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Type: Monograph
Published: 2026-05-19
Page range: 1-78
Abstract views: 59
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Revision of Limnocoris Stål (Heteroptera: Naucoridae) of eastern South America

Laboratório de Entomologia; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil
Laboratório de Entomologia; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil
Enns Entomology Museum; Division of Plant Sciences; University of Missouri; Columbia; MO; United States
Hemiptera Limnocorinae Nepomorpha new species saucer bug taxonomy

Abstract

The genus Limnocoris is the only genus in the New World subfamily Limnocorinae (Naucoridae) and is predominantly neotropical in distribution. Presented here is the fourth and final contribution in a series to revise the genus; the species of eastern South America are revised, including the descriptions of three new species from Brazil: L. diamantinensis sp. nov., L. hirsutus sp. nov., and L. valimi sp. nov. Also, Limnocoris montandoni La Rivers stat. restit. is resurrected from synonymy with L. abbreviatus La Rivers and its species status restored. Further, supplemental descriptions are provided for the previously described species: L. abbreviatus, L. aculabrum La Rivers, L. acutalis La Rivers, L. asper Nieser & Lopez-Ruf, L. brasiliensis De Carlo, L. decarloi Nieser & Lopez-Ruf, L. espinolai Nieser & Lopez-Ruf, L. insignis Stål, L. machrisi Nieser & Lopez-Ruf, L. melloleitaoi De Carlo, L. minutus De Carlo, L. montandoni, L. pauper Montandon, L. rotundatus De Carlo, L. saphis Nieser & Lopez-Ruf, L. sattleri De Carlo, L. siolii (De Carlo), L. submontandoni La Rivers, and L. volxemi (Lethierry). The following synonymies are proposed, with junior synonyms in brackets: L. espinolai [L. porphyros Nieser & Lopez-Ruf n. syn.], L. insignis [L. caraceae Nieser & Lopez-Ruf n. syn.], and L. pauper [L. subpauper Nieser & Lopez-Ruf n. syn.]. An illustrated taxonomic key, distribution maps, and a checklist for all species in the genus also are presented.

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How to Cite

Rodrigues, H.D.D., Canejo, R.P.R. & Sites, R.W. (2026) Revision of Limnocoris Stål (Heteroptera: Naucoridae) of eastern South America. Zootaxa, 5813 (1), 1–78. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5813.1.1