Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5725 No. 1: 1 Dec. 2025
Type: Article
Published: 2025-12-01
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.1.1
Page range: 1-54
Abstract views: 103
PDF downloaded: 3

Annotated catalogue and checklist of Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha, and Leptopodomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Lebanon, with new records

Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET); National Research Council of Italy (CNR); Via Madonna del Piano 10; I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence); Italy.; ‘La Specola’ Museum; Natural History Museum of the University of Florence; I-50125; Via Romana 17; Florence; Italy.
Faculty of Science; Lebanese University; Hadath; Beirut; Lebanon.
Hemiptera Heteroptera Lebanon Aquatic bugs

Abstract

An annotated catalogue and a checklist for three infraorders of aquatic, semi-acquatic and water-dependent true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha, and Leptopodomorpha) of Lebanon are provided. Data originate from an extensive ecological survey of the Lebanese river systems, the revision of the historical collection by Enrico Festa of 1893 (records published by E. Giglio-Tos but overlooked by most subsequent authors), and the examination of additional material from further entomological collections. This study led to 12 country records: Rhagovelia infernalis africana Lundblad, 1936; Gerris maculatus Tamanini, 1946; Micronecta pusilla (Horváth, 1895); M. scutellaris (Stål, 1858); M. wui alkani Hoberlandt, 1952; Corixa punctata (Illiger, 1807); Sigara mayri (Fieber, 1860); Anisops debilis perplexus Poisson, 1929; Anisops varius Fieber, 1851; Notonecta meridionalis Poisson, 1926; Plea cryptica Raupach, Charzinksi & Hendrich, 2024; and Saldula pallipes (Fabricius, 1794). A second species of Hebrus is reported for the country, but without specific attribution, being a female. Futhermore, four species, based on doubtful or single records for Lebanon, were confirmed: Mesovelia vittigera Horváth, 1895; Aquarius p. paludum (Fabricius, 1794); Sigara n. nigrolineata (Fieber, 1848); Anisops s. sardeus Herrich-Schäffer, 1849. A further record of an undescribed species of Saldula, already reported for Lebanon, Israel, and Turkey, is also provided, however, it was not possible to proceed with the description becauses it is a single female. The analytical review of the literature and historical material enabled us to pre-emptively or definitively exclude nine taxa from the Lebanese fauna: Mesovelia furcata Mulsant & Rey, 1852 (also excluded for Syria and Israel); Hebrus pusillus (Fallén, 1807); Rhagovelia nigricans (Burmeister, 1835); Velia rivulorum (Fabricius, 1775); Gerris gibbifer (Schummel, 1832); Micronecta minutissima (Linnaeus, 1758); Arctocorisa carinata (C.R. Sahlberg, 1819); Notonecta glauca Linnaeus, 1758; and Saldula saltatoria (Linnaeus, 1758). The first country records for Plea cryptica are provided also for Armenia and Italy. Moreover, a new synonymy, i.e. Micronecta (Basileonecta) scutellaris pubescens Hutchinson, 1940 syn. nov. of Sigara scutellaris Stål, 1858, is proposed.

 

References

  1. Andersen, N.M. (1982) The semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera, Gerromorpha). Phylogeny, adaptations, biogeography, and classification. Entomonograph, 3, 1–455. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004631267
  2. Andersen, N.M. (1990) Phylogeny and taxonomy of water striders, genus Aquarius Schellenberg (Insecta, Hemiptera, Gerridae), with a new species from Australia. Steenstrupia, 16 (4), 37–81.
  3. Andersen, N.M. (1993) The Evolution of Wing Polymorphism in Water Striders (Gerridae): A Phylogenetic Approach. Oikos, 67 (3), 433–443. https://doi.org/10.2307/3545355
  4. Andersen, N.M. (1995a) Cladistics, historical biogeography, and a check list of gerrinae water striders (Hemiptera, Gerridae) of the World. Steenstrupia, 21 (2), 93–123.
  5. Andersen, N.M. (1995b) Infraorder Gerromorpha Popov, 1971 – semiaquatic bugs. In: Aukema, B. & Rieger, C. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 1. Enicocephalomorpha, Dispocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha and Leptopodomorpha. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Wageningen, pp. 77–114.
  6. Armisén, D., Viala, S., Cordeiro, I. da R.S., Crumière, A.J.J., Hendaoui, E., Le Bouquin, A., Duchemin, W., Santos, E., Toubiana, W., Vargas-Lowman, A., Floriano, C.F.B., Polhemus, D.A., Wang, Y.-H., Rowe, L., Moreira, F.F.F. & Khila, A. (2022) Transcriptome-based phylogeny of the semi-aquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) reveals patterns of lineage expansion in a series of new adaptive zones. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 39 (11), msac229, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msac229
  7. Aukema, B. (2024) Catalogue of the Palaearctic Heteroptera. Available from: https://catpalhet.linnaeus.naturalis.nl/ (accessed 13 September 2024)
  8. Aukema, B. & Rieger, C. (1995) Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 1. Enicocephalomorpha, Dispocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha and Leptopodomorpha. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Wageningen, 222 pp.
