiidae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) familyasının taksonomisi ve filogenisi. [Taxonomy and phylogeny of the family Arenopontiidae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida)]. PhD dissertation, University of Balıkesir, Balıkesir, 312 pp.
  98. Sak, S., Huys, R. & Karaytuğ, S. (2008) Disentangling the subgeneric division of Arenopontia Kunz, 1937: resurrection of Psammoleptastacus Pennak, 1942, re-examination of Neoleptastacus spinicaudatus Nicholls, 1945, and proposal of two new genera and a new generic classification (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Arenopontiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 152, 409–458. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00373.x
  99. Sak, S., Karaytuğ, S. & Huys, R. (2024) A revision of the genus Arenopontia Kunz, 1937 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Arenopontiidae), including the description of five new species. Zootaxa, 5433 (1), 1–50. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5433.1.1
  100. Sevastou, K. (2005) On the ecology of meiofauna of the sandy shores of Crete: distribution patterns of meiobenthic copepods over space and time. PhD dissertation, University of Crete, Heraklion, 233 pp. [in Greek with English summary]
  101. Sevastou, K., Lampadariou, N. & Eleftheriou, A. (2011) Meiobenthic diversity in space and time: The case of harpacticoid copepods in two Mediterranean microtidal sandy beaches. Journal of Sea Research, 66, 205–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2011.06.004
  102. Silva, A.P.C. da (2006) Efeito da maré na distribuição vertical da meiofauna e de Copepoda Harpacticoida na Praia Arenosa de Maracaípa (Pernambuco, Brasil). MSc dissertation, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 56 pp., 16 unnumbered appendices (anexos; 16 pp.). [in Portuguese]
  103. Sugumaran, J. & Padmasai, R. (2019) Meiofaunal diversity and density of Manamelkudi – an intertidal sandy beach of Palk Bay, India. Research Journal of Life Sciences, Bioinformatics, pharmaceutical and chemical Sciences, 5 (2), 31–46. https://doi.org/10.26479/2019.0502.03
  104. Wandeness, A.P. (1998) Estrutura espaço-temporal dos Copepoda Harpacticoida em um perfil na regiao de Macaé, RJ. (Spatio-temporal structure of the Copepoda Harpacticoida on a transect in the region of Macaé, RJ.). MSc dissertation, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 69 pp. [in Portuguese]
  105. Wells, J.B.J. (1967) The littoral Copepoda (Crustacea) of Inhaca Island, Mozambique. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 67 (7), 189–358. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800024017
  106. Wells, J.B.J. (1986a) Biogeography of benthic harpacticoid copepods of the marine littoral and continental shelf. In: Schriever, G., Schminke, H.K. & Shih, C.-T. (Eds.), Proceedings II. International Conference on Copepoda, Ottawa, Canada, 13–17 August 1984. Syllogeus, 58, pp. 126–135.
  107. Wells, J.B.J. (1986b) Copepoda: Marine-interstitial Harpacticoida. In: Botosaneanu, L. (Ed.), Stygofauna Mundi, a Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial). E.J. Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys, Leiden, pp. 356–381. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004631977_037
  108. Wells, J.B.J. (2007) An annotated checklist and keys to the species of Copepoda Harpacticoida (Crustacea). Zootaxa, 1568 (1), 1–872. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1568.1.1
  109. Wells, J.B.J. & Rao, G.C. (1987) Littoral Harpacticoida (Crustacea: Copepoda) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Memoirs of the Zoological Survey of India, 16 (4), 1–385.