Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5555 No. 3: 19 Dec. 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-12-19
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5555.3.4
Page range: 385-406
Abstract views: 139
PDF downloaded: 3

Two new species of the long-jawed orb-weaving spider genus Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) from southern China

College of Life Science; Hunan Normal University; Changsha 410081; Hunan; China
College of Life Science; Hunan Normal University; Changsha 410081; Hunan; China
College of Life Science; Hunan Normal University; Changsha 410081; Hunan; China
College of Life Science; Hunan Normal University; Changsha 410081; Hunan; China
College of Life Science; Hunan Normal University; Changsha 410081; Hunan; China
Araneae Taxonomy morphology DNA barcoding tetragnathid Glenognatha

Abstract

The spider genus Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 is widely distributed in the world, exhibiting higher species diversity in Palaearctic and Nearctic regions. Two new Pachygnatha species from southern China are described based on males and females: Pachygnatha shengtangensis sp. nov. and Pachygnatha unciniformis sp. nov. Detailed descriptions, color photographs and line drawings of the two new species, and a distribution map of Chinese Pachygnatha are provided. Furthermore, the COI sequences of the new species, and the p-distances are also presented between seven Pachygnatha species including five known and the two new species. The embolic medial groove, previously recorded and described in the genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887, is also present in the two new species, representing the first record of this structure in the genus Pachygnatha.

 