  9. Aukema, B., Rieger, C. & Rabitsch, W. (2013) Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 6. Supplement. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Ede, 629 pp.
  10. Bacchi, I. & Rizzotti Vlach, M. (2007) Insecta Heteroptera Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha. In: Ruffo, S. & Stoch, F. (Eds.), Checklist and Distribution of the Italian Fauna. Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 2ª Serie, Sezione Scienze della Vita, 17 (2006), pp. 147–149. [CD-ROM]
  11. Berchi, G.M., Cianferoni, F., Csabai, Z., Damgaard, J., Olosutean, H., Ilie, D.M., Boda, P. & Kment, P. (2018) Water striders (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Gerridae) of Romania with an update on the distribution of Gerris gibbifer and G. maculatus in southeastern Europe. Zootaxa, 4433 (3), 491–519. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4433.3.6
  12. Berchi, G.M., Copilaș-Ciocianu, D., Kment, P. & Mumladze, L. (2023) Water bugs (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha) of the Caucasus ecoregion. The European Zoological Journal, 90 (1), 167–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2023.2174190
  13. Berchi, G.M., Kment, P., Copilaş-Ciocianu, D., Rákosy, L. & Damgaard, J. (2016) Water treaders of Romania and adjacent countries and their phylogenetic relationships (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Mesoveliidae). Annales zoologici, 66 (2), 193–212. https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.004
  14. Bou-Zeid, E. & El-Fadel, M. (2002) Climate change and water resources in Lebanon and the Middle East. Journal of Water Resource Planning and Management, 128, 343–355. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2002)128:5(343)
  15. Brinkhurst, R.O. (1959) Alary polymorphism in the Gerroidea (Hemiptera Heteroptera). Journal of Animal Ecology, 28 (2), 211–230. https://doi.org/10.2307/2079
  16. Brooks, G.T. (1951) A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae, Hemiptera). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 34 (8), 301–519.
  17. Brown, B.A. (1953) LII.—Notes on aquatic Hemiptera from Syria and Iraq. Journal of Natural History, Series 12, 6 (68), 579–600. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935308654455
  18. Caillol, H. (1911) Notice biographique sur Elzéar Abeille de Perrin (1843–1910). Annales de la Société entomologique de France, 80, 492–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/21686351.1911.12280055
  19. Çerçi, B., Koçak, Ö. & Tezcan, S. (2024) Review of the Heteroptera (Hemiptera) fauna of Turkey: perspectives for future research. European Journal of Taxonomy, 937, 1–127. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2024.937.2571
  20. Cianferoni, F. (2011) Notes on Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha and Leptopodomorpha from Sardinia (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). In: Nardi, G., Whitmore, D., Bardiani, M., Birtele, D., Mason, F., Spada, L. & Cerretti, P. (Eds.), Biodiversity of Marganai and Montimannu (Sardinia). Research in the framework of the ICP Forests networark. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 5. Cierre Edizioni, Sommacampagna, Verona, pp. 255–268.
  21. Cianferoni, F. (2019) Review of the aquatic Hemiptera from Cephalonia, with a checklist for the Ionian Islands, Greece (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha, Leptopodomorpha). Zootaxa, 4576 (1), 46–60. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4576.1.2
  22. Cianferoni, F. (2021) Insecta Hemiptera Heteroptera Gerromorpha. In: Bologna, M.A., Zapparoli, M., Oliverio, M., Minelli, A., Bonato, L., Cianferoni, F. & Stoch, F. (Ed.), Checklist of the Italian Fauna. Version 1.0. Last update 31 May 2021. Available from: https://www.lifewatchitaly.eu/en/initiatives/checklist-fauna-italia-en/checklist/ (accessed 26 January 2022)
  23. Cianferoni, F. (2023) Order Hemiptera. In: Maasri, A. & Thorp, J.H. (Eds.), Identification and Ecology of Freshwater Arthropods in the Mediterranean Basin. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 365–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821844-0.00003-X
  24. Cianferoni, F. & Ceccolini, F. (2024) Shedding Light on the Shadows: Hidden Diversity in the Italian Embioptera. Insects, 15 (868), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15110868
  25. Cianferoni, F. & Cianfanelli, S. (2015) First records of aquatic Heteroptera from Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italy). Acta Entomologica Slovenica, 23 (2), 143–146.
  26. Cianferoni, F. & Mazza, G. (2012) The aquatic Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) of the “Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona e Campigna” National Park (Central Italy). Zootaxa, 3568 (1), 36–52. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3568.1.2
  27. Cianferoni, F. & Santini, G. (2012) Ecology and life histories of two Alpine-Apenninic species of Velia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae). European Journal of Entomology, 109, 427–434. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2012.055
  28. Cianferoni, F. & Terzani, F. (2013) Nuovi dati su Gerromorpha e Nepomorpha in Italia (Hemiptera Heteroptera). Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana, 145 (2), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.4081/BollettinoSEI.2013.51
  29. Cianferoni, F., Terzani, F. & Rocchi, S. (2013) Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha and Leptopodomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of the Tuscan Archipelago (Italy). Zootaxa, 3669 (3), 302–320. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3669.3.6
  30. Cobben, R.H. (1959) Notes on the classification of Saldidae with the description of a new species from Spain. Zoologische Mededelingen, 36 (22), 303–316.
