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Issue: Vol. 5555 No. 2: 18 Dec. 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-12-18
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5555.2.1
Page range: 151-181
Abstract views: 113
PDF downloaded: 7

Studies on western Pacific gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia). Part 3: towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Keratoisididae) with descriptions of three new genera and four new species

Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology; Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266071; China
Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics; Second Institute of Oceanography; Ministry of Natural Resources; Hangzhou; China
School of Life Sciences; University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu; Hawaii 96822; USA
Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology; Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center; Qingdao 266237; China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049; China
Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics; Second Institute of Oceanography; Ministry of Natural Resources; Hangzhou; China
Coelenterata Aethisis Dentatisis Parajasonisis Scleralcyonacea seamount taxonomy

Abstract

Members of clade J3 in Keratoisididae form a large monophyletic branch but show a diversity of morphological features. Based on an integrated taxonomy approach, six specimens of deep-sea bamboo corals (Octocorallia: Keratoisididae) collected from the seamounts in the Western Pacific Ocean are described as three new genera and four new species of clade J3. Aethisis turriformis gen. et sp. nov. is characterized by branches originating in different planes forming a tree-shaped colony, a bare sclerite-free area present at the base of each tentacle, and in polyps and coenenchyme flat rods and thick scales often with toothed lateral edges and two rounded ends. Parajasonisis flabellata gen. et sp. nov. is characterized by alternately and biserially arranged polyps, flat rods/needles in the upper polyp body wall, and flat rods and elongate and thick scales in the basal polyp body wall and coenenchyme. Dentatisis gen. nov. is characterized by flat rods in tentacles with dentate lateral edges and two rounded and slightly expanded ends, irregular rods with conical projections in the pharynx, granulated needles and flat rods both present in polyp body wall. Dentatisis bathyalis sp. nov. has dense scales with a medial constriction in basal polyp body wall and coenenchyme, and needles forming longitudinal bands at the mesenterial insertions, extending to the upper polyp body wall. Dentatisis projecta sp. nov. is characterized by trumpet-shaped polyps with large needles projecting beyond the tentacles bases, abundant granulated rods/needles, and scales absent in polyp body wall and coenenchyme. The species in clade J3, especially the genus Dentatisis gen. nov., show high morphological differentiation. Phylogenetic analyses of mtMutS and 28S rDNA both supported the assignment of the new genera and species. Compared with mtMutS, 28S rDNA showed high genetic variation with the three new genera each forming single clades respectively with moderate to high support in 28S rDNA trees. The nuclear marker 28S rDNA may be more effective than the mitochondrial marker mtMutS, and could be a promising marker to distinguishing keratoisidid congeners.

 

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