References

  1. Álvarez-Padilla, F. & Hormiga, G. (2007) A protocol for digesting internal soft tissues and mounting spiders for scanning electron microscopy. The Journal of Arachnology, 35 (3), 538–542. https://doi.org/10.1636/Sh06-55.1
  2. Álvarez-Padilla, F., Dimitrov, D. & Giribet, G. (2009) Phylogenetic relationships of the spider family Tetragnathidae (Araneae, Araneoidea) based on morphological and DNA sequence data. Cladistics, 25 (2), 109–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00242.x
  3. Álvarez-Padilla F. & Hormiga, G. (2011) Morphological and phylogenetic atlas of the orb-weaving spider family Tetragnathidae (Araneae: Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 162, 713–879. https://doi.org/1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00692.x
  4. Álvarez-Padilla, A., Kallal, R.J. & Hormiga, G. (2020) Taxonomy and phylogenetics of Nanometinae and other Australasian orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 438, 1–107. https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090.438.1.1
  5. Bosmans, R. & Bosselaers, J. (1994) Spiders of the genera Pachygnatha, Dyschiriognatha and Glenognatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae), with a revision of the Afrotropical species. Zoologica Scripta, 23 (4), 325–352. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1994.tb00392.x
  6. Baba, Y.G. & Tanikawa, A. (2018) Two new spider species of the genera Glenognatha and Pachygnatha (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) from Japan. Acta Arachnologica, 67 (1), 39–42. https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.67.39
  7. Cabra-García, J. & Brescovit, A.D. (2016) Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the orb-weaving spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae). Zootaxa, 4069 (1), 1–183. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4069.1.1
  8. Castanheira, P. de S., Baptista, R.L.C., Pizzetti, D.D.P. & Teixeira, R.A. (2019) Contributions to the taxonomy of the long-jawed orb-weaving spider genus Tetragnatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in the Neotropical region, with comments on the morphology of the chelicerae. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 95 (2), 465–505. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.36762
  9. Dewaard, J.R. , Ratnasingham, S. , Zakharov, E.V. , Borisenko, A.V., Steinke, D., Telfer, A.C., Perez, K.H.J., Sones, J.E., Young, M.R., Levesque-Beaudin, V., Sobel, C.N., Abrahamyan, A., Bessonov, K., Blagoev, G., Dewaard, S.L., Ho, C., Ivanova, N.V., Layton, K.K. S., Lu, L., Manjunath, R., McKeown, J.T.A., Milton, M.A., Miskie, R., Monkhouse, N., Naik, S., Nikolova, N., Pentinsaari, M., Prosser, S.W.J., Radulovici, A. E., Steinke, C., Warne, C.P. & Hebert, P.D.N. (2019) A reference library for Canadian invertebrates with 1.5 million barcodes, voucher specimens, and DNA samples. Scientific Data, 6 (1), 308. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0320-2.
  10. Dimitrov, D. & Hormiga, G. (2011) An extraordinary new genus of spiders from Western Australia with an expanded hypothesis on the phylogeny of Tetragnathidae (Araneae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (4), 735–768. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00662.x
  11. Dondale, C.D., Redner, J.H., Paquin, P. & Levi, H.W. (2003) The insects and arachnids of Canada. Part 23. The orb-weaving spiders of Canada and Alaska (Araneae: Uloboridae, Tetragnathidae, Araneidae, Theridiosomatidae). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 371 pp.
  12. Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. & Vriejenhoek, R. (1994) DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology Biotechnology, 3, 294–299.
  13. Kallal, R.J. & Hormiga, G. (2018a) An expanded molecular phylogeny of metaine spiders (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) with description of new taxa from Taiwan and the Philippines. Invertebrate Systematics, 32 (2), 400–422. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS17058
  14. Kallal, R.J. & Hormiga, G. (2018b) Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of the Australasian leaf-curling orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Araneidae: Zygiellinae), with a comparative analysis of retreat evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 184 (4), 1055–1141. https://doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zly014
  15. Levi, H.W. (1980) The orb-weaver genus Mecynogea, the subfamily Metinae and the genera Pachygnatha, Glenognatha and Azilia of the subfamily Tetragnathinae north of Mexico (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 149, 1–74.
  16. Martin, D. (1978) Zum Radnetzbau der Gattung Pachygnatha sund. (Araneae, Tetragnathidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 54, 83–95.
  17. Nzigidahera, B. & Jocqué, R. (2014) On the genus Pachygnatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in the Albertine Rift of Burundi, with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 93, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2014.93
  18. Pentinsaari, M., Blagoev, G.A., Hogg, I.D., Levesque-Beaudin, V., Perez, K., Sobel, C.N., Vandenbrink, B. & Borisenko, A. (2020) A DNA Barcoding Survey of an Arctic Arthropod Community: Implications for Future Monitoring. Insects, 2020, 11 (1). https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11010046