  31. Csabai, Z., Soós, N., Berchi, G.M., Cianferoni, F., Boda, P. & Móra, A. (2017) Aquatic and semiaquatic Heteroptera (Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha) fauna of Greek holiday islands (Rhodes, Crete and Corfu) with first records of three species from Europe and Greece. Zootaxa, 4231 (1), 51–69. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.3
  32. Damgaard, J. (2008) Phylogeny of the semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha). Insect Systematics and Evolution, 39, 431–460. https://doi.org/10.1163/187631208788784264
  33. Damgaard, J. (2012) What do we know about the phylogeny of the semi-aquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha)? Entomologica Americana, 118 (1), 81–98. https://doi.org/10.1664/12-RA-030.1
  34. Damgaard, J., Ghahari, H., Moreira, F.F.F. & Moulet, P. (2023a) Family Hydrometridae Billberg, 1820. In: Ghahari, H., Moulet, P. & McPherson, J.E. (Eds.), True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Middle-East. Springer, Singapore, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1470-8_20-1
  35. Damgaard, J., Ghahari, H., Moulet, P., McPherson, J.E. & Sakenin, H. (2023b) Family Mesoveliidae Douglas and Scott, 1867. In: Ghahari, H., Moulet, P. & McPherson, J.E. (Eds.), True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Middle-East. Springer, Singapore, pp. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1470-8_14-1
  36. Damgaard, J., Moreira, F.F.F., Hayashi, M., Weir, T.A. & Zettel, H. (2012) Molecular phylogeny of the pond treaders (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Mesoveliidae), discussion of the fossil record and a checklist of species assigned to the family. Insect Systematics and Evolution, 43, 175–212. https://doi.org/10.1163/1876312X04302004
  37. Damgaard, J., Moreira, F.F.F., Weir, T.A. & Zettel, H. (2014) Molecular phylogeny of the pond skaters (Gerrinae), discussion of the fossil record and a checklist of species assigned to the subfamily (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae). Insect Systematics and Evolution, 45, 251–281 + 1–43 (appendix) https://doi.org/10.1163/1876312X-44042105
  38. Damgaard, J., Moulet, P., Ghahari, H. & McPherson, J.E. (2023c) Family Ceratocombidae Fieber, 1860. In: Ghahari, H., Moulet, P. & McPherson, J.E. (Eds.), True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Middle-East. Springer, Singapore, pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1470-8_4-1
  39. Dia, A. (1983) Recherches sur l’écologie et la biogéographie des cours d’eau du Liban méridional. Thèse de Doctorat d’État, Université d’Aix-Marseille III, Aix-en-Provence and Marseille, 302 pp.
  40. Dia, A. (1998) Recherches sur l’écologie du bassin inférieur de la rivière Litani=Nahr el Kasmiyé (Littoral Sud). Bulletin Scientifique Libanais, 11 (1), 3–43.
  41. Dia, A. (2007) Recherches sur les peuplements de macroinvertébrés des cours d’eau du Liban méridional (Aouali et Damour). Analyse biocénotique et essai de biotypologie. Ecologia Mediterranea, 32 (1), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.3406/ecmed.2006.1418
  42. Dia, A. & Jäch, M.A. (1992) Ecological notes en running water Ochthebius from southern Lebanon, with description of a new species (Insecta: Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Linzer biologische Beiträge, 24/2, 923–930.
  43. Dia, A. & Thomas, A. (2005) Sur la répartition et l’écologie des Ephémères et des Coléoptères Elmidae du Liban Méridional [Ephemeroptera & Coleoptera]. Ephemera, 5 (2), 95–109. [2003]
  44. Dia, A. & Thomas, A. (2014) Écologie et biomonitoring des cours d’eau du Liban septentrional. 2. La rivière El Jaouz [Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera]. Ephemera, 14 (2), 109–121. [2012]
  45. Dursun, A. (2011) A study on the Nepomorpha (Hemiptera) species of some provinces of Anatolia, Turkey, with new records of Anisops debilis perplexus Poisson, 1929 and Notonecta reuteri Hungerford, 1928. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi - Turkish Journal of Entomology, 35 (3), 461–474.
  46. Faraci, F. & Rizzotti Vlach, M. (1995) Heteroptera. In: Minelli, A., Ruffo, S. & La Posta, S. (Eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana. Fascicolo 41. Calderini, Bologna, pp. 1–56.
  47. Fent, M., Kment, P., Çamur-Elipek, B. & Kırgız, T. (2011) Annotated catalogue of Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha, and Leptopodomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Turkey, with new records. Zootaxa, 2856 (1), 1–84. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2856.1.1
  48. Festa, E. (1894) Viaggio del Dr. E. Festa in Palestina, nel Libano e regioni vicine. Parte narrativa. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Regia Università di Torino, 9 (172), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.8049
  49. Ghahari, H. (2013) A study on aquatic and semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from northern Iran. Linzer biologische Beiträge, 45/2, 1991–1996.
