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Issue: Vol. 5571 No. 1: 21 Jan. 2025
Type: Monograph
Published: 2025-01-21
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5571.1.1
Page range: 1-76
Abstract views: 357
PDF downloaded: 12

A roadmap for harlequin frog systematics, with a partial revision of Amazonian species related to Atelopus spumarius

Biogeography Department; Trier University; 54286 Trier; Germany
Biogeography Department; Trier University; 54286 Trier; Germany
Département Homme & Environnement; Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle; CNRS; 75005 Paris; France
Fundación Atelopus; Santa Marta; Colombia
Laboratory Mecadev UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN; Département Adaptations du Vivant; Bâtiment d’Anatomie Comparée; 75005 Paris; France
Department of Biological Sciences; Florida International University; Miami; FL 33199; USA
Museo de Biodiversidad del Perú; Cusco; Peru
Instituto Peruano de Herpetología (IPH); Lima; Peru
Dendrobirds Peru; Tarapoto; Peru
Physiologie moléculaire et adaptation; Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle; CNRS; 75231 Paris; France
Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios; Fundación Jambatu; San Rafael; Ecuador
Department of Biological Sciences; Universidad de los Andes; Bogotá; Colombia
Photo Wildlife Tours; Quito; Ecuador; Fundación Cóndor Andino; Quito; Ecuador
Museo de Historia Natural; Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; Lima; Peru
Instituto de Biología; Universidad de Antioquia; Medellín; Colombia
Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC; Madrid; Spain
Biogeography Department; Trier University; 54286 Trier; Germany
Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden; Museum of Zoology; 01109 Dresden; Germany; Technical University of Dresden; Faculty of Biology; Dresden; Germany
Bichos.team; Bogotá; Colombia
Centre de Recherche su la Biodiversité et l´Environnment (CRBE) - UMRS 5300; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; 31062 Toulouse cedex 9; France
Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ; Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA; Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva; Quito; Ecuador; Tandayapa Cloud Forest Station; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ; Quito; Ecuador
Biogeography Department; Trier University; 54286 Trier; Germany
Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Populações (LECP); Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil
Biogeography Department; Trier University; 54286 Trier; Germany
Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden; Museum of Zoology; 01109 Dresden; Germany
Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden; Museum of Zoology; 01109 Dresden; Germany
Biogeography Department; Trier University; 54286 Trier; Germany
Escuela de Geografía; Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales; Universidad de Los Andes; Mérida 5101; Venezuela
Fundación para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Físicas; Matemáticas y Naturales; Caracas; Venezuela; Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (FUDECI); Caracas; Venezuela
Grupo de Morfología y Ecología Evolutiva; Instituto de Ciencias Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Bogotá D.C.; Colombia
Viks byvag 17; Norrtalje; Sweden
Department of Biology; University of Dayton; Dayton; Ohio; USA
Fundación Atelopus; Santa Marta; Colombia
Synchrotron SOLEIL L’Orme des Merisiers; Départementale 128; 91190 Saint-Aubin; France
Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios; Fundación Jambatu; San Rafael; Ecuador
Fundación Ecominga; Quito; Ecuador
Instituto Peruano de Herpetología (IPH); Lima; Peru
Zukunftskolleg; University of Konstanz; Konstanz; Germany; Department of Ecology of Animal Societies; Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior; Konstanz; Germany
Fundación Atelopus; Santa Marta; Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Aplicada (GIBEA); Facultad de Ciencias Básicas; Universidad del Magdalena; Santa Marta; Magdalena; Colombia
Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb) e Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos; Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente; Universidad Indoamérica; Av. Machala y Sabanilla; Quito; Ecuador
Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC); Avenida Américo Vespucio; 26; 41092 Seville; Spain
Laboratory Mecadev UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN; Département Adaptations du Vivant; Bâtiment d’Anatomie Comparée; 75005 Paris; France
Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios; Fundación Jambatu; San Rafael; Ecuador
Department of Biological Sciences; Universidad de los Andes; Bogotá; Colombia
Biogeography Department; Trier University; 54286 Trier; Germany
Instituto Peruano de Herpetología (IPH); Lima; Peru; Rainforest Partnership; 4005 Guadalupe St.; Austin; Texas 78751; USA
Biology Program; California State University Channel Islands; One University Drive; Camarillo; CA 93012; USA
Department of Biology; University of Dayton; Dayton; Ohio; USA
Biogeography Department; Trier University; 54286 Trier; Germany
Amphibia Amphibian crisis

Abstract

Harlequin frogs, genus Atelopus, are a species-rich group of bufonid anurans from the Neotropics with more than 100 species. For nearly four decades now, this group has suffered from massive population declines. Almost all species are threatened with extinction, and many populations and several species are considered extinct or possibly extinct. This results in a limited sampling available for studies on harlequin frog systematics, especially in terms of molecular genetic information. However, efficient conservation of harlequin frogs requires an improved taxonomy. This is further complicated through the circumstance that many Atelopus species are relatively poor in external morphological characters combined with a high level of intra-specific character variation (e.g. coloration and body size). At the same time, cryptic diversity exists with well differentiated species (supported by osteology and molecular genetics) almost indistinguishable by external morphology. We compiled the largest dataset to date for mitochondrial (12S, 16S, cyt b) and nuclear (POMC, RAG1) markers and present a phylogeny (likelihood and Bayesian inference methods) including 152 samples from 104 populations scattered over the entire geographic range of the genus. Four allo- or parapatric main clades are distinguished: I. Sierra Nevada; II. Venezuelan-Andean; III. Andean-Chocó-Central American (with the ignescens and the varius-longirostris clades); and IV Amazonian (containing the tricolor and the flavescens-spumarius clades). The phylogenetic relationships within these clades remain to be resolved. Taxonomic implications included both splitting and lumping, but taxonomic action is here only taken for populations related to A. spumarius from western Amazonia. Besides redescriptions of A. spumarius sensu stricto and A. colomai, we describe two new species based on morphology, skull osteology and bioacoustics. Additional yet understudied populations from Amazonia may be allocated to these species or may represent additional undescribed taxa.

 

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