  19. Roslin, T., Somervuo, P., Pentinsaari, M., Hebert, P.D.N., Agda, J., Ahlroth, P., Anttonen, P., Aspi, J., Blagoev, G., Blanco, S., Chan, D., Clayhills, T., deWaard, J., deWaard, S., Elliot, T., Elo, R., Haapala, S., Helve, E., Ilmonen, J., Hirvonen, P., Ho, C., Itamies, J., Ivanov, V., Jakovlev, J., Juslen, A., Jussila, R., Kahanpaa, J., Kaila, L. , Kaitila, J. P., Kakko, A., Kakko, I., Karhu, A., Karjalainen, S., Kjaerandsen, J., Koskinen, J., Laasonen, E.M., Laasonen, L., Laine, E., Lampila, P., Levesque-Beaudin, V., Lu, L., Lahteenaro, M., Majuri, P., Malmberg, S., Manjunath, R., Martikainen, P., Mattila, J., McKeown, J., Metsala, P., Miklasevskaja, M., Miller, M., Miskie, R., Muinonen, A., Mukkala, V.M., Naik, S., Nikolova, N., Nupponen, K., Ovaskainen, O., Osterblad, I., Paasivirta, L., Pajunen, T., Parkko, P., Paukkunen, J., Penttinen, R., Perez, K., Pohjoismaki, J., Prosser, S., Raekunnas, M., Rahulan, M., Rannisto, M., Ratnasingham, S., Raukko, P., Rinne, A., Rintala, T., Romo, S.M., Salmela, J., Salokannel, J., Savolainen, R., Schulman, L., Sihvonen, P., Soliman, D., Sones, J., Steinke, C., Stahls, G., Tabell, J., Tiusanen, M., Varkonyi, G., Vesterinen, E.J., Viitanen, E., Vikberg, V., Viitasaari, M., Vilen, J., Warne, C., Wei, C., Winqvist, K., Zakharov, E. & Mutanen, M. (2021) A molecular-based identification resource for the arthropods of Finland. Molecular Ecology Resources, 22 (2), 803–822. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13510
  20. Sundevall, C.J. (1823) Specimen academicum genera araneidum Sueciae exhibens. C. F. Berling, Lundae, 22 pp.
  21. Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. (2021) MEGA11: Molecular Evo-lutionary Genetics Analysis version 11. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38, 3022–3027. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab120
  22. Telfer, A.C., Young, M. R., Quinn, J., Perez, K., Sobel, C.N., Sones, J.E., Levesque-Beaudin, V., Derbyshire, R., Fernandez-Triana, J., Rougerie, R., Thevanayagam, A., Boskovic, A., Borisenko, A.V., Cadel, A., Brown, A., Pages, A., Castillo, A.H., Nicolai, A., Glenn Mockford, B.M., Bukowski, B., Wilson, B., Trojahn, B., Lacroix, C.A., Brimblecombe, C., Hay, C., Ho, C., Steinke, C., Warne, C.P., Garrido Cortes, C., Engelking, D., Wright, D., Lijtmaer, D.A., Gascoigne, D., Hernandez Martich, D., Morningstar, D., Neumann, D., Steinke, D., Marco DeBruin, D.D., Dobias, D., Sears, E., Richard, E., Damstra, E., Zakharov, E.V., Laberge, F., Collins, G.E., Blagoev, G.A., Grainge, G., Ansell, G., Meredith, G., Hogg, I., McKeown, J., Topan, J., Bracey, J., Guenther, J., Sills-Gilligan, J., Addesi, J., Persi, J., Layton, K.K., D’Souza, K., Dorji, K., Grundy, K., Nghidinwa, K., Ronnenberg, K., Lee, K.M., Xie, L., Lu, L., Penev, L., Gonzalez, M., Rosati, M.E., Kekkonen, M., Kuzmina, M., Iskandar, M., Mutanen, M., Fatahi, M., Pentinsaari, M., Bauman, M., Nikolova, N., Ivanova, N.V., Jones, N., Weerasuriya, N., Monkhouse, N., Lavinia, P.D., Jannetta, P., Hanisch, P.E., McMullin, R.T., Ojeda Flores, R., Mouttet, R., Vender, R., Labbee, R.N., Forsyth, R., Lauder, R., Dickson, R., Kroft, R., Miller, S.E., MacDonald, S., Panthi, S., Pedersen, S., Sobek-Swant, S., Naik, S., Lipinskaya, T., Eagalle, T., Decaens, T., Kosuth, T., Braukmann, T., Woodcock, T., Roslin, T., Zammit, T., Campbell, V., Dinca, V., Peneva, V., Hebert, P.D. & deWaard, J.R. (2015) Biodiversity inventories in high gear: DNA barcoding facilitates a rapid biotic survey of a temperate nature reserve. Biodiversity Data Journal, (3), e6313. https://doi.org/10.3897/bdj.3.e6313
  23. Thaler, K. (1991) Pachygnatha terilis n. sp. aus den Südalpen, mit Bemerkungen zu einigen Araneidae der Alpenländer (Arachnida: Aranei, Tetragnathidae, Araneidae). Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck 78, 47–57.
  24. Wheeler, W.C., Coddington, J.A., Crowley, L.M., Dimitrov, D., Goloboff, P.A., Griswold, C.E., Hormiga, G., Prendini, L., Ramírez, M.J., Sierwald, P., Almeida-Silva, L.M., Álvarez-Padilla, F., Arnedo, M.A., Benavides, L.R., Benjamin, S.P., Bond, J.E., Grismado, C.J., Hasan, E., Hedin, M., Izquierdo, M.A., Labarque, F.M., Ledford, J., Lopardo, L., Maddison, W.P., Miller, J.A., Piacentini, L.N., Platnick, N.I., Polotow, D., Silva-Dávila, D., Scharff, N., Szűts, T., Ubick, D., Vink, C., Wood, H.M. & Zhang, J.X. (2017) The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling. Cladistics 33 (6), 576–616. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12182
  25. World Spider Catalog (2024) World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: https://wsc.nmbe.ch/ (accessed 24 April 2024)
  26. Yang, Y.M., Tian, K., Hao, J.M., Pei, S.J. & Yang, Y.X. (2004) Biodiversity and biodiversity conservation in yunnan, china. Biodiversity & Conservatioit, 13 (4), 813–826. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOC.0000011728.46362.3c
  27. Zhang Y.Q. (2008) List of spiders in Guangxi. Acta Arachnologica Sinica, (01), 54–63.
  28. Zhu, M.S., Song, D.X. & Zhang, J.X. (2003) Fauna Sinica: Invertebrata Vol. 35: Arachnida: Araneae: Tetragnathidae. Science Press, Beijing, 418 pp.