  50. Ghahari, H., Damgaard, J. & Moulet, P. (2023a) Family Dipsocoridae Dohrn, 1859. In: Ghahari, H., Moulet, P. & McPherson, J.E. (Eds.), True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Middle-East. Springer, Singapore, pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1470-8_5-1
  51. Ghahari, H., Damgaard, J., Moulet, P., Barbosa, J.F. & Chordas, S.W. (2023b) Family Notonectidae Latreille, 1802. In: Ghahari, H., Moulet, P. & McPherson, J.E. (Eds.), True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Middle-East. Springer, Singapore, pp. 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1470-8_39-1
  52. Ghahari, H., Damgaard, J., Moulet, P., Chordas, S.W. & Ostovan, H. (2023c) Family Corixidae Leach, 1815. In: Ghahari, H., Moulet, P. & McPherson, J.E. (Eds.), True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Middle-East. Springer, Singapore, pp. 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1470-8_35-1
  53. Ghahari, H., Damgaard, J., Ribeiro J.R.I. & Moulet, P. (2023d) Family Belostomatidae Leach, 1815. In: Ghahari, H., Moulet, P. & McPherson, J.E. (Eds.), True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Middle-East. Springer, Singapore, pp. 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1470-8_27-1
  54. Ghahari, H., Moulet, P. & McPherson, J.E. (Eds.) (2023e) True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Middle-East. Springer, Singapore, 1100 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1470-8
  55. Ghahari, H., Moulet, P., Ostovan, H. & Linnavuori, R. (2013) An annotated catalog of the Iranian Dipsocoromorpha, Enicocephalomorpha, Gerromorpha, Leptopodomorpha and Nepomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zootaxa, 3641 (4), 301–342. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3641.4.1
  56. Ghahari, H., Polhemus, D.A., Damgaard, J. & Moulet, P. (2023f) Family Hebridae Amyot and Serville, 1843. In: Ghahari, H., Moulet, P. & McPherson, J.E. (Eds.), True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Middle-East. Springer, Singapore, pp. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1470-8_16-1
  57. Ghahari, H., Polhemus, D.A., Damgaard, J. & Moulet, P. (2023g) Family Ochteridae Kirkaldy, 1906. In: Ghahari, H., Moulet, P. & McPherson, J.E. (Eds.), True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Middle-East. Springer, Singapore, pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1470-8_36-1
  58. Ghahari, H., Polhemus, D.A., Damgaard, J. & Moulet, P. (2023h) Family Leptopodidae Brullé, 1836. In: Ghahari, H., Moulet, P. & McPherson, J.E. (Eds.), True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Middle-East. Springer, Singapore, pp. 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1470-8_42-1
  59. Ghahari, H., Polhemus, D.A., Damgaard, J., Moulet, P. & McPherson, J.E. (2023i) Family Veliidae Brullé, 1836. In: Ghahari, H., Moulet, P. & McPherson, J.E. (Eds.), True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Middle-East. Springer, Singapore, pp. 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1470-8_23-1
  60. Ghahari, H., Polhemus, D.A., Damgaard, J., Moulet, P. & Moreira, F.F.F. (2023j) Family Gerridae Leach, 1815. In: Ghahari, H., Moulet, P. & McPherson, J.E. (Eds.), True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Middle-East. Springer, Singapore, pp. 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1470-8_25-1
  61. Ghahari, H., Reynoso-Velasco, D., Sites, R.W., Moulet, P. & Damgaard, J. (2023k) Family Naucoridae Leach, 1815. In: Ghahari, H., Moulet, P. & McPherson, J.E. (Eds.), True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Middle-East. Springer, Singapore, pp. 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1470-8_37-1
  62. Ghahari, H., Vinokurov, N.N., Damgaard, J., Moulet, P. & Dorow, W.H.O. (2023l) Family Saldidae Amyot and Serville, 1843. In: Ghahari, H., Moulet, P. & McPherson, J.E. (Eds.), True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Middle-East. Springer, Singapore, pp. 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1470-8_44-1
  63. Giglio-Tos, E. (1894) Viaggio del Dr. E. Festa in Palestina, nel Libano e regioni vicine. VII. Rincoti. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Regia Università di Torino, 9 (169), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.27226
  64. Griffini, A. (1896) Catalogus synonymicus et topographicus Rhynchotorum aquatilium hucusque in Italia repertorum. Miscellanea entomologica, 4 (6), 83–86. [first part]
  65. Hackman, W. (1969) Håkan Lindberg – Minnestal hållet vid finska vetenskaps-societetens sammanträde den 8 april 1968. Årsbok-Vuosikirja XLVIC No. 2. Societas Scientarum Fennica, Helsinki, 1 pp.
