Abstract
A new species of free-living marine nematode, Pheronous jairajpurii sp. nov. belonging to the family Ironidae collected from an intertidal sandy beach of Tamil Nadu, India, is described and illustrated. The genus Pheronous until now had two species, Pheronous ogdeni Inglis, 1966 and P. donghaiensis Chen & Guo, 2015. The new species resembles P. ogdeni in the number and shape of precloacal papillae and differs in the shape of spicules and gubernaculum, number and arrangement of postcloacal papillae, while it resembles P. donghaiensis in the shape and size of spicules and gubernaculum, however differs in the cuticle ornamentation, number and arrangement of pre and postcloacal papillae. An emended diagnosis of the genus Pheronous along with identification key is provided.
References
- Andrássy, I. (1976) Evolution as a basis for the systematization of nematodes. Pitman, London, 288 pp.
- Bastian, H.C. (1865) Monograph on the Anguillutidae, or Free Nematoids, marine, land, and freshwater, with descriptions of 100 new species. Transactions of the Linnean Society, 25, 73–180.
- Chen, C., Long, S.M. & Rosli, N.M. (2012) An Ecological Study of Free-living Marine Nematodes in Teluk Awar, Sarawak, Malaysia. Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology, 2 (1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1865.tb00179.x
- Chen, Y.Z. & Guo, Y.Q. (2015) Three new and two known free-living marine nematode species of the family Ironidae from the East China Sea. Zootaxa, 4018 (2), 151–175. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4018.2.1
- Cobb, N.A. (1920) One hundred new Nemas (type-species of 100 new genera). Contributions to science of Nematology, 9, 217–343.
- Cobb, N.A. (1932) The english word “nema”. Journal of the American Medical Association, 98 (1), 75. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1932.02730270079043
- Datta, R., Rizvi, A.N., Sivaleela, G. & Raghunathan, C. (2024) Checklist of Fauna of India: Nematoda: Part 2: Free - Living Marine Nematodes. Version 1.0. Zoological Survey of India. Available from: https://zsi.gov.in/uploads/documents/checklist/english/040_NEMATODES_PART_II1.pdf (accessed 9 April 2025)
- De Maeseneer, J. & D’Herde, J. (1963) Me ́thodes utilise ́es pour l’e ́tude des anguillules libres du sol. Revue de Agriculture Bureaux, 16, 441–447.
- de Man, J.G. (1876) Onderzoekingen over vrij in de aarde levende Nematoden. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, 2, 78–196.
- de Man, J.G. (1888) Sur quelques nématodes libres de la mer du Nord, nouveaux ou peu connus. Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France, 1, 1–51.
- Filipjev, I.N. (1929) Classification of freeliving Nematoda and relations to parasitic forms. Journal of Parasitology, 15, 281–282.
- Gerlach, S.A. (1956) Brasilianische Meeres-Nematoden 1. (Ergebnisse eines Studienaufenthaltes na der Universitãt São Paulo). Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico São Paulo, 5 (1), 3–69. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0373-55241954000100001
- Inglis, W.G. (1966) Marine nematodes from Durban, South Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 14 (4), 79–109.
- Inglis, W.G. (1983) An outline classification of the phylum Nematoda. Australian Journal of Zoology, 31, 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9830243
- Keppner, E.J. & Tarjan, A.C. (1989) Illustrated key to the genera of free-living marine nematodes of the order Enoplida. NOAA Technical Report NMFS, 77, 1–26.
- Lee, H.J., Lee, H. & Rho, H.S. (2023) Two new records of free-living marine nematodes of the family Ironidae de Man, 1876 (Nematoda: Enoplida) from Korea. Journal of Species Research, 12 (1), 55–67.
- McIntyre, A.D. & Warwick, R.M. (1984) Meiofauna techniques. In: Holme, N.A. & McIntyre, A.D. (Eds.), Methods for the study of marine benthos. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 217–244.
- Micoletzky, H. (1930) Freilebende marine Nematoden von den Sunda-Inseln. I. Enoplidae. (Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen’s Pacific Expedition 1914-16) Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 87, 243–339.
- Nemys eds. (2025) Nemys: World Database of Nematodes. Available from: https://nemys.ugent.be (accessed 17 March 2025) https://doi.org/10.14284/366
- Platonova, T.A. & Mokievsky, V.O. (1994) Revision of the marine nematodes of the family Ironidae (Nematoda: Enoplida). Zoosystematica Rossica (United Kingdom), 3 (1), 5–17.
- Platt, H.M. & Warwick, R.M. (1983) Free-living marine nematodes. Part I. British Enoplids. In: Kermack, D.M. & Barnes, R.S.K. (Eds.), Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1–307.
- Smol, N., Muthumbi, A. & Sharma, J. (2014) Order Enoplida. In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Eds.), Handbook of Zoology. Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera: Nematoda. Vol. 2. De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 193–249. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110274257.193
- Zograf, J. & Mordukhovich, V. (2022) New genus of Ironidae (Nematoda, Enoplida) from Piip volcano (the Bering Sea). PeerJ, 10, e12946. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12946