  66. Hiraishi, N., Suzuki, T., Matsushima, R. & Ohba, S.-Y. (2023) Phylogenetic and morphological analyses of Japanese Aquarius water strider, with a new synonym. Entomological Science, 26 (1), e12544, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12544
  67. Hoberlandt, L. (1952) Results of the zoological scientific expedition of the National Museum in Praha to Turkey. 2. Hemiptera-Heteroptera I. The aquatic and semiaquatic Heteroptera of Turkey. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 26(352) (1948–1950), 1–74, pls. I–XVII.
  68. Horváth, G. (1915) Monographie des Mésovéliides. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 13, 535–556.
  69. Horváth, G. (1926) Hémiptères. In: Voyage Zoologique d’Henri Gadeau de Kerville en Syrie. I (Avril–Juin 1908). Bailliere et fils, Paris, pp. 107–119.
  70. Horváth, G. (1929a) Rhynchoten aus Palästina und Syrien. Zoologische Studienreise von R. Ebner 1928 mit Unterstützung der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Abteilung 1, 138 (7), 329–334.
  71. Horváth, G. (1929b) General catalogue of the Hemiptera. Fascicle II. Mesoveliidae. Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, 15 pp.
  72. Höregott, H. & Jordan, K.H.C. (1954) Bestimmungstabelle der Weibchen deutscher Corixiden. Beiträge zur Entomologie, 4 (5/6), 578–594. https://doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.4.5-6.578-594
  73. Hutchinson, G.E. (1940) A revision of the Corixidae of India and adjacent regions. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 33, 339–476.
  74. Jansson, A. (1969) Identification of larval Corixidae (Heteroptera) of Northern Europe. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 6 (3), 289–312.
  75. Jansson, A. (1986) The Corixidae (Heteroptera) of Europe and some adjacent regions. Acta Entomologica Fennica, 47, 1–94.
  76. Jansson, A. (1995) Family Corixidae Leach, 1815 – water boatmen. In: Aukema, B. & Rieger, C. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 1. Enicocephalomorpha, Dispocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha and Leptopodomorpha. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Wageningen, pp. 26–56.
  77. Jaczewski, T. (1964) Notes on Some Aquatic and Semi-Aquatic Heteroptera from Iraq. Bulletin de l’Academie Polonaise des Sciences, Série des Sciences Biologiques, Cl. II, 12 (6), 253–268.
  78. Johnson, K.P., Dietrich, C.H., Friedrich, F., Beutel, R.G., Wipfler, B., Peters, R.S., Allen, J.M., Petersen, M., Donath, A., Walden, K.K.O., Kozlov, A.M., Podsiadlowski, L., Mayer, C., Meusemann, K., Vasilikopoulos, A., Waterhouse, R.M., Cameron, S.L., Weirauch, C., Swanson, D.R., Percy, D.M., Hardy, N.B., Terry, I., Liu, S., Zhou, X., Misof, B., & Robertson, H.M. & Yoshizawa, K. (2018) Phylogenomics and the evolution of hemipteroid insects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115 (50), 12775–12780. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815820115
  79. Kanyukova, E.V. (1982) Water-striders (Heteroptera, Gerridae) of the fauna of the USSR. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 105 (1981), 62–93. [in Russian]
  80. Kanyukova, E.V. (2023) On the Water Striders (Heteroptera, Gerridae) of the Fauna of Russia: History of Study, Erroneous Identifications, and Features of Biology. Entomological Review, 103 (7), 709–720. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873823070011
  81. Katbeh, A., Carapezza A. & Akkawi M. (2000) Heteroptera of Jordan: specimens preserved in the University of Jordan Insects Museum (Insecta). Atti dell’Academia Roveretana degli Agiati, Series 7, 10 (B), 111–137.
  82. Kerzhner, I.M. (1995) Infraorder Dipsocoromorpha. In: Aukema, B. & Rieger, C. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 1. Enicocephalomorpha, Dispocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha and Leptopodomorpha. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Wageningen, pp. 6–12.
  83. Kment, P. & Carapezza, A. (2022) Heteroptera (Hemiptera) of the Socotra Archipelago I: Introduction, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha and Leptopodomorpha. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 62 (2), 475–519. https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2022.026
  84. Kment, P., Carapezza, A. & Jindra, Z. (2020) Taxonomic catalogue of the family Ochteridae with description of Ochterus papaceki sp. nov. from Socotra Island and Tanzania (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 60 (1), 23–64. https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2020.003
  85. Kment, P., Jindra, Z. & Berchi, G.M. (2016) Review of West-Palaearctic Hebridae with description of a new species and redescription of Hebrus fulvinervis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zootaxa, 4147 (3), 201–239. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4147.3.1
  86. Kment, P. & Kanyukova, E.V. (2010) New faunistic records of Hebridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from the Mediterranean and the Near and Middle East. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno), 95 (2), 11–18.
  87. Lansbury, I. (1964) Notes on Anisops debilis Gerstaeker 1873 (Hem.-Heteroptera, Notonectidae) and its closely related forms. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, 94 (1963), 97–108.
  88. Lansbury, I. (1966) Notes on the Notonectidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) of Aden and the Yemen. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 13, 9 (97–99), 37–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936608651636
  89. Larsen, E. & Blaustein, L. (2005) New backswimmer (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) records for Israel. Zoology in the Middle East, 36, 114–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2005.10638137
  90. Lindberg, H. (1922) Verzeichnis der von John Sahlberg und Uunio Saalas in den Mittelmeergebieten gesammelten semiaquatilen und aquatilen Heteropteren. Notulae Entomologicae, 2, 15–19 + 46–49.
  91. Lebedeva, N.I. & Kanyukova, E.V. (2024) On subspecies of Gerris costae (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1850) (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Gerridae) in Uzbekistan. Entomological Review, 103, 2, 237–245. [in Russian] https://doi.org/10.31857/S0367144524020087
  92. Lindskog, P. (1975) Taxonomy and systematics on some species group of Saldula Van Duzee, with a discussion of riparian-terrestrial shifts in the Saldidae (Heteroptera). Zoologica Scripta, 4, 159–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1975.tb00728.x
  93. Lindskog, P. (1995) Infraorder Leptopodomorpha. In: Aukema, B. & Rieger, C. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 1. Enicocephalomorpha, Dispocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha and Leptopodomorpha. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Wageningen, pp. 115–141.
  94. Linnavuori, R. (1960) Hemiptera of Israel. I. Annales Zoologici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae ‘Vanamo’, 22 (1), 1–71.
  95. Matocq, A. & Azar, D. (2023) Preliminary inventory of terrestrial Heteroptera from Lebanon (Hemiptera: Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha and Pentatomomorpha). Zootaxa, 5230 (1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5230.1.1
  96. Mayr, E. (1963) Animal species and evolution. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 797 pp. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674865327
  97. Mayr, E. (1969) Principles of Systematic Zoology. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York, 428 pp.
  98. Mazza, G., Aquiloni, L., Bellavita, M., Cianfanelli, S., Cianferoni, F., Orioli, G., Palombi, A., Piazzai, M., Rocchi, S., Terzani, F. & Gherardi, F. ( (2012) Ricerche faunistiche negli habitat stagnatili (trosce) della Riserva Naturale Monte Rufeno (Lazio, Italia Centrale). Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali, 92 (2012), 21–32.
  99. Nieser, N. (1995) Gerromorpha from Israel (Heteroptera semiaquatica). In: Nitzu, E. (Ed.), Soil Fauna of Israel. Vol. 1. Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti, pp. 153–155.
  100. Nieser, N. (1996) Anisops marazanofi Poisson, a synonym of A. crinitus Brooks (Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Entomologische Berichten, 56 (6), 107–108.
  101. Nieser, N. & Moubayed, Z. (1986) Les Hétéroptères aquatiques du Liban. I. Inventaire faunistique. Annales de Limnologie, 21 (3), 247–252. https://doi.org/10.1051/limn/1985025
  102. Novoselsky, T., Chen, P.-P. & Nieser, N. (2018) A review of the giant water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Belostomatidae) of Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology, 48 (1), 119–141. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2529002
  103. Patten, M.A. (2015) Subspecies and the philosophy of science. The Auk, 132, 481–485. https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-15-1.1
  104. Patten, M.A. & Unitt, P. (2002) Diagnosability versus mean differences of Sage Sparrow subspecies. The Auk, 119, 26–35. https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.1.26
  105. Péricart, J. (1990) Hemiptères Saldidae et Leptopodidae d’Europe occidentale et du Maghreb. Faune de France. Vol. 77. Fédération Française des Sociétés des Sciences Naturelles, Paris, 238 pp.
  106. Poggi, R. & Conci, C. (1996) Elenco delle collezioni entomologiche conservate nelle strutture pubbliche italiane. Memorie della Società entomologica italiana, 75, 3–157.
  107. Poisson, R.A. (1921) Brachyptérisme et aptérisme dans le genre Gerris. Comptes rendus hebdomadàires des sèances de l’Académie de Sciences, 173, 947–950.
  108. Poisson, R.A. (1924) Contribution a l’étude des Hémiptères aquatiques. Bulletin biologique de la France et de la Belgique, 58, 49–305.
  109. Poisson, R.A. (1957) Hétéroptères aquatiques. Faune de France. Vol. 61. Fédération Française des Sociétés de Sciences Naturelles, Paris, 263 pp.
  110. Polhemus, J.T. (1995a) Family Nepidae Latreille, 1802 – water scorpions, water stick insects. In: Aukema, B. & Rieger, C. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 1. Enicocephalomorpha, Dispocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha and Leptopodomorpha. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Wageningen, pp. 14–18.
  111. Polhemus, J.T. (1995b) Family Ochteridae Kirkaldy, 1906 – velvety shore bugs. In: Aukema, B. & Rieger, C. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 1. Enicocephalomorpha, Dispocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha and Leptopodomorpha. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Wageningen, pp. 25–26.
  112. Polhemus, J.T. (1995c) Family Notonectidae Latreille, 1802 – backswimmers. In: Aukema, B. & Rieger, C. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 1. Enicocephalomorpha, Dispocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha and Leptopodomorpha. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Wageningen, pp. 63–73.
  113. Polhemus, J.T. (1995d) Family Pleidae Fieber, 1851 – pygmy backswimmers. In: Aukema, B. & Rieger, C. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 1. Enicocephalomorpha, Dispocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha and Leptopodomorpha. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Wageningen, pp. 73–75.
  114. Polhemus, J.T. & Polhemus, D.A. (2008) Global diversity of true bugs (Heteroptera; Insecta) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia, 595, 379–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9033-1
  115. Prokin, A.A., Saprykin, M.A. & Shapovalov, M.I. (2009) Novye ukazaniya vodnykh klopov i vodomerok (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha) s territorii Severo-Zapadnogo Kavkaza. (New records of aquatic and semi-aquatic bugs (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha) from the North-Western Caucasus. Euroasian Entomological Journal, 8, 313–314. [in Russian, English abstract]
  116. Prokin, A.A. & Sazhnev, A.S. (2025) First records of Plea cryptica Raupach, Charzinski & Hendrich, 2024 (Heteroptera: Pleidae) from Russia. Transactions of Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS, 109 (112), 48–52. https://doi.org/10.47021/0320-3557-2025-48-52
  117. Protić, Lj. (1998) Catalogue of the Heteroptera fauna of Yugoslav countries. Part One. Prirodnjački Muzej u Beogradu, Posebna Izdanja, 38, 1–215.
  118. Puton, A. (1879) Synopsis des Hémiptères-Hétéroptères de France. 2e partie. Tingidides, Phymatides, Aradides, Hebrides, Hydrometrides. Danel, Lille, pp. 83–159.
  119. Puton, A. (1881) Enumération des Hémiptères récoltés en Syrie par M. Abeille de Perrin avec la description des espèces nouvelles. Mittheilungen der Schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft, 6 (3), 119–129.
  120. Puton, A. (1886) Catalogue des Hémiptères (Hétéropères, Cicadines et Psyllides) de la faune paléartique. Troisième édition. Blanc-Hardel, Caen, 87 + [1] pp.
  121. Ragusa, E. (1887) Emitteri raccolti in Sicilia. Il Naturalista Siciliano, 6, 119–125 + 153–157 + 183–185.
  122. Ragusa, E. (1907) Catalogo degli emitteri della Sicilia. Il Naturalista Siciliano, 19, 209–237.
  123. Raupach, M.J., Charzinski, N., Villastrigo, A., Gossner, M.M., Niedringhaus, R., Schäfer, P., Schmelzle, S., Strauß, G. & Hendrich, L. (2024) The discovery of an overseen pygmy backswimmer in Europe (Heteroptera, Nepomorpha, Pleidae). Scientific Reports, 14 (28139), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-78224-6
  124. Reuter, O.M. (1888) Heteroptera nova in Græcia a D° E. V. Oertzen lecta. Revue d’Entomologie, 7, 223–228.
  125. Reuter, O.M. (1895) Species palaearcticae generis Acanthia Fabr., Latr. Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae, 21 (2), 1–58, 1 pl.
  126. Savage, A.A. (1999) Key to the larvae of British Corixidae. Freshwater Biological Association. Scientific Publications 57. Ambleside, Cumbria, 56 pp.
  127. Sakenin, H., Samin, N., Rastegari, J., Havaskary, M., Imani, S. & Linnavuori, R.E. (2011) A faunistic survey on Heteroptera (Insecta) of Western Iran. Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 43 (1), 861–872.
  128. Saleh Ahmed, R. & Gadalla, S.M. (2005) Contribution to the study of Heteroptera, Gerromorpha (Semiaquatic Bugs). VII. Check-list of Gerromorpha of Egypt, with a new record. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 8 (4), 339–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1226-8615(08)60255-1
  129. Samin, N., Sakenin, H., Linnavuori, R., Havaskary, M. & Mohebbi, H.R. (2011) A faunistic survey of Heteroptera (Insecta) from western Iran. Calodema, 146, 1–12.
  130. Schuh, R.T., Galil B. & Polhemus, J.T. (1987) Catalog and bibliography of Leptopodomorpha (Heteroptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 185 (3), 243–406.
  131. Servadei, A. (1967) Rhynchota (Heteroptera, Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha). Catalogo topografico e sinonimico. Fauna d’Italia. Vol. IX. Calderini, Bologna, 854 pp.
  132. Steck, T. (1887) Entomologische Ergebnisse einer Excursion nach Sicilien. Mitteilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern, 1886 (1143–1168), 178–188.
  133. Stichel, W. (1955) Illustrierte Bestimmungstabellen der Wanzen. II. Europa (Hemiptera-Heteroptera Europae). Vol. 1. Part 7. 15 November 1955. Stichel, Berlin-Hermsdorf, 16 pp. [pp. 97–112]
  134. Storey, R. (2007) Aquatic invertebrate diversity and distribution at Aammiq Marsh, Lebanon. Scientfic Report. A Rocha, Lebanon, 36 pp.
  135. Štys, P. (1990) Enicocephalomorphan and dipsocoromorphan fauna of W. Palaearctic (Heteroptera): composition, distribution and biology. Scopolia, Supplement 1, 3–15.
  136. Tamanini, L. (1947) Contributo ad una revisione del genere Velia Latr. e descrizione di alcune specie nuove (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Veliidae). Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana, 26, 17–74.
  137. Tamanini, L. (1952) Caratteri e distribuzione della Velia ventralis Puton 1881 (Hem. Heter. Veliidae). Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana, 82 (5–6), 39–41.
  138. Tamanini, L. (1953) Valore specifico e distribuzione della Velia affinis Kolenati (Hemiptera Heteroptera Veliidae). Atti della Accademia Roveretana degli Agiati, Serie 5, 1 (1952/1953), 133–141.
  139. Tamanini, L. (1979) Eterotteri acquatici (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha). Guide per il riconoscimento delle specie animali delle acque interne italiane. Guide per il riconoscimento delle specie animali delle acque interne italiane. Series “Promozione della qualità dell’ambiente. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, AQ/1/43, 6, 1–106.
  140. Vepsäläinen, K. (1971) The role of gradually changing daylength in determination of wing length, alary dimorphism and diapause in a Gerris odontogaster (Zett.) population (Gerridae, Heteroptera) in South Finland. Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae, Series A, IV (Biologica), 183, 1–25.
  141. Vepsäläinen, K. (1974) The life cycles and wing lengths of Finnish Gerris Fabr. species (Heteroptera, Gerridae). Acta Zoologica Fennica, 141, 1–73.
  142. Vepsäläinen, K. & Krajewski, S. (1986) Identification of the waterstrider (Gerridae) nymphs of Northern Europe. Annales Entomologici Fennici, 52, 63–77.
  143. Vinokurov, N.N. (2004) Poluzhestkokrylye roda Saldula V.D., 1914 (Heteroptera, Saldidae) fauny Rossii i sopredel’nykh stran. [Bugs of the genus Saldula V.D., 1914 (Heteroptera, Saldidae) in Russia and adjacent countries]. Euroasian Entomological Journal, 3, 101–118. [in Russian, English abstract]
  144. Vinokurov, N.N. & Kment, P. (2015) Contribution to the faunistics of shore bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Leptopodomorpha) in the Palaearctic Region and the Himalayas. Zootaxa, 4028 (3), 367–387. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4028.3.3
  145. Wang, Y.-H., Wu, H.-Y., Rédei, D., Xie, Q., Chen, Y., Chen, P.-P., Dong, Z.-E., Dang, K., Damgaard, J., Štys, P., Wu, Y.-Z., Luo, J.-Y., Sun, X.-Y., Hartung, V., Kuechler, S.M., Liu, Y., Liu, H.-X. & Bu, W. (2017) When did the ancestor of true bugs become stinky? Disentangling the phylogenomics of Hemiptera–Heteroptera. Cladistics, 35 (1), 42–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12232
  146. Wang, Y.-H., Moreira, F.F.F., Rédei, D., Chen, P.-P., Kuechler, S.M., Luo, J.-Y., Men, Y., Wu, H.-Y. & Xie, Q. (2021) Diversification of true water bugs revealed by transcriptome-based phylogenomics. Systematic Entomology, 46, 339–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12465
  147. Wróblewki, A. (1962a) Note on some Asiatic species of the genus Micronecta Kirk. (Heteroptera, Corixidae). II. Bulletin de l’Académie polonaise des Sciences, Série des Sciences Biologiques, 10 (1), 29–32.
  148. Wróblewki, A. (1962b) Note on some Asiatic species of the genus Micronecta Kirk. (Heteroptera, Corixidae). III. Bulletin de l’Académie polonaise des Sciences, Série des Sciences Biologiques, 10 (1), 33–37.
  149. Yamazaki, K. & Sugiura, Sh. (2004) Patapius spinosus: First record of Leptopodidae (Heteroptera) from Japan. Entomological Science, 7, 291–293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8298.2004.00076.x
  150. Ye, Z., Damgaard, J., Yang, H., Hebsgaard, M., Weir, T. & Bu, W.J. (2019) Phylogeny and diversification of the true water bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha). Cladistics, 36 (1), 72–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12383
  151. Ye, Z., Yuan, J.J., Damgaard, J., Berchi, G.M., Cianferoni, F., Pintar, M.R., Olosutean, H., Zhu, X.X., Jiang, K., Yang, X., Fu, S.Y. & Bu, W.J. (2022) Climate warming since the Holocene accelerates west-east communication for the Eurasian temperate water strider species Aquarius paludum. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 39 (5), msac089. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msac089

How to Cite

Cianferoni, F. & Dia, A. (2025) Annotated catalogue and checklist of Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha, and Leptopodomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Lebanon, with new records. Zootaxa, 5725 (1), 1–54. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